As you walk down the hall on the way to class, several students sneeze. You unknowingly inhale some of the droplets
that were expelled when they sneezed, allowing the flu virus to enter your body. Explain the nonspecific immune
defenses that the virus must bypass in order to infect a body cell. (5 points)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The innate or nonspecific immune system includes two lines of defense in the human body. Non-specific means that it does not act on the specific pathogen. It works equally to keep all types of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites et cetera out of the body. The first line of defense includes physical barrier which prevents the entry of pathogens into the body. It includes skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, cilia, nasopharynx, eyelashes, and body hairs. 

The second line of defense includes anti-inflammatory responses, fever, and nonspecific cellular responses such as phagocytes, macrophages, complement system et cetera. Thus, the virus has to pass physical, chemical, and nonspecific cellular responses of the body in order to infect the body. 

Explanation: I found this answer on a different site and it was right, no need to thanks me, no problem

Answer 2

The antiviral defense is composed of changes in cells that prevent viral replication and increase susceptibility to death by lymphocytes.

What innate defense mechanism against viruses?

Viral replication interferes with protein synthesis and cell function and leads to injury and death of the infected cell. The main mechanisms of innate immunity against viruses are inhibition of type I interferon infection and NK cell-mediated destruction of infected cells.

With this information, we can conclude that the antiviral defense is composed of alterations in the cells that prevent viral replication and increase the susceptibility to death by lymphocytes, thus eliminating the reservoirs of viral infection.

Learn more about  viral infection in brainly.com/question/3613320


Related Questions

Animals are also victons of inhumane Forming methods. Explain the three ways how they get affected ​

Answers

Answer:
Cattle’s are fattened up and kept in horrible living conditions. Chickens often have half their beak removed because of the crowded living conditions. Pigs are kept in such horrible living conditions that they’re already dying before getting slaughtered.


Explanation:

Chickens are kept in such crowed condition that half of their beaks are removed lest they peck each other to death. Cattle are fattened up in feedlots where they are kept in crowed and filthy conditions; often their feet are rotting before they get to slaughter. Pigs too are kept overcrowded and in cages. Factory farming is NOT your grandfather’s farming methods, and those of us who object to it are not sentimental fools, as one writer here would have you believe. The animals are really abused. They are so crowded many of them would die if they were not routinely given antibiotics in their food, which why we have so many antibiotic resistant bacteria these days. Not every farmer keeps animals this way. If you like eating meat, milk, and eggs, it is possible to find them raised in healthy, humane, and sustainable ways. The products will be more expensive, but are usually tastier and of better quality. The worst abusers are surprise the big corporations pushing for profit at any cost.

Why is it impossible to go to the past? ​

Answers

Answer:

The bending of space-time causes objects to move on a curved path and that curvature of space is what we know as gravity. Mathematically one can go backwards or forwards in the three spatial dimensions. But time doesn't share this multi-directional freedom.

Explanation:

I hope U like my answer and my answer helped U....

What's Saprophytism?​

Answers

Answer:

Definition (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saprophytism) Saprotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of dead or decayed organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs or heterotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi, for example Mucor and Rhizopus. (

Explanation:

Answer:

Saprophytism occurs in fungi and bacteria known as saprophytes.They obtain organic foods from dead organisms.They digest the complex organic food outside their bodies and absorb the simple organic substances produced.

Explanation:

I hope this helps.

WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHETIC?
itzurqueen001

Answers

Answer:

Photosynthesis the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

...........

Each unique element is determined by the number of ___ occurring in the atom.

Answers

Answer:

Neutral atoms of each element contain an equal number of protons and electrons. The number of protons determines an element's atomic number and is used to distinguish one element from another.

Each element's neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons.

Based on graph 1, do you think the changes in solar intensity are a significant cause of the trend in global temperatures? Why or why not?

Answers

Answer:

Changes in solar intensity do not seem to contribute to the change in global temperatures. If they did, the temperatures would rise and fall with the Sun's energy. Instead, the global temperatures continue to rise despite the Sun's natural fluctuations.

Explanation:

Human activity is the main cause of climate change. People burn fossil fuels and convert land from forests to agriculture. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, people have burned more and more fossil fuels and changed vast areas of land from forests to farmland.

No, because the increase in temperature on earth is mainly related to global warming generated by the release of greenhouse gases and the release of CO2 into the atmosphere.

Explanation:

It is by action of man not because of the solar intensity

The principle of do no harm or __________ is a primary moral consideration when addressing reproductive technologies.

Answers

that would be called do no harm or “foul”

Could possible tiny genetic differences in DNA effect the average intelligence of people in other countries?

