The American society of hematology suggests that osteoblasts can act as a therapeutic target for inhibition of leukemia cell engraftment and disease progression in mice.
Theoretically, the hematological cancers' genesis or development depend on the presence of a favorable microenvironment in the bone marrow niche. It was suggested that leukemic blasts are influenced by osteoblasts, niche elements vital to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activity. The study showed that individuals with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia experience a 55% drop in osteoblast counts. Additionally, in mice models of acute leukemia, genetic osteoblast depletion increased the number of circulating blasts and tumor engraftment in the marrow and spleen, which resulted in a greater tumor burden and shorter survival. Hematopoietic lineage/progression may have been changed since myelopoiesis increased, it was accompanied by a decline in B lymphopoiesis, and was impaired by erythropoiesis.
Osteoblast loss was prevented in mice with acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pharmaceutical inhibitor of the production of duodenal serotonin, a hormone that reduces the number of osteoblasts. Maintaining the osteoblast pool reduced tumor burden, extended life, and restored normal marrow function. Because inhibition of serotonin receptors alone in leukemic blasts did not impact leukemia development, leukemia prevention was attributed to maintaining osteoblast numbers. These findings imply that osteoblasts are essential for leukemia growth in the bone marrow and may serve as a therapeutic target to make the niche hostile to leukemia blasts.
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Compare the species richness, species diversity, and species evenness in the two areas. Describe two factors you think
could account for the differences in species richness/diversity/evenness in the two areas.
!!Please answer in 2 sentences!!
Species richness and species diversity are two crucial metrics ecologists employ to define the make-up of a community.
A community's species richness is determined by how many distinct species it contains. E.g., the second community would have a substantially higher species richness than the first if we identified 30 species in one community and 300 species in another.Near the equator, where there is a high concentration of solar energy, warm temperatures, abundant rainfall, and little seasonal variation, are typically where communities with the highest species richness can be found. Near the poles, which receive less solar energy and are colder, drier, and less conducive to life, are communities with the lowest species richness.The complexity of a community is gauged by its species diversity. It depends on both the community's species richness (the number of different species present) and species evenness (the relative abundances of those species).Greater species diversity would be seen in a forest community with 20 distinct tree species than one with only 5 distinct tree species .Numerous interrelated biotic (living things) and abiotic (non-living) factors contribute to the structure of a community (living organism-related): the climate of the communitythe location of the community geographicallyThe environment's heterogeneity (patchiness)how often disturbances or disruptive incidents occurinterspecies interactions.Learn more about species diversity here:
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A gastroenterologist is a doctor who treats problems of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Which organ system is cared for by this type of doctor?.
Digestive system is cared for by Gastroenterologist.
What organs are the focus of gastroenterologists?The digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus), as well as the pancreas, liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. A gastroenterologist is a specialist with knowledge of the disorders and diseases that affect the digestive system.
Who uses the digestive system to treat illnesses?The liver, pancreas, and small intestine can all be transplanted. Numerous medical professionals can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive issues. A physician specialist with further training in the diagnosis and management of digestive diseases is known as a gastroenterologist.
What are the symptoms of Gastrologist?These are the some symptoms of Gastroenterology disease:
Abdominal pain and discomfort.Bleeding in the digestive tract.Constipation and Diarrhoea.Difficulty Swallowing.Severe and persistent Heartburn/indigestion.Stomach upset, nausea, vomiting.Ulcers.Unexplained weight loss.What types of conditions do Gastroenterologists treat?It covers both common and significant diseases such hepatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (heartburn), peptic ulcer disease, colitis, gallbladder and biliary tract disease, nutritional issues, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and pancreatitis.
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A group of biology students tests the growth of bacteria under different conditions. The students apply the same amount of bacteria to identical Petri dishes enriched with nutrients, then place each plate at a different temperature. The bacteria are allowed to grow for three days, after which the number of bacterial colonies on each plate is counted. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
A.
the time of day that the experiment is performed
B.
the temperature at which the colonies grew
C.
the nutrient type present in the Petri dishes
D.
the number of bacterial colonies after three days
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable. The dependent variable is thus the result of the experiment.
