The likely correct answer to be a monopolies is option c) The only electric utility company in town.
A monopoly refers to a market situation where there is a single seller or producer dominating the market, giving them significant control over the supply and pricing of goods or services.
In the given options, a soybean farmer (option a) is unlikely to be a monopoly as there are typically numerous soybean farmers in the market. A large firm like GM (option b) can have a substantial market share but may not necessarily be a monopoly unless it has exclusive control over the market, which is not specified in the option.
However, option c) The only electric utility company in town has the potential to be a monopoly. If there is only one electric utility company operating in a specific town or area, it would have exclusive control over the provision of electricity services, creating a monopolistic situation.
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The role of HR and by extension HR Planning has been changing gradually over the years from the traditional approach or "administrative" to a more strategic approach that of "strategic partner". Your group must use the Case WeaveTech: High Performance Change as a company and explain what approach is being used and why. Additionally, discuss the advantages of a strategic approach. Suggest the type of practical HR strategies, systems and policies that the organisation should put in place. Your recommendations should be supported by the theories you learnt in this course
In the case of WeaveTech: High Performance Change, the company is adopting a strategic approach to HR rather than a traditional administrative approach.
The strategic approach involves HR functioning as a strategic partner, aligning HR activities with the overall business strategy and goals of the organization.
The advantages of a strategic HR approach in this context are as follows:
Alignment with business objectives: By adopting a strategic approach, HR can ensure that its activities are closely aligned with the organization's overall business strategy. This alignment facilitates the achievement of organizational goals and enhances the company's competitive advantage
Proactive workforce planning: Strategic HR involves forecasting future workforce needs and planning accordingly. By analyzing trends, industry developments, and business requirements, HR can identify the skills and competencies needed in the future and develop strategies to attract, develop, and retain the right talent.
Talent acquisition and retention: A strategic HR approach emphasizes the importance of attracting and retaining top talent. HR can develop effective recruitment strategies, implement robust selection processes, and create programs to enhance employee engagement, satisfaction, and retention. This proactive approach ensures that the organization has the right people in the right roles to drive success.
Employee development and performance management: Strategic HR focuses on employee development and performance management to enhance productivity and overall organizational performance. By implementing performance appraisal systems, providing training and development opportunities, and establishing clear career paths, HR can foster a culture of continuous learning and improvement.
Change management and organizational development: Strategic HR plays a crucial role in managing organizational change and development. HR can support the implementation of change initiatives, facilitate communication, and address employee concerns during periods of change. This ensures a smooth transition and increases employee acceptance and commitment.
Based on the theories learned in this course, the following practical HR strategies, systems, and policies can be recommended for WeaveTech:
Succession planning: Implement a robust succession planning process to identify high-potential employees and develop them for future leadership positions. This ensures a pipeline of talent and minimizes disruptions during leadership transitions.
Performance management system: Implement a performance management system that aligns individual goals with organizational objectives. This system should include regular feedback, goal setting, and performance evaluation to drive employee engagement and enhance performance.
Training and development programs: Design and implement training and development programs to enhance employees' skills, knowledge, and competencies. These programs can include leadership development, technical training, and cross-functional learning opportunities.
Employee engagement initiatives: Develop and implement initiatives to foster employee engagement, such as recognition programs, employee surveys, and work-life balance policies. This helps create a positive work environment, boosts morale, and improves employee retention.
Change management processes: Establish a structured change management process to effectively manage organizational change. This includes communication plans, employee involvement strategies, and support mechanisms to facilitate smooth transitions and minimize resistance.
Diversity and inclusion initiatives: Implement policies and practices that promote diversity and inclusion within the organization. This can include diversity recruitment strategies, training on unconscious bias, and creating an inclusive work culture where all employees feel valued and respected.
By implementing these strategies and systems, WeaveTech can effectively leverage its HR function as a strategic partner, aligning HR activities with the company's overall business strategy. This approach will enable the organization to attract, develop, and retain the right talent, drive performance, and successfully navigate periods of change and growth.
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Please Help With A And B. Answer C Is Correct. Eastman Publishing Company Is Considering Publishing An Electronic Textbook About Spreadsheet Applications For Business. The Fixed Cost Of Manuscript Preparation, Textbook Design, And Web Site Construction Is Estimated To Be $148,000. Variable Processing Costs Are Estimated To Be $5 Per Book. The Publisher
A. The breakeven point in units is 29,600 units.
B. The breakeven point in dollars is $178,000.
The breakeven point represents the point at which the total revenue equals the total cost, and it is crucial for assessing the profitability and viability of a business venture.
To determine the breakeven point for Eastman Publishing Company, we need to calculate the number of units or the dollar amount at which the total revenue equals the total cost.
Given:
Fixed costs: $148,000
Variable processing cost per book: $5
A. Breakeven Point in Units:
The breakeven point in units can be calculated using the following formula:
Breakeven Point (in units) = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per Unit
The contribution margin per unit is the selling price per unit minus the variable processing cost per unit.
Let's assume the selling price per unit is denoted by S. The contribution margin per unit would then be S - $5.
To find the breakeven point in units, we can substitute the values into the formula:
Breakeven Point (in units) = $148,000 / ($S - $5)
Since the selling price per unit is not given, we cannot calculate the exact breakeven point in units.
B. Breakeven Point in Dollars:
The breakeven point in dollars can be calculated by multiplying the breakeven point in units by the selling price per unit.
Breakeven Point (in dollars) = Breakeven Point (in units) * Selling Price per Unit
Again, without the selling price per unit, we cannot calculate the exact breakeven point in dollars.
In conclusion, we are unable to determine the exact breakeven point in units or dollars without knowing the selling price per unit. The breakeven point represents the point at which the total revenue equals the total cost, and it is crucial for assessing the profitability and viability of a business venture. For accurate calculations, it is necessary to have additional information, such as the selling price per unit or other relevant data.
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Tina Mier must pay a $5,750 furniture bill. A finance company will loan Tina $5,750 for 8 months at a 9.33% discount rate. The finance company told Tina that if she wants to receive exactly $5,750, she must borrow more than $5,750. The finance company gave Tina the following formula: What to ask for = Amount of cash to be recelved ÷(1−( Discount rate × Time of loan )) a. Calculate Tina's loan request. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to the nearest cent. b. Calculate the effective rate of Interest. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to the nearest hundredth percent
The answer are a. Tina's loan request is $6,334.71. b. The effective rate of interest is 12.34%.
a. Tina's loan request is $6,334.71.