Answers

These studies suggest that genetic factors underlie about 50 percent of the difference in intelligence among individuals. ... It is likely that a large number of genes are involved, each of which makes only a small contribution to a person's intelligence. Intelligence is also strongl

Can someone help please I’m almost done with summer school

Answers

Answer:

its B. I had this as a question and its B

The roots of a plant grow towards a source of ground water true or false

Answers

Answer:

True.

If it worng, then sorry.

Hope it helps you.

What would this chromosomal combination result in?

Answers

I’m not sure but I think this is a division of mitosis in the telophase stage

this type of tissue has excellent ability to regenerate contains many nerve but has no blood supply

Answers

Answer:

there u go

Explanation:

As living beings that encounter every kind of traumatic event from paper cut to myocardial infarction, we must possess ways to heal damaged tissues. While some animals are able to regrow complete body parts following injury (such as the earthworm who grows a new head following bisection), humans are sadly incapable of such feats. Our means of recovery following tissue damage consists largely of repair rather than pure regeneration. Thousands of times in our lives, a meticulously scripted but unseen wound healing drama plays, with cells serving as actors, extracellular matrix as the setting and growth factors as the means of communication. This article briefly reviews the cells involved in tissue repair, their signaling and proliferation mechanisms and the function of the extracellular matrix, then presents the actors and script for the three acts of the tissue repair drama.

Key words: tissue repair, regeneration, scarring, wound healing, growth factors, extracellular matrix, stem cells

plsss helppppppppppp

Answers

I believe that the answer you are looking for is letter D, 11.0 grams/milliliter.

Solution/Explanation:

Writing out the formula for the density, using mass and volume,

D=m/v

Substituting the given values of the variables,

D=33.0 grams/3.0 milliliters

33÷3=11.

So, therefore the final answer is the letter D, 11.0 grams/milliliter.

I hope that this has helped you. Enjoy your day, and take care.  

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Which one of the following aspects is an exclusive characteristic of living things? (A) Isolated metabolic reactions occur in vitro. (B) Increase in mass from inside only. (C) Perception of events happening in the environment and their memory. (D) Increase in mass by accumulation of material both on surface as well as internally​

Answers

Answer:

Option C Precipitation of events happening in the environment and their memory.

Explanation:

This phenomenon is called as consciousness or irritability. Increase in mass could be seen in nonliving things as well such as in the crystal.

What does the term "environment" describe?
The air, water, and land where something lives
O The physical space that matter takes up
O How quickly things grow
O The type of nutrients needed in soil

Answers

Answer:

The air, water, and land where something lives

Explanation:

Answer:

The air, water, and land where something lives

Explanation:

Environment is described as the surroundings and/or the conditions in which a living organism lives.

hope this helps! if you have any questions, let me know!

What can happen to solar radiation when it enters Earth’s atmosphere?

It is increased as it hits the clouds.
It is absorbed or reflected as it travels to Earth’s surface.
It is changed into visible light.
It is destroyed by the water molecules in the atmosphere.

Answers

Solar radiation is absorbed or reflected as it travels to the earth's surface.

Solar Radiation

When solar radiation enters the earth's atmosphere, the rays travel and hit the ground.

Some of the rays are absorbed by the ground while the rest are reflected back to the atmosphere.

Some of the reflected rays are absorbed by a layer of gas (greenhouse gases) that forms a blanket in the atmosphere while a tiny portion returns back into space.

More on solar radiation can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/21314417

Answer:

Solar radiation is absorbed or reflected as it travels to the earth's surface.

Explanation:

Complete the table by placing an x in the columns to deacribe each gas. more than one term can be used to describe each gas

Answers

Answer

N

O

C & O

Ar

H & O

Explanation

In order for cells to function normally, they need to be in a(n) ____ solution.

hypotonic

isotonic

hypertonic

Cells should not be placed in solution.

Answers

Answer:

All living cells need energy to function in order for the chemical reactions occurring in the cells to take place. In humans this energy is obtained by breaking down organic molecules such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Answer:

isotonic

Explanation:

In biology, some cells must be maintained in an isotonic solution to support cellular functions

Jamal observes a plant that is growing on his front porch. after a storm the plant fell over and it began to grow up and away from the ground.
The change in the plant's growth is evidence that the plant is living because

A.) the change is evidence of the plant's DNA

B.) the change is evidence that the plant will reproduce

C.) the change is evidence that the plant is organized

D.) the change is evidence of responding to stimulus

Answers

The answer is d because it is responding to the sun, water

By performing photosynthesis, plants create everything they need to build all biomolecules. Is
this true? Why or why not? (1 point)
This is true because photosynthesis produces glucose, and plants only need
sugars, not amino acids or fatty acids.
This is not true because plants need to sequester nitrogen from the soil to
build amino acids.
This is true because photosynthesis produces glucose, which has carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen-the building blocks for all biomolecules.
This is not true because plants need to perform cellular respiration to break
down the glucose into carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answers

Answer:

This is not true because plants need to sequester nitrogen from the soil to build amino acids.