What is it about the structure of atp that contributes to its ability to act as an energy currency.
The high-energy phosphate bonds present in ATP contribute to its ability to act as an energy currency.
The structure that contributes to the ability to act as energy currency is the presence of phosphate bonds. The full form of ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate. As the name suggests, this molecule contains three phosphate groups.
The other component of ATP is adenosine, which is a nitrogenous base. It forms a bond with phosphate groups and sugar to give ATP.
The structure of ATP is shown in the adjoining image.
The bond formed between the phosphate groups is known as the phosphodiester bond. This bond is very strong and produces a large amount of energy when broken.
Whenever the cell needs the energy to do any work, these bonds are readily broken to release a large amount of energy.
Thus, the high-energy phosphate bonds present in ATP contribute to its ability to act as an energy currency.
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For the location and time interval represented by these rock layers, when did the most drastic and sudden change in life forms occur?
A.
376 million years ago
B.
370 million years ago
C.
360 million years ago
D.
382 million years ago
Answer:
D
Explanation:
i honestly don't know but here is my answer
Answer: ITS 360!!!!!!!!
Explanation: 382 IS WRONG!!!!!!!
Evolution webquest: 6. In the island he visited, Darwin found_____, but not______ species of flinch. answer
Answer:
bobies none
Explanation:
Answer: You didn't give anything to find the answer
Explanation:
If meiosis produced sperm and eggs but did not involve 2 rounds of cell division
(i.e. if it more closely resembled mitosis), the offspring of a mating event would
have
the amount of DNA as the parents.
half
equal
four times
twice
Answer:
half
I hope this helps
Explanation:
BECAUSE THE DEVISTION IS BY MEIOSIS NOT MITOSIS
how does energy flow trough a forest food chain web from first secondary and tertionary levels
PLS HELP I NEED THIS FOR TMR !!!
Answer: Primary producer > primary consumer > secondary consumer > tertionary consumer.
Explanation: Primary producers(plants) get their energy from the sun then when a primary consumer (organism that eats plants; herbivores) eats the primary producer it collects that energy with it. Then when the primary producer is eaten by the secondary producer( carnivores that eat smaller animals; such as wolves,crow,hawks etc.). The tertionary consumer eats the secondary consumer.(tertionary consumers are larger carnivores) therefore energy gets passed down the line all the way to the tertionary consumer.
Answer: The energy flow is unidirectional in nature.
Explanation: When these herbivores are ingested by carnivores of the first order (secondary consumers) further degradation will occur. Finally, when tertiary consumers consume the carnivores, energy will again be degraded. Moreover, in a food chain, the energy flow follows the 10 percent law.
bone-targeted delivery of tgf-beta type 1 receptor inhibitor rescues uncoupled bone remodeling in camurati-engelmann disease.
Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) is a genetic bone-modelling disorder mainly caused by mutations in the gene that encodes transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). To achieve bone-targeted delivery of TR1I, it is designed a new drug that conjugated TR1I and bisphosphonate through a metabolically cleavable linker. It is characterized by increased bone density primarily affecting the long bones of the arms and legs and the skull.
CED is a rare bone dysplasia characterized by diffuse diaphyseal osteosclerosis. Skull base involvement in CED can result in hypopituitarism but is seldom reported. Our objective was to report a patient with acquired hypopituitarism due to CED and assess the management challenges. The thickening of these bones leads to pain, a waddling gait, muscle weakness, and extreme fatigue.
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infiltrating s100a8 myeloid cells promote metastatic spread of human breast cancer and predict poor clinical outcome
The mechanisms of metastasizing breast cancer are complex. the goal was to identify tumor-induced stromal modifications that affect metastatic cell behavior, and function as better marks for therapy.
Dual-species gene expression analysis was performed to identify stromal changes in cancer-bearing tissue for three different metastatic Breast cancer xenografts. In pre-clinical models of Breast cancer, the systemic need for S100A8+ myeloid cells-including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)-was stimulated by tumor-derived factors.The need for S100A8+ myeloid cells was reduced by inhibition of tumor-derived factors leading to fewer metastases and fewer primary tumors. Those myeloid-derived suppressor cells possess the ability to suppress T cell accumulation upon co-culture.