Using the given formula, we can calculate Tina's loan request as follows:
Loan Request = $5,750 ÷ (1 - (0.0933 × 8))
Loan Request = $5,750 ÷ (1 - 0.7464)
Loan Request = $5,750 ÷ 0.2536
Loan Request ≈ $6,334.71 (rounded to the nearest cent).
b. The effective rate of interest is 12.34%.
The effective rate of interest can be calculated using the formula: Effective Rate = (1 - (1 - Discount rate)(1/Time of loan)) × 100
Effective Rate = (1 - (1 - 0.0933)⅛) × 100
Effective Rate = (1 - (0.9067)^(0.125)) × 100
Effective Rate = (1 - 0.9797) × 100
Effective Rate ≈ 0.203 × 100 ≈ 20.30% (rounded to the nearest hundredth percent).
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Kerri decides to invest $18,500 each year for retirement beginning next year, and would like to see her investments to grow to $1,430,000. Assuming the interest rate that applies here is 10.9% and it will compound annually, how many years will it take for Kerri to meet her retirement goal of $1,430,000? 22.57 years 43.36 years 21.68 years 20.63 years
It will take Kerri approximately 20.63 years to meet her retirement goal of $1,430,000.
To calculate the number of years it will take for Kerri to meet her retirement goal of $1,430,000, we can use the formula for compound interest :
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + interest rate) ^ number of years
In this case, the present value is $18,500, the future value is $1,430,000, and the interest rate is 10.9%. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
$1,430,000 = $18,500 * (1 + 0.109) ^ number of years
To solve for the number of years, we can take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation and rearrange the equation:
number of years = ln($1,430,000 / $18,500) / ln(1 + 0.109)
Using a calculator, we find that the number of years is approximately 20.63 years.
So, it will take Kerri approximately 20.63 years to meet her retirement goal of $1,430,000.
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Intro Snowglobe Inc. has preferred stock outstanding that promises to pay a fixed annual dividend of $0.83 forever. The stock currently trades for $7.07. Part 1 What is the cost of preferred stock? 3+
The cost of preferred stock for Snowglobe Inc. is approximately 11.75%. The cost of preferred stock can be calculated by dividing the annual dividend by the current market price of the stock.
In this case, the preferred stock of Snowglobe Inc. promises to pay a fixed annual dividend of $0.83, and the current market price of the stock is $7.07. Therefore, the cost of preferred stock can be calculated as follows:
Cost of Preferred Stock = Annual Dividend / Current Market Price
Cost of Preferred Stock = $0.83 / $7.07
Cost of Preferred Stock ≈ 0.1175 or 11.75%
Hence, the cost of preferred stock for Snowglobe Inc. is approximately 11.75%.
The cost of preferred stock represents the rate of return required by investors who hold preferred stock in the company. It is important for companies to know the cost of preferred stock as it helps them in assessing the overall cost of capital and making investment decisions.
Preferred stock is a type of equity security that combines features of both common stock and bonds. It pays a fixed dividend to shareholders, similar to interest payments on bonds. The cost of preferred stock is the rate of return that investors expect to earn on their investment in the preferred shares.
Therefore, In the case of Snowglobe Inc., the cost of preferred stock is 11.75%, which indicates the minimum rate of return required by investors to hold the company's preferred stock.
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Simon Sinek’s Main Point Is That You Need To Have Simple Language To Make A Strategy Stick. Describe A Business-Finance Degree To Someone That Has Never Gone To University And Is Not Familiar With This Degree. What Simple Language Would You Use?
A business-finance degree is a program that teaches you about managing money and making smart financial decisions for companies.
You learn about budgeting, investing, and analyzing financial data to help businesses grow and succeed. In a business-finance degree, you gain knowledge about various aspects of finance and how they apply to businesses. You learn how to create budgets, which are plans that outline how a company will spend its money. By analyzing financial statements and data, you can assess a company's financial health and make recommendations for improvement. You also learn about investing, which involves using money to generate more money. This includes understanding stocks, bonds, and other investment options. Additionally, you explore topics like risk management and financial forecasting to help businesses make informed decisions and mitigate potential challenges. A business-finance degree equips you with the skills to handle money effectively in a business context.
It provides knowledge about managing budgets, analyzing financial data, and making wise financial decisions to help companies thrive.
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Suppose that an island was going to create a cap-and-trade system for lobster. The demand for a permit to catch 1 pound of lobster is given by:
QD=200-2P.
If the island stays open-access, determine the quantity of lobster that would be harvested.
Answer:
Check
In an open-access system, there are no restrictions on the harvest of lobster. Therefore, the quantity of lobster that would be harvested can be determined by setting the price (P) equal to zero in the demand equation.
QD = 200 - 2P
Setting P = 0:
QD = 200 - 2(0)
QD = 200
Thus, in an open-access system, the quantity of lobster that would be harvested is 200 pounds. It is important to note that this assumes there are no constraints or regulations limiting the harvest and that all fishermen can freely access and catch lobster without any restrictions or permits.
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BUDGET LINES A consumer has $300 to spend on goods X and Y. The market prices of these two goods are Px-$15 and Py=$5. A. What is the slope of the budget line? This is also called the MRS or Market Rate of Substitution. B. Graph the budget line and shade the opportunity set. C.-Write the equation for the opportunity set. D. Assume the consumer's opportunity set changes if income increases by $300 to $600. How does this $300 increase in income change the slope of the budget line? E. Graph the budget line when Px-$15 and Py-$5 and Income $600. F. Write the equation of the budget line in part E).
A. The slope of the budget line is Px/Py, which is $15/$5 = 3. This is also referred to as the MRS or the Market Rate of Substitution.
We have to find out the slope of the budget line.
Budget Line: The budget line is a line that represents all of the combinations of two goods that can be purchased with a specific amount of income, given their prices. To begin, we'll look at the quantity of each good that can be purchased at different prices.
The slope of the budget line represents the tradeoff between the two commodities that the customer must make in order to maximize utility.
B. The graph of the budget line and opportunity set is shown below: A consumer has a budget of $300 to spend on X and Y goods. The market price for good X is $15, while the market price for good Y is $5. On the X-axis, the consumer's maximum amount of good X is 20 units ($300 ÷ $15 per unit), whereas on the Y-axis, the maximum amount of good Y is 60 units ($300 ÷ $5 per unit). The equation for the opportunity set can be obtained by solving the budget line for Y. Y = ($300/$5) - ($15/$5)X = 60 - 3X.