Explanation:

This is the answer i got on my quiz

This IS NOT TRUE because plants need to sequester nitrogen from the soil to build amino acids.

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) are building blocks of carbohydrates.

Plants must obtain Nitrogen from the soil, as well as phosphorous (P) and sulfur compounds (among other critical compounds), to sustain life.

For example, DNA and proteins, which are critical biomolecules to sustain life, are composed of Nitrogen (N).

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

In conclusion, the statement above IS NOT true because plants need to obtain Nitrogen from the soil to build amino acids.

Learn more in:

https://brainly.com/question/1988374?referrer=searchResults

True or false: The scientific method is a cycle. If your experiment does not support your hypothesis, you should change your hypothesis and try again.

Answers

i think it is true

Explanation:

In most cases, the scientific method is an iterative process. In other words, it's a cycle rather than a straight line. The result of one go-round becomes feedback that improves the next round of question asking.

In terms of vesicle docking, which of the following events has to happen before all the others can happen?

a. Rab binds GTP
b. V-SNARE binds T-SNARE
c. NSF mediates dissociation of SNARE complex
d. Rab binds to tether protein

Answers

Answer:

i think its b

Explanation:

Why are parasites attracted to flood waters?

Answers

Answer:

I will get back to your question in a moment pls wait I will answer it thankyou for your time

Which of the following is an
example of qualitative data?
A. 3 meters
B. 8 arms
C. bright and shiny
D. Both A and B

Answers

Answer:

THe answer is C  i hopei help you

Explanation:

Clyde will perform a test on a compost pile. The items in the compost pile are shown here.



What scientific questions could Clyde ask about the compost pile? Check all that apply.

Which item breaks down the fastest?
Does decaying fruit smell the worst?
Will the items break down faster if heat is added?
Will enclosing the items in an airtight bag affect the rate of decay?
Is it a good idea to compost garbage?

Answers

Answer:

Which item breaks down the fastest?

Will the items break down faster if heat is added?

Will enclosing the items in an airtight bag affect the rate of decay?

Answer: a,c,d

Explanation:

edge

Please help me give reasons and explain do it right and I will give brainlist I promise
Answer ASAP
HELP ME!!!

Answers

Well it’s basically just asking you why it’s important to us or why we use it, so for time you could say “Time is important/useful to America because…” and so on. ( sorry if this isn’t what your teacher was asking for but it’s my best interpretation. )


How do plants store energy

Answers

Most of this energy is stored in compounds called carbohydrates. The plants convert a tiny amount of the light they receive into food energy. When animals eat green plants (2) they consume and absorb some of this energy, which stored as chemical energy in compounds known as fats and protein.

5 puntos
5. Si el color de ojos negros es dominante (A) sobre el color de ojos azul
(a). El fenotipo y el genotipo que tendríamos al cruzar dos personas
heterocigotas es
*
GENOTIPO: 50% Heterocigotas - 25% homocigotas dominantes - 25% homocigotas
recesivas.FENOTIPO: 75% ojos negros - 25% ojos azules
GENOTIPO: 100% Heterocigotas. FENOTIPO: 100% ojos negros.
GENOTIPO: 50% Heterocigotas - 50% homocigota recesivo. FENOTIPO: 100% ojos
negros.
GENOTIPO: 50% Heterocigotas - 50% homocigotas dominantes FENOTIPO: 50% ojos
negros - 50% ojos azules

Answers

Answer:

GENOTIPO: 50% Heterocigotas - 50% homocigota recesivo. FENOTIPO: 100% ojos

Explanation:

No se de la verdad

Which statement about human population growth is FALSE?
a) From 1350 AD to the present, the world has experienced continuous population growth.
b) From 200,000 BC through 8,000 BC, the global population was low.
c) The global population is expected to peak at 7 billion, then begin decreasing.
d) The world population doubled between 1959 and 1999.

Answers

Which statement about human population growth is FALSE?

Choose: c) The global population is expected to peak at 7 billion, then begin decreasing.

The false statement is: The global population is expected to peak at 7 billion, then begin decreasing.

What is meant by population growth?

Population growth is the increase in the number of humans on Earth. For most of human history, our population size was relatively stable. But with innovation and industrialization, energy, food, water, and medical care became more available and reliable.

Was there population growth in 2020?

Population gains attributable to natural increase rose as high as 1.1 million in 2016-17, but dropped to 677,000 in 2019-20 and then again to 148,000 in 2020-21.

Learn more about population growth here https://brainly.com/question/25630111

#SPJ2

It is known that the enzyme, pepsin, breaks down protein. We would also expect this enzyme to break down glycogen.

True

False

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

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