The release of macrophage inhibitory factors activates the need for S100A8+ myeloid cells systemically. Inhibition of MIF leads to delays in lower metastatic burden and tumor growth. In enhancing cancer progression independent of their suppressive activity on T cells, there is the recruitment of S100A8+ myeloid cells to secondary sites in xenograft models and primary tumors of Breast cancer.
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Which event must happen for energy to be released from ATP?
The oxygen atoms surrounding a phosphate are removed.
More oxygen atoms are added to each phosphate group.
A new phosphate group is added to the molecule.
A phosphate group is broken from the molecule
For energy to be released from ATP, a phosphate group is broken from the molecule to form ADP. Therefore option (D) is the correct answer.
What is ATP and when is energy released from it ? Adenosine triphosphate, also known as ATP ,the primary energy currency of cells.
ATP is an RNA nucleotide with a chain of three phosphates, according to its structural makeup. Adenine, a nitrogenous base, a chain of three phosphates, and ribose, a five-carbon sugar, are all joined together in the heart of the molecule.
The three phosphate groups are identified as alpha, beta, and gamma, according on how close to the ribose sugar they are. Phosphonhydride bonds, often known as "high-energy" bonds, are the bonds that connect the phosphate groups.
In hydrolysis (water-mediated breakdown) reaction, one of these bonds is broken, releasing a sizable quantity of energy.
Therefore option (D) is the best choice.
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Which of the following describes a benefit of the fact that oil never wears out?
Because oil never wears out, it never needs to be replaced.
Because oil never wears out, its cost remains low.
Because oil never wears out, farmers will never run out of it.
Because oil never wears out, it can be used again and again.
The benefit that oil never wear out is that it can be used again and again.
What is oil?The term oil refers to that which could be used to prevent wear and tear. We know that friction is the force that opposes the motion of one surface on another. Thus anytime that two surfaces are in contact, we notice that the force of friction comes into play. The phenomenon of friction is the reason behind the wear and tear that is experienced when we are using the various parts of a machine that involves the movement of one part of the machine on top of another.
Having said all these, oil is the substances that is most commonly used to prevent the phenomenon of friction. We could be able to use the oil again and again.
It then follows that the benefit that oil never wear out is that it can be used again and again.
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Is exponential economic growth incompatible with environmental sustainability?
Answer:
The global economy recycles less than 10 percent of materials; about 50 percent of processed materials are used to provide energy and are thus not available for recycling. It is simple: economic growth is not compatible with environmental sustainability.
Answer:
The global economy recycles less than 10 percent of materials; about 50 percent of processed materials are used to provide energy and are thus not available for recycling. It is simple: economic growth is not compatible with environmental sustainability.
Explanation:
Sustainability Is Not Only Compatible With Growth, It Requires It – But Only With Targeted Innovation. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.
Economic growth is closely linked to increasing production, consumption and resource use, which has negative effects on nature, climate and human health. Moreover, current research suggests that it is unlikely that economic growth can be completely detached from its environmental impacts, the EEA briefing notes.
Economic growth will be undermined without adequate environmental safeguards, and environmental protection will fail without economic growth. The earth's natural resources place limits on economic growth. These limits vary with the extent of resource substitution, technical progress, and structural changes.
which analogy might one use when trying to describe the function of the somatic nervous system to a middle-school child?
The analogy that can be used is that it functions like a remote control moving a robotic arm.
What is the somatic nervous system?The somatic nerve system plays a crucial role in the initiation and regulation of bodily movements. Almost all of the muscles' voluntary motions are controlled by this system.
It is also in charge of handling sensory data that is received from outside stimuli, such as hearing, touch, and sight.
Two branches of the peripheral nervous system, the somatic and autonomous nervous systems, exist. These enable the spinal cord and brain to receive and transmit information to all other parts of the body.