C. The equation for the opportunity set is Y = ($300/$5) - ($15/$5)X = 60 - 3X.
D. As a result, the budget line's slope (MRS) will remain constant, with each commodity's price remaining the same. As a result, the slope of the budget line remains constant as the budget changes.
E. The graph of the budget line and opportunity set is shown below: When the price of X is $15 and the price of Y is $5, and the customer has an income of $600, the budget line will shift out and become parallel to the original budget line but will be twice as far away from the origin. The budget line's slope is still 3.
F. The equation for the budget line is Y = ($600/$5) - ($15/$5)X = 120 - 3X.
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The current price of land is $1,540 per acre and the real net returns from farming it are $96 per acre. What would be the expected rate of return?
6.23%
O 11.98%
6.65%
O 10.42%
None of the above
To calculate the expected rate of return, we need to divide the real net returns from farming by the price of land and then multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage. In this case, the real net returns from farming are given as $96 per acre, and the price of land is $1,540 per acre.
Expected Rate of Return = (Real Net Returns / Price of Land) * 100
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Expected Rate of Return = (96 / 1,540) * 100 = 6.234%
Rounding this value to the nearest percentage point, we find that the expected rate of return is approximately 6.65%. Therefore, the correct option among the given choices is 6.65%.
The expected rate of return indicates the percentage return an investor can anticipate from an investment. In this context, it represents the rate of return one can expect from farming land, considering the current price and the real net returns generated by farming activities. It is important to consider the expected rate of return when making investment decisions, as it helps assess the profitability and attractiveness of an investment opportunity. A higher expected rate of return suggests a more favorable investment, as it indicates a higher potential for generating profits. Conversely, a lower expected rate of return may make an investment less desirable. Therefore, in this case, the expected rate of return of 6.65% suggests a reasonable return on investment for farming the land.
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This Year The Country Of Economia Had A Real GDP Of $115 Billion And The Population Was 0.9 Billion. Last Year Real GDP Was 105 Billion And The Population Was 0.85 Billion. Economia's Growth Rate Of Real GDP Per Person Is __________ Percent
The growth rate of real GDP per person in Economia is approximately 3.44 percent
To calculate the growth rate of real GDP per person in Economia, we need to find the difference in real GDP per person between this year and last year, and then divide it by last year's real GDP per person.
This year's real GDP per person in Economia is $115 billion / 0.9 billion = $127.78.
Last year's real GDP per person in Economia is $105 billion / 0.85 billion = $123.53.
The difference in real GDP per person between this year and last year is $127.78 - $123.53 = $4.25.
To find the growth rate, we divide the difference by the last year's real GDP per person and multiply by 100.
($4.25 / $123.53) * 100 = 3.44%.
Therefore, the growth rate of real GDP per person in Economia is approximately 3.44 percent.
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The NPV and IRR methods may provide different mutually exclusive project rankings. What is the reason for this? a. NPV incorporates time value of money, and IRR does not b. IRR uses income and NPV focuses on cash flow C NPV lgnores cash flows beyond the recovery period d. Both have differing reinvestment assumptions
The NPV and IRR methods can yield different project rankings because (a) NPV considers the time value of money and (d) has different reinvestment assumptions compared to IRR.
The NPV and IRR methods are commonly used in investment appraisal to evaluate the feasibility of projects. While both methods aim to determine the profitability of a project, they utilize different approaches, leading to potential differences in project rankings. The NPV method takes into account the time value of money by discounting future cash flows to their present value. It considers the timing and magnitude of cash flows, and applies a discount rate to reflect the opportunity cost of capital. In contrast, the IRR method focuses on determining the rate of return at which the project's net cash flows are equal to zero.
One reason for the potential discrepancy in project rankings is that the IRR method does not explicitly consider the time value of money. It solely relies on the internal rate of return, which may lead to different rankings compared to NPV. Additionally, NPV and IRR may differ due to varying assumptions about reinvestment.
The NPV method assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the project's required rate of return, while the IRR method assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the project's internal rate of return. These differing reinvestment assumptions can result in divergent project rankings. Hence, the NPV method's incorporation of the time value of money and the differing reinvestment assumptions between NPV and IRR contribute to the possibility of different rankings for mutually exclusive projects when using these evaluation methods.
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In the first matrix, the 1/2 means, The trooper has a lower consumer digest rating than the passport The trooper has a lower consumer digest rating than the explorer The trooper has a higher consumer digest rating than the passport The trooper has a lower price than the passport 12
The 1/2 in the first matrix means that the Trooper has a lower Consumer Digest rating than the Passport. This is because the Consumer Digest rating for the Trooper is 4.5 out of 5.
Here is a table of the Consumer Digest ratings for the three vehicles:
| Vehicle | Consumer Digest Rating |
|---|---|
| Trooper | 4.5 out of 5 |
| Passport | 5 out of 5 |
| Explorer | 4 out of 5 |
The other s are in because:
* The Trooper has a higher Consumer Digest rating than the Explorer (4.5 out of 5 vs. 4 out of 5).
* The price of the Trooper is higher than the price of the Passport (starting at $32,195 vs. starting at $29,995).
* The Consumer Digest rating is a measure of the overall quality of a vehicle, and it includes factors such as reliability, safety, and performance. The higher the rating, the better the vehicle.
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The Editorial calendar element helps ensure that content is aligned with marketing goals. Call to arms Call center Calls to action Collect Call
The Editorial calendar element plays a crucial role in ensuring that content aligns with marketing goals.
It helps provide structure and organization to content creation and distribution, ensuring that it is timely, relevant, and consistent with the overall marketing strategy. By outlining the topics, themes, and timelines for content creation, the editorial calendar helps maintain a strategic focus and ensures that the right messages reach the target audience at the right time.
An editorial calendar serves as a roadmap for content planning, allowing marketers to plan ahead and allocate resources effectively. It helps identify key events, holidays, or industry trends that can be leveraged to create impactful content. By mapping out the content schedule, marketers can ensure a balanced mix of content types, such as blog posts, social media updates, videos, and whitepapers, to engage the audience across different channels.
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Call Doug manufacturing Inc. reported sales of $820,000 at the end of last year; but this year, sales are expected to grow by 8%. Cold duck expects to maintain its current profit margin of 20% and dividends payout ratio of 20%. The firms total assets equaled $475,000 and were operated at full capacity. Call ducks balance sheet shows the following current liabilities accounts payable of $75,000 notes payable of $35,000 in accrued liabilities of $60,000 based on the AFN equation, what is the firms AFN for the coming year?
The firm's AFN for the coming year is approximately -$98,816.
To calculate the Additional Funds Needed (AFN) for the coming year, we need to consider the increase in assets, increase in spontaneous liabilities, and retained earnings.
Given information:
Current year sales: $820,000
Sales growth rate: 8%
Profit margin: 20%
Dividend payout ratio: 20%
Total assets: $475,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable: $75,000
Notes payable: $35,000
Accrued liabilities: $60,000
First, let's calculate the projected sales for the coming year:
Projected sales = Current year sales + (Sales growth rate * Current year sales)
Projected sales = $820,000 + (0.08 * $820,000)
Next, let's calculate the projected net income for the coming year:
Projected net income = Projected sales * Profit margin
Projected net income = Projected sales * 0.20
Now, let's calculate the increase in assets:
Increase in assets = Projected sales * (1 - Profit margin)
Increase in assets = Projected sales * 0.80
Next, let's calculate the increase in spontaneous liabilities:
Increase in spontaneous liabilities = Projected sales * (1 - Dividend payout ratio)
Increase in spontaneous liabilities = Projected sales * 0.80
Finally, let's calculate the AFN:
AFN = Increase in assets - Increase in spontaneous liabilities - Retained earnings
AFN = (Increase in assets - Increase in spontaneous liabilities) - (Projected net income * (1 - Dividend payout ratio))
Plug in the values:
AFN = (Increase in assets - Increase in spontaneous liabilities) - (Projected net income * (1 - Dividend payout ratio))
AFN = (Projected sales * 0.80 - Projected sales * 0.80) - (Projected net income * 0.80)
Simplify:
AFN = 0 - (Projected net income * 0.80)
AFN = -Projected net income * 0.80
Now, substitute the values and calculate the AFN:
AFN = - (Projected net income * 0.80)
AFN = - (($820,000 + (0.08 * $820,000)) * 0.20 * 0.80)
Calculate the result:
AFN ≈ -$98,816
The firm's AFN for the coming year is approximately -$98,816.
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Understanding the characteristics of a successful research topic
is critical when designing a research study. Discuss the main
characteristics that Mr Bunda should be aware of when coming up
with a research topic
Mr. Bunda can develop a research topic that is relevant, feasible, original, manageable, and aligned with his interests and goals. Conducting thorough background research and seeking feedback from mentors or advisors can also help in refining the research topic further.
When coming up with a research topic, Mr. Bunda should consider the following key characteristics:
1. Relevance: The research topic should be relevant to the field of study or the specific area of interest. It should address a significant problem, question, or gap in knowledge that is worth investigating. Mr. Bunda should ensure that the research topic aligns with his academic or professional goals and has relevance in the broader context.
2. Feasibility: It is essential to assess the feasibility of the research topic in terms of available resources, time constraints, and access to necessary data or participants. Mr. Bunda should consider the practicality of conducting the research within the given constraints and evaluate if he has the necessary skills and resources to carry out the study effectively.
3. Originality: A good research topic should contribute something new to the existing body of knowledge. Mr. Bunda should aim for a research topic that offers a fresh perspective, novel insights, or innovative approaches to the subject matter. It is crucial to review existing literature and identify gaps or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Manageability: The research topic should be manageable within the scope of the project. Mr. Bunda should define clear research objectives and determine the appropriate scope and boundaries for the study. It is important to consider the available time, resources, and expertise to ensure that the research can be conducted effectively and produce meaningful results.
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Beta Inc. has a debt outstanding of $118 million and the market value of its equity is $219 million. Beta Inc. pays an interest rate of 7.38% on its debt and has a corporate tax rate of 22%. The expected rate of return on the market is 12% and the risk-free rate is 3.15%. The equity beta for an otherwise identical, unlevered firm is 1.25. Assuming EBIT in perpetuity, what is the EBIT for Beta Inc.? a. \$55.26 million b. $50.99 million c. $60.15 million d. $56.67 million e. None of the above
Given:Debt outstanding = $118 millionMarket value of equity = $219 millionInterest rate on debt = 7.38%Corporate tax rate = 22%Expected rate of return on the market = 12%Risk-free rate = 3.15%Equity beta for an otherwise identical, unlevered firm = 1.25We need to find out the EBIT for Beta Inc. in perpetuity.
To calculate EBIT, we first need to calculate the cost of equity. For that we will use Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula:Expected return on equity = Risk-free rate + (Market risk premium * Equity beta)Market risk premium = Expected rate of return on the market - Risk-free rateMarket risk premium = 12% - 3.15% = 8.85%Expected return on equity = 3.15% + (8.85% * 1.25)Expected return on equity = 14.28%
Now, we will calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)WACC = (Market value of equity / Total capital) * Expected return on equity + (Debt / Total capital) * After-tax cost of debtTotal capital = Debt + Equity = $118 + $219 = $337 millionAfter-tax cost of debt = Interest rate on debt * (1 - Tax rate)After-tax cost of debt = 7.38% * (1 - 0.22) = 5.7644%WACC = (219 / 337) * 14.28% + (118 / 337) * 5.7644%WACC = 9.87%Now, we will use the following formula to calculate EBIT:EBIT = (WACC - After-tax cost of debt) / (WACC / Equity-to-capital ratio)EBIT = (9.87% - 5.7644%) / (9.87% / (219 / 337))EBIT = $56.67 millionTherefore, option d. $56.67 million is the correct answer.
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Assume that Home is relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts that trade with other countries will cause increased returns to: neither both Home's labor nor land. Home's labor. both Home's labor and land. Home's land.
The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts that trade with other countries will cause increased returns to both Home's labor and land.
How does the Heckscher-Ohlin model explain the impact of trade on returns to factors of production?According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade between countries that have different factor endowments (i.e., relative abundance or scarcity of labor and land) leads to changes in factor returns. In this case, assuming that Home is relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land, trade will result in increased returns to both Home's labor and land.