Therefore, The analogy that can be used is that it functions like a remote control moving a robotic arm.
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6. What does the term "directionality" refer to when discussing polynucleotides?
Answer:
Polynucleotides have two ends that are different from each other.
Explanation:
1. the nuclear dna content of a single sperm cell in the beach mouse (peromyscus polionotus) is 3.57 picogram (pg). what would be the expected nuclear dna content of a(n)
Answer:
The primary spermatocyte of prophase 1 contain double amount of DNA (3.57×2= 7.14pg) as it is diploid in nature.
Explanation:
Most DNA in mature human sperm is bound to protamine, as somatic histones are replaced during spermiogenesis. However, biochemical analyses of human sperm proteins indicate retention of some histones resulting in a nuclear protein composition that is about 90% protamine and 10% histone.
Primary spermatocyte produces four spermatids. During spermatogenesis there are two cellular divisions, but only one replication of DNA so that each spermatid has 23 chromosomes (haploid), one from each pair in the original primary spermatocyte. It begins with a diploid spermatogonium in the seminiferous tubules, which divides mitotically to produce two diploid primary spermatocytes.
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Which policy design will BEST ensure that brine shrimp will continue to live in the Great Salt Lake?
The policy design which will best ensure that brine shrimp will continue to live in the Great Salt Lake is the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act.
What is a Policy?This is referred to as a plan or guidelines which are laid down by individuals and organizations so as to achieve long term goals.
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act was set up to protect the marine environment by ensuring that there is no population from various sources. When it is polluted, the brine shrimp which is an example of an organism who live in the marine environment may leave the Great Salt Lake to more conducive places.
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Phytoplankton
strainer
Seaweed
Aquatic Food Web
Sea Lice
Crab
Lobster
Fish
Seagull
Explain why heart failure often results in renal failure.
Answer:
Relatively recent research has shown that heart failure is a significant risk factor for kidney disease. When the heart is no longer pumping efficiently it becomes congested with blood, causing pressure to build up in the main vein connected to the kidneys and leading to congestion of blood in the kidneys, too.
Reference:
https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/kidney-heart-link
What is lactase? Select ALL that apply
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Enzyme
rrna signature sequences can be used to place microorganisms in the correct domain. question 8 options: 1) true 2) false
The rRNA signature sequences can be used to place microorganisms in the correct domain is True.
rRNA- All cells require ribosomes, which are the main building block of non-coding RNA known as ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA). Protein synthesis is carried out by rRNA, a ribozyme, in ribosomes.
Signature Sequence- Proteins having a certain structure or function have continuous patterns of amino acids 10–50 residues long known as signature sequences.
Microorganism- A living thing that can only be observed under a microscope. Protozoa, algae, fungus, and bacteria are all examples of microorganisms. Viruses are occasionally categorized as microbes even though they are not thought of as living things.
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Scientists who study
ocean temperatures
have seen
A. that the ocean is recently becoming colder
B. that the ocean is recently becoming warmer
C. that the ocean temperatures are not changing at all
Copyright ©ang International Academy of Scienes. All Rights Rerved
Answer:
scientists who study the ocean have seen b the ocean is becoming warmer
A channel protein, but not a carrier protein, can exist in a open configuration creating a pore through a membrane. True or false?.
True. On one side of the membrane, carrier proteins bind to molecules or ions and release them on the opposite side.
Channel proteins are found in membranes surrounding cells or organelles. Cells use many different molecules that need to cross the membrane for internal use or be exported to the extracellular space. Some small, non-polar molecules can cross membranes directly, whereas larger or charged molecules must use specialized proteins or endo/exocytosis to enter and exit.
Channel proteins allow these molecules to enter and exit cells, usually without expending energy. Examples include aquaporins, which allow polar water molecules to penetrate. Another example plays an important role in cell communication. Ligand-gated ion channel. In order for these channel proteins to open, they need a binding ligand (ligands are molecules that act as the "key" for the channel protein). The presence of a ligand signals the protein to open, making it easier for molecules to pass through.
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marleen suffered a stroke in the underside of the right temporal lobe. which brain function is likely to be affected?