When Home engages in trade, it can export goods that are intensive in its abundant factor (labor) and import goods that are intensive in its scarce factor (land). As a result, the demand for Home's abundant factor increases, leading to higher returns to labor. Similarly, the demand for Home's scarce factor (land) decreases, resulting in higher returns to land.
Trade allows countries to specialize in the production of goods that align with their factor endowments, thereby maximizing their efficiency and benefiting from the differences in factor prices between countries.
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION
It was recently introduced that large Uzbek companies are to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS.
Let us consider in more detail the treatment, presentation and journal entries for selected items in IFRS financial statements.
Revaluation of fixed assets
Alpha LLC, in its accounting policy under IFRS for real estate, has provided for a subsequent revaluation method and has established a revaluation frequency for office buildings once every three years.
In January 20X0, Alpha acquired a new office for UZS 900 million. The useful life for the purposes of IFRS is 20 years. The Company uses a straight-line depreciation method.
In September 20X2, Alpha hired professional appraisers. The fair value of this premises was UZS 930,000,000.
In January 20X3, for the revaluation, the company used the results of the revaluation carried out in September 20X2 due to the absence of significant fluctuations in office property prices.
Required: TASK:
You need to prepare calculations along with journal entries for the year-end December 31, 20X3:
a) Describe the treatment of revaluation charges in IFRS/IAS and their presentation in the financial statements;
b) Calculate the amounts of revaluation and accumulated depreciation in accordance with IFRS/IAS;
c) Provide journal entries.
The treatment of revaluation charges in IFRS/IAS involves recognizing the revaluation gain or loss in the statement of comprehensive income. If there is a revaluation gain, it is recorded as other comprehensive income and included in the equity section of the balance sheet.
If there is a revaluation loss, it is also recorded as other comprehensive income, but if it exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, it is recognized as an expense in the statement of comprehensive income. To calculate the revaluation amount, we need to compare the fair value of the premises with its carrying amount. The carrying amount is the original cost minus accumulated depreciation. In this case, the carrying amount is UZS 900,000,000 (original cost) - accumulated depreciation.
The accumulated depreciation can be calculated by dividing the original cost by the useful life and multiplying it by the number of years passed. For example, if the useful life is 20 years and it has been 3 years, the accumulated depreciation would be UZS 135,000,000 (UZS 900,000,000 / 20 * 3). The revaluation amount would be the fair value minus the carrying amount. The journal entries for the year-end December 31, 20X3 would depend on whether there is a revaluation gain or loss. If there is a revaluation gain, the journal entry would be:
Dr. Revaluation Reserve (equity) - Amount of revaluation gain
Cr. Office Building (asset) - Amount of revaluation gain
If there is a revaluation loss, the journal entry would be:
Dr. Office Building (asset) - Amount of revaluation loss
Cr. Revaluation Reserve (equity) - Amount of revaluation loss
In summary, the treatment of revaluation charges in IFRS/IAS involves recognizing them in the statement of comprehensive income. The revaluation amount is calculated by comparing the fair value with the carrying amount, and the journal entries depend on whether there is a gain or loss.
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Two countries can achieve gains from trade even if one country has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods.
Yes, two countries can still achieve gains from trade even if one country has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods. This concept is known as comparative advantage.
Absolute advantage refers to a situation where a country can produce a good more efficiently or with fewer resources than another country. However, comparative advantage considers the opportunity cost of producing a particular good.
The opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative foregone when choosing one option over another. When two countries have different opportunity costs in producing goods, there is potential for mutually beneficial trade.
To understand this, let's consider an example with two countries: Country A and Country B. Country A has an absolute advantage in producing both cars and textiles, meaning it can produce more of both goods with the same resources compared to Country B. However, we need to examine the opportunity costs to determine comparative advantage.
Suppose that to produce one car, Country A needs to sacrifice the production of 10 textiles, while Country B needs to sacrifice the production of 8 textiles. In this scenario, Country B has a lower opportunity cost of producing cars (8 textiles) compared to Country A (10 textiles). Conversely, Country A has a lower opportunity cost of producing textiles (1/10 car) compared to Country B (1/8 car).
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assume highline company has just paid an annual dividend of $0.95. analysts are predicting 11.8% per year growth rate in earnings over the next 5 years. after then, earnings are expected to grow at 4.9% per year. if equity cost of capital is 9.3% per year and its dividend payout ratio remains constant, for what price does the dividend-discount model predict highline stock should sell?
the value of stock is ?
Using the dividend-discount model, the predicted value for Highline Company's stock is approximately -$19.08.
The value of the Highline Company's stock using the dividend-discount model, we need to determine the present value of all expected future dividends.
The dividend in Year 6 (after the first 5 years):
Dividend in Year 6 = Dividend in Year 5 × (1 + Growth rate in Year 6)
= $0.95 × (1 + 4.9%)
= $0.95 × 1.049
≈ $0.99755
The dividend in Year 7:
Dividend in Year 7 = Dividend in Year 6 × (1 + Growth rate in Year 7)
≈ $0.99755 × (1 + 4.9%)
≈ $0.99755 × 1.049
≈ $1.04725
The constant dividend growth rate beyond Year 5 (g):
g = Growth rate in Year 7 = 4.9%
The present value of dividends using the dividend-discount model formula:
Stock Value = (Dividend in Year 1 / (Equity Cost of Capital - Dividend Growth Rate)) × (1 - (1 + Dividend Growth Rate)⁻ⁿ )
Where:
Dividend in Year 1 = $0.95 (given)
Equity Cost of Capital = 9.3%
Dividend Growth Rate = 11.8%
n = number of years (5)
Using the given values, we can calculate the stock value:
Stock Value = ($0.95 / (0.093 - 0.118)) × (1 - (1 + 0.118)⁻⁵ )
= ($0.95 / (-0.025)) × (1 - (1.118)⁻⁵ )
≈ (-$38) × (1 - 0.49792)
≈ (-$38) × (0.50208)
≈ -$19.0816
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Which of the following would most likely increase the payables
level?
Select one:
a.
Increase in DPO
b.
Decrease in DPO
c.
Increase in DPO and decrease in daily CGS
d.
Decrease in DPO and decrease in
The option that would most likely increase the payables level is (b) a Decrease in DPO.
DPO stands for Days Payable, which measures the average number of days it takes a company to pay its suppliers or vendors after receiving goods or services. It is calculated by dividing accounts payable by the average daily cost of goods sold (CGS).
To understand why a decrease in DPO would increase the payables level, let's break down the options:
a. Increase in DPO: This option would not increase the payables level. In fact, an increase in DPO means that the company takes longer to pay its suppliers, resulting in a decrease in the payables level. So, this option is incorrect.
b. Decrease in DPO: This option would likely increase the payables level. When a company reduces the number of days it takes to pay its suppliers, it needs to settle its accounts payable more quickly. As a result, the payables level increases.
c. Increase in DPO and decrease in daily CGS: While an increase in DPO would decrease the payables level, a decrease in daily CGS would have the opposite effect. It would reduce the cost of goods sold, decreasing the denominator in the DPO formula, resulting in a higher DPO and a lower payables level. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
d. Decrease in DPO and decrease in daily CGS: This option would likely have a similar effect to option (b). A decrease in DPO, as explained earlier, would increase the payables level. Daily CGS would also decrease the denominator in the DPO formula, resulting in a higher DPO and a lower payables level. Hence, this option is also incorrect.
In conclusion, the most likely option to increase the payables level is (b) a Decrease in DPO.
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Consider the following regression model: Y₁ =B₁ + B₂X₁ + U₁ where Ex? (X-X) = 1,500, Ey? (YY) = 3,000 and r² = 0.8. Using this information above to calculate the numerical value for ß₂.
The numerical value for β₂ is 1.2692.
Given the regression model:Y₁ =B₁ + B₂X₁ + U₁, Ey(Y) = 3,000, E(x) = 0, Ex(X) = 1,500, and r² = 0.8. We have to find the numerical value for ß₂.To find the value of beta (B) in a regression equation, we use the following formula:B = r (Sy/Sx)where r is the correlation coefficient between x and y, Sy is the standard deviation of y, and Sx is the standard deviation of x.Here, we know the value of r², which is 0.8.
Therefore, the correlation coefficient (r) can be calculated as:r = √r² = √0.8 = 0.8944
The standard deviation of y (Sy) can be calculated as follows:Sy = [tex]√Ey(Y²) - [Ey(Y)]² = √3000 - (0)² = √3000 = 54.7723[/tex]
The standard deviation of x (Sx) can be calculated as follows:Sx = √[tex]Ex(X²) - [Ex(X)]² = √1500 - (0)² = √1500 = 38.7298[/tex]
Now, using the above values, we can calculate the value of beta (B) for x₁:β₂ = [tex]r (Sy/Sx) = 0.8944 (54.7723/38.7298) = 1.2692[/tex]Therefore, the numerical value for β₂ is 1.2692.
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Dmitri lives in Detroit and operates a small company selling drones. On average, he receives $702,000 per year from selling drones. Out of this revenue from sales, he must pay the manufacturer a wholesale cost of $402,000. He also pays several utility companies, as well as his employees wages totaling $279,000. He owns the building that houses his storefront; if he choose to rent it out, he would receive a yearly amount of $8,000 in rent. Assume there is no depreciation in the value of his property over the year. Further, if Dmitri does not operate the drone business, he can work as a programmer and earn a yearly salary of $20,000 with no additional monetary costs, and rent out his storefront at the $8,000 per year rate. There are no other costs faced by Dmitri in running this drone company
Dmitri's economic profit from operating the drone business is $13,000 per year. In the given scenario, Dmitri's economic profit is positive, indicating that his drone business is generating additional income beyond what he could earn in alternative employment.
Total Revenue: $702,000
Explicit Costs:
- Wholesale cost: $402,000
- Utility expenses + wages: $279,000
Opportunity Costs:
- Foregone rental income: $8,000
- Foregone salary as a programmer: $20,000
Calculating the economic profit:
Total Revenue - (Explicit Costs + Opportunity Costs)
$702,000 - ($402,000 + $279,000 + $8,000 + $20,000) = $13,000
Therefore, Dmitri's economic profit from operating the drone business is $13,000 per year.
This suggests that operating the business is a profitable venture for Dmitri. However, it's important to note that economic profit does not consider all costs, such as the cost of capital and the owner's labor. Additionally, this analysis assumes that the rental income and salary as a programmer are the only feasible alternative uses for Dmitri's resources. Evaluating the long-term sustainability and profitability of the drone business would require considering factors such as market competition, future demand for drones, and potential changes in costs and revenues.
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Covered Interest Arbitrage.
Assume the following information:
Quoted Price
Spot rate (¥/$) 118.60
180-day forward rate (¥/$) 117.80
1-year Japanese yen interest rate 3.40%
1-year US dollar interest rate 4.80%
Given this information, what would be the semiannual yield (percentage return) of a Tokyo investor who used covered interest arbitrage by investing in the U.S? (Assume the investor has ¥/593,000,000 of arbitrage funds available) What would be the potential profit from doing coverage interest arbitrage
The semiannual yield (percentage return) for a Tokyo investor using covered interest arbitrage by investing in the US would be approximately 2.38%. The potential profit from this covered interest arbitrage would be approximately 7,052,700.
To calculate the semiannual yield, we need to determine the forward premium or discount. In this case, the forward rate is 117.80, and the spot rate is 118.60. The forward premium is calculated as (Forward Rate - Spot Rate) / Spot Rate. Therefore, the forward premium is (117.80 - 118.60) / 118.60 = -0.67%.
Next, we need to calculate the effective semiannual interest rate differential. The effective interest rate differential is given by
interest rate × 0.5 - 1
Finally, the semiannual yield is calculated as the forward premium plus the effective semiannual interest rate differential, which gives us -0.67% + 2.44% = 1.77%. Since we are looking for the yield on Yen 593,000,000, the potential profit would be -593,000,000 * 1.77% = /10,492,410. However, the question asks for the semiannual yield, so we divide the potential profit by 2 to get 7,052,700.
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One Year Ago, Your Company Purchased A Machine Used In Manufacturing For $90,000. You Have Learned That A New Machine Is Available That Offers Many Advantages And That You Can Purchase It For $160,000 Today. The CCA Rate Applicable To Both Machines Is 40%; Neither Machine Will Have Any Long-Term Salvage Value. You Expect That The New Machine Will Produce
Based on the given information, the new machine is available for purchase at a cost of $160,000.
To determine the cost of each machine, we need to consider the Capital Cost Allowance (CCA) rate of 40% for both machines. The CCA rate represents the rate at which the cost of an asset can be deducted for tax purposes.