The brain function that is likely to be affected is the facial recognition.
What is stroke?Stroke is defined as a medical emergency that affects the cerebrovascular system whereby a blood vessel in the brain is blocked thereby reducing the blood flow to that particular part of the brain.
The right temporal lobe of the brain is responsible for learning and memorizing non-verbal information, recognizing information, and determining facial expressions.
Therefore, a stroke that affects the right temporal lobe of the brain is likely to affect the ability of the individual to be able to facially recognise another person.
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Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for the formation of the cell's lysosomes?
A.mitochondria
B. Golgi complex
C. chloroplasts
D. central vacuole
Answer:
Golgi complex (golgi apparatus)
Explanation:
The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, functions as a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion.
hich of the following is a correct ordering of the levels of biological organization from the least to the most complex? a. hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell, heart muscle cell nucleus, heart muscle tissue, heart, human. b. hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human c. hydrogen, water, muscle cell nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart, heart muscle tissue, human d. water, hydrogen, heart muscle cell nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human. e. heart muscle cell nucleus, hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell, heart, heart muscle tissue, human
The correct option is (b)- hydrogen, water, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
What is biological organization?
The hierarchy of intricate biological processes and structures that, in a reductionistic manner, describe life is known as biological organization. The traditional hierarchy goes from atoms to biospheres, as seen in the details below. The higher tiers of this system are frequently referred to as a hierarchical ecology or as an ecological organization idea, depending on the context.
Question:
Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchical organization of life from least to most complex?
a. hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell, nucleus, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
b. hydrogen, water, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
c. hydrogen, water, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart, heart muscle tissue, human
d. water, hydrogen, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
e. nucleus, hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell, heart, heart muscle tissue, human
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Answer:
The correct option is (b)- hydrogen, water, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
Hope this helps
Because bacteria frequently grow on poorly stored food, this often leads to what?
Poorly stored food usually experiences spoilage or foodborne illnesses because bacteria often thrive there.
Bacteria can grow and breed rapidly when food is not stored properly. Microorganisms called bacteria can contaminate food and create toxins, which reduce the quality and safety of food. When food loses its taste, texture, appearance, or nutritional value, it becomes unpalatable or unsafe to eat. This is called food spoilage.
Foodborne infections can occur more frequently when dangerous bacteria are present in improperly stored food. These infections can be spread by consuming contaminated food, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort and, in some circumstances, more serious health problems.
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bones in different vertebrates are if they have the same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function.
Answer:
homologous structures
Explanation:
something like bat wings and human hands
they evolved from a common ancestor, but are now different and used differently
Alkali metals have the properties of metals except they are less dense and:
More brittle
Softer
Less reactive
More valuable
Alkali metals have the properties of metals except they are less dense and softer (option B).
What are alkali metals?Alkali metals are chemical elements that belong to Group 1 of the periodic table.
With the exception of hydrogen, they (alkali metals) are characterized by being soft, have low melting point, shiny light and very reactive.
Alkali metals include the following:
lithium (Li)sodium (Na)potassium (K)rubidium (R)cesium (Cs)francium (Fr)According to this question, alkali metals have the properties of metals, however, they are less dense and softer than metals.
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an avid gardener in eastern north america begins to have a fever and cough. a sample from her lungs contains yeast cells and pus. she may be infected with:
Blastomyces dermatitidis.
A dimorphic fungus called Blastomyces dermatitidis produces blastomycosis, an invasive and sometimes fatal fungal illness that can occasionally affect both humans and other animals. It often lives near a body of water, such as a lake, river, or stream, in soil and damp, decomposing wood. Indoor growth can also happen, for instance, in piled-up trash in wet sheds or shacks. The fungus is endemic to certain regions of eastern North America, particularly boreal northern Ontario, southeastern Manitoba, Quebec south of the St. Lawrence River, portions of the U.S. Appalachians and interconnected eastern mountain chains, the west bank of Lake Michigan, the state of Wisconsin, and the entire Mississippi Valley, including the valleys of some major tributaries like the Ohio River.
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