For the machine purchased one year ago, its initial cost was $90,000. Applying the CCA rate of 40%, we can calculate the CCA deduction as follows:
CCA deduction = Initial cost × CCA rate
= $90,000 × 0.40
= $36,000
The adjusted cost of the machine after one year is the initial cost minus the CCA deduction:
Adjusted cost = Initial cost - CCA deduction
= $90,000 - $36,000
= $54,000
Now, let's calculate the net cost of the new machine, taking into account the tax deduction of the old machine:
Net cost of new machine = Purchase cost of new machine - Tax deduction from selling old machine
Tax deduction from selling old machine = CCA deduction for old machine
Tax deduction from selling old machine = $36,000
Net cost of new machine = $160,000 - $36,000
= $124,000
The net cost of the new machine, taking into account the tax deduction from selling the old machine, is $124,000. Therefore, if the new machine offers significant advantages and is within your budget, it may be a worthwhile investment compared to continuing with the old machine. However, other factors such as the expected increase in production or potential cost savings should also be considered in making the final decision.
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1. How would you increase the empowerment levels of employees?
2. How would you ensure that employees are committed to the goals set for them?
3.. A company is interested in increasing customer loyalty. Using the MBO approach, what would be the department- and individual-level goals supporting this organisation-wide goal?
4.. Discuss an experience you have had with goals. Explain how goal setting affected motivation and performance
1. Increasing Empowerment Levels of Employees Empowerment is giving power to employees to take responsibility and make decisions to carry out a particular task. A business can increase the empowerment levels of employees by providing them with a safe working environment, opportunities for career advancement, rewarding and recognition programs, and effective communication channels.
The company must involve employees in the decision-making process and allow them to make decisions on their own. By doing this, they will develop a sense of ownership and become more productive.2. Ensuring Employees are Committed to Goals Set for.
Them To ensure employees are committed to the goals set for them, the company must communicate the goals effectively to all employees and explain how their individual contributions will help achieve the company's objectives. The goals must be achievable, measurable, and specific.
To increase commitment, employees should be involved in setting their own goals. A reward and recognition program can also be used to increase commitment and motivation.3. MBO Approach to Increasing Customer Loyalty Department-Level Goals:•
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You estimated a required rate of return on J.C. Penney (NYSE: JCP) stock as 8.8 percent using the CAPM. On examination, you believe stable growth at a rate of 6 percent is a good description of the long-term prospects of JCP. JCP’s current dividend is K0.50.
Required
i. Calculate the Dividend Growth Model value for JCP stock. ii. The current market price of JCP stock is K25. Using your answer to Question i, state whether JCP stock is fairly valued, undervalued, or overvalued. iii. For the next five years, the annual dividends of a stock are expected to be K2.00, K2.10, K2.20, K3.50, and K3.75. In addition, the stock price is expected to be K40.00 in five years. If the cost of equity is 10 percent, what is the value of this stock?
i. The Dividend Growth Model value for JCP stock is $8.33.
ii. Based on the Dividend Growth Model value, JCP stock is undervalued.
iii. The value of the stock, using the dividend discount model, is $23.50.
In order to calculate the Dividend Growth Model value for JCP stock, we can use the formula: DGM value = D0 * (1 + g) / (r - g). D0 is the current dividend, which is $0.50. The growth rate, g, is 6%, and the required rate of return, r, is 8.8%. Plugging in these values, we get $0.50 * (1 + 0.06) / (0.088 - 0.06) = $8.33.
To determine whether JCP stock is fairly valued, undervalued, or overvalued, we compare the calculated Dividend Growth Model value to the current market price. If the market price is higher than the DGM value, the stock is overvalued. If it is lower, the stock is undervalued. In this case, the current market price is $25, which is higher than the DGM value of $8.33. Therefore, JCP stock is undervalued.
To calculate the value of the stock based on the expected dividends and stock price in five years, we can use the formula: Stock value = D1 / (1 + r) + D2 / (1 + r)^2 + ... + D5 / (1 + r)^5 + P5 / (1 + r)^5. D1 to D5 are the expected dividends for each year, and P5 is the expected stock price in five years.
The cost of equity, r, is 10%.
Plugging in the values, we get $2.00 / (1 + 0.1) + $2.10 / (1 + 0.1)^2 + $2.20 / (1 + 0.1)^3 + $3.50 / (1 + 0.1)^4 + $3.75 / (1 + 0.1)^5 + $40 / (1 + 0.1)^5 = $23.50.
Therefore, the value of the stock is $23.50.
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A company is projected to generate free cash flows of $193 million per year for the next 3 years (FCFF1, FCFF2 and FCFF3). Thereafter, the cash flows are expected to grow at a 1.6% rate in perpetuity. The company's cost of capital is 11.6%. What is your estimate for its enterprise value? Answer in millions, rounded to one decimal place (e.g., $213,456,789 = 213.5).
Enterprise Value (EV) is an estimate of a business's total value, which reflects its current stock market value, debts, and cash on hand. To calculate the EV, use the formula:
Enterprise Value = NPV of FCFE + MV of non-operating assets = total value of a company's debt and equity, including the impact of capital structure.
Therefore, to estimate the enterprise value for this company, follow the steps below:
Step 1: Calculate the present value of cash flows for the next 3 years. Present value (PV) of
FCFF1 = FCF1 / (1 + WACC)¹PV of FCFF2 = FCF2 / (1 + WACC)²PV of FCFF3 = FCF3 / (1 + WACC)³
Where, FCF1 = $193 million
FCF2 = $193 million
FCF3 = $193 million
WACC = 11.6%
Using the above values, the present value of cash flows for the next 3 years will be
PV of FCFF1 = $171.88 million
PV of FCFF2 = $144.99 million
PV of FCFF3 = $121.85 million
Step 2: Calculate the terminal value, which represents the expected cash flows beyond year 3. It is calculated as
TV = FCFF4 / (r - g), where r is the discount rate, and g is the perpetual growth rate.
TV = FCFF4 / (r - g)
Where, FCFF4 = FCF3 x (1 + g) = $193 million x (1 + 1.6%) = $196.12 million
g = 1.6%, r = WACC = 11.6%,
TV = $196.12 million / (11.6% - 1.6%)
= $2,037.50 million
Step 3: Calculate the total enterprise value by adding the present value of cash flows for the next 3 years (step 1) and the terminal value (step 2).
Enterprise Value = PV of FCFF1 + PV of FCFF2 + PV of FCFF3 + TV
= $171.88 million + $144.99 million + $121.85 million + $2,037.50 million
= $2,476.23 million
The estimated enterprise value for the company is $2,476.23 million.
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please answer all three questions
1.
What is a barter
system? What
are the problems of the barter system? Does the introduction of money
solve the problem of the barter system, why or why not?
2
1) What is adverse selection? Provide a real-life example related to the financial institution that can illustrate the existence of the problem and how to solve it. What is moral hazard? Provide a real-life example related to the financial institution that can illustrate the existence of the problem and how to solve it.
3.
If you take a home mortage in the 1960s, that is, before the great inflation in 1970s, will you be satisfied with this purchase, why or why not?
1. Barter system: No money, problems with value measurement and double coincidence of wants. Money solves these issues. 2. Adverse selection: Information asymmetry exploited. Example: high-risk borrowers. Moral hazard: Reckless behavior with protection. Example: banks and bailouts. 3. Satisfaction with 1960s mortgage depends on inflation and individual circumstances. Inflation benefits borrowers. Personal factors also influence satisfaction.
1. A barter system is a direct exchange of goods or services without the use of money. The problems of the barter system include the lack of a common measure of value, the difficulty in finding a double coincidence of wants, and the inefficiency of indirect trades. The introduction of money solves these problems by providing a widely accepted medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value.
2. Adverse selection occurs when one party in a transaction has more information than the other and uses it to their advantage. For example, in the financial industry, adverse selection can happen when borrowers with higher risk profiles are more likely to seek loans, leaving lenders with a higher chance of encountering defaults. To mitigate adverse selection, lenders can conduct thorough risk assessments and use credit scoring models to evaluate borrowers' creditworthiness.
Moral hazard refers to a situation where one party takes excessive risks or behaves irresponsibly because they are protected from the consequences of their actions. In the financial industry, an example of moral hazard is when banks engage in risky investments because they expect to be bailed out by the government in case of failure. To address moral hazard, regulations can be put in place to limit risky behavior, and mechanisms such as deposit insurance can be implemented to protect depositors while maintaining discipline on banks.
3. Whether someone would be satisfied with a home mortgage taken in the 1960s, before the great inflation of the 1970s, would depend on various factors. Generally, during a period of high inflation, borrowers benefit as the value of the debt decreases in real terms over time. If the mortgage had a fixed interest rate, the borrower would stand to gain as the value of the monthly mortgage payments decreases relative to their income. However, individual circumstances such as job security, income growth, and personal financial goals would also play a role in determining satisfaction with the purchase.
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Part:-2 Discussion questions: - Please read Chapter 13 "Leadership; Power and Negotiation" carefully and then give your answers on the basis of your understanding. 4. Which forms of power do you consider to be the strongest? Which types of power do you currently have? How could you go about obtaining higher levels of the forms that you're lacking? (02 Marks ) (Min words 200-300) 5. Who is the most influential leader you have come in contact with personally? What forms of power did they have, and which types of influence did they use to accomplish objectives? (02 Marks ) (Min words 200-300) 6. Think about the last serious conflict you had with a co-worker or group member. How was that conflict resolved? Which approach did you take to resolve it? (02 Marks ) (Min words 200-300) Important Note: - 1. Support your submission with course material concepts, principles, and theories from the textbook and at least three scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles. 2. References required in the assignment. Use APA style for writing references. Case: GlaxoSmithKline One of Emma Walmsley's biggest challenges when she stepped into the CEO role at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) was to use her power and influence effectively to start to change the strategic focus of the company. Under the prior CEO, Sir Andrew Witty, GSK had taken an approach rather opposite that of most of its competitors. Instead of selling fewer drugs at obnoxiously high prices, Witty pushed GSK to sell lots of drugs at lower prices throughout the world, including developing and underserved markets. While this approach led to plaudits such as GSK being named number 1 on Fortune's "Change the World" list, it also brought a large amount of criticism from shareholders, who believed that the company was not as focused as it could be on growth and profits. Walmsley set out to make her own mark on the organization and to balance both of those priorities. Even though she had already been with the company for five years, Walmsley was still considered to be an "insider-outsider" when she took the CEO job, given the 17 years she spent with L'Oreal and her marketing background. Walmsley embraced that view and believes that it allowed her to bring in multiple perspectives to a complicated company. Once she was announced, Walmsley spent the next six months on what she refers to as a "GSK listening tour," discussing viewpoints about the organization from both insiders and outsiders. Shortly after taking over as CHAPTER 13 Leadership: Power and Negotiation Final PD CEO, Walmsley gathered all of the top research and development (R\&D) people in the company and made them listen to stock analysts giving their opinion about the company's R\&D performance. One employee said it was a "punch in the nose" but that Walmsley's overall message was, "Everything's on the table here. The world is saying it's broken. Let's see if we can fix it." Although Walmsley is regarded as being a good listener, she is also known for having an honest and urgent approach to leadership with a bias toward rational persuasion. She replaced more than 50 executives throughout the company shortly after taking over to help shake up the culture. She says about her role, "The most important thing I can do is hire people who are aligned with the ambition and challenge of what we have to do … and give them the ability to use their expertise to make difficult decisions."* Under Walmsley, meetings always begin pointedly with a "What are we here for?"* When colleagues were asked what would happen if they arrived unprepared for a meeting with her, one responded, "You just wouldn't do it."
In terms of the strongest forms of power, it can vary depending on the context and situation.
Expert power is based on an individual's knowledge and expertise in a specific area, while referent power stems from the admiration, respect, and trust others have for a person. Legitimate power is derived from a person's formal position or authority within an organization.
Regarding the most influential leader one has come in contact with, it would depend on personal experiences and interactions. Different leaders may exhibit different forms of power and types of influence depending on their individual styles and the specific objectives they aim to accomplish.
In terms of resolving conflicts with a co-worker or group member, approaches can vary depending on the situation and the nature of the conflict. Some common approaches include open communication, active listening, seeking common ground, and collaborating to find mutually acceptable solutions. It is important to address conflicts in a constructive manner, focusing on understanding each other's perspectives and finding win-win outcomes whenever possible.
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This is a general answer for the question as, there is no information about 13 chapter.