complementary strand of ATGGGCTASTCTT will TACCCGATAGAA
Base Pairing is a principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosineReplication is process of copying DNA prior to cell divisionDNA Polymerase copys DNA prior to cell divisionTransformation is process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteriagene is section of DNA that codes for a specific traitgenome is the entire "library" of genetic instructions in DNA that an organism inheritsgenotype is the combination of alleles located on homologous chromosomes that determines a specific characteristicTo know more about complementary strand visit :
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the is the most complex region of the brain. a. forebrain b. midbrain c. hindbrain d. brainstem please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The most complex region of the brain is forebrain. Forebrain have cerebrum which is the largest and complex part of brain.
What is brain?Brain is the central organ in the human system. It is divided into three parts such as forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. It is the commanding center in the body.
The human brain along with spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. Corpus callosum contains two hemispheres of brain.
Forebrain is the most thinking part and it controls the voluntary actions. It is consist of cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus. Midbrain connects the forebrain and midbrain. It contains cerebellum which maintains equilibrium in the body.
Therefore, The most complex region of the brain is forebrain. Forebrain have cerebrum which is the largest and complex part of brain.
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a plant disease is any condition in a plant caused by living and nonliving agents that interferes with its normal growth and development.
The answer is true.
What is a plant disease?
"Anything that inhibits a plant from performing to its maximum potential" is the definition of a plant disease. The scope of this term covers both biotic and abiotic plant diseases.
Field crop-damaging plant diseases are of enormous economic significance, which justifies the widespread and regular use of pesticides. In addition to more typical methods of crop plant infection, agricultural use of BW also has the potential to introduce diseases and weed seeds. In general, the inactivation kinetics of plant pathogens in various hygiene treatments for BW are the same as those for diseases that affect people and animals. But fungal pathogens can produce dormant spores, wait for better circumstances, and live for many years in the soil. They also exhibit a fair amount of resistance to various forms of treatment. Some of them may also house a wide range of plant species. Additionally, some plant viruses, such as the tobacco mosaic virus, are difficult to inactivate with heat.
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Decomposers, detrivores, and scavengers feed on dead organic material. How are decomposers different from scavengers and detrivores?.
Decomposers chemically break down dead material while Detritivores and scavengers physically alter it by chewing and tearing.
Detritivores are those organisms that feed on decaying and dead matter. They degrade different types of value/organisms directly through digestion.
Examples of Detritivores include crabs, worms, millipedes, flies, etc.
On the other hand, decomposers secrete specific enzymes to decompose dead and decaying organic matter.
Examples of decomposers include bacteria, fungi, and other insects.
While scavengers are those organisms that eat the meat of dead animals and rotting plant material, they only break down the food in digestion but do not alter their physical state like decomposers.
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new green fluorescent protein genes for plant transformation: intron-containing, er-localized, and soluble-modified
The first fully in vivo reporting systems useful in whole plants is GFP, and we predict that when improved GFP genes become available, its utility will grow even more.
What is Gene?The term "gene" has a variety of meanings in biology. The molecular makes up a gene of DNA nucleotides that are transcribed to generate a functional RNA, while the Mendelian gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Genes that code for proteins and noncoding genes are the two different categories of molecular genes.
DNA is first replicated into RNA during gene expression. A protein that fulfills a function can be directly generated from the RNA or it can serve as the intermediary template. Phenotypic qualities are passed down through gene inheritance from an organism to its progeny. Different DNA sequences known as genotypes are made up of these genes. The phenotypes are determined by the genotypes as well as by environmental and developmental variables.
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Which of the following is the best definition for data?
a. Observations that may be quantitative or qualitative
b. A tentative, testable scientific explanation
c. Useful for determining the effect of the independent variable
d. A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge
Why might energy be needed to assist in molecules moving across a cell membrane?.
Energy be needed to assist in molecules moving across a cell membrane because transport occurs against the concentration gradient .
The transport in the cell occurs through the cell membrane by different mechanisms like active transport and passive transport in order to enter nutrients and eliminate waste .
There are lots of molecules which can pass through the cell membrane without any difficulty but there are some other molecules also requires energy to enter into the cell membrane due to their structure , chemical composition , hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties .
Active transport :in this type of transport force is developed . it requires energy to carried out the transportation because it is a type of movement which involves the transport of molecules against concentration gradient i.e. from lower concentration to the higher concentration . it carried out through pumps.
Cell membrane :It is also known as plasma membrane . it is defined as a living , ultrathin , dynamic , elastic semipermeable membrane that encloses the protoplasm of a cell .
It is the outer most boundary of all living cells . but prokaryotes and plant cells generally have an additional cell wall outside the plasma membrane.
Plasma membrane of neuron is called neurolemma while that of haemolysed RBC is called red cell ghost . the plasma membrane of muscle cell along with based lamina is called sarcolemma .
Along with plasma membrane , the eukaryotes also contains intracellular membrane surrounding the vacuole and organelles . the plasma membrane and the intracellular membranes together called as biological membranes of bio-membranes.
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Based on your understanding of Darwin's Theory of Evolution, which of the following organisms would potentially evolve the fastest ?
A) All of these species would have roughly the same rate of evolutionary change
B) A species of roundworm that reproduces via asexual reproduction but contains a DNA replication machinery that introduces 3-6 mutations every mitotic cycle with a generation time of 6 days
C) A species of mammal that reproduces sexually and passes on roughly 3 mutations every generation with a generation time of 18-20 years
D) A species of bacteria with a poor DNA replication error correction capability that normally reproduces asexually but can reproduce sexually and has a generation time of 45 minutes
Based on Darwin's Theory of Evolution, a species of bacteria with a poor DNA replication error correction capability that normally reproduces asexually but can reproduce sexually and has a generation time of 45 minutes might be the fastest to evolve (Option D).
How does evolution occur?The process of evolution means descendence with modification involving changes (adaptations) that are adaptive for the individual, which in this case is better represented by sa pecies with a higher mutation rate, fast generation time, and the possibility to perform sexual reproduction to combine adaptive features.
In conclusion, Based on Darwin's Theory of Evolution, a species of bacteria with a poor DNA replication error correction capability that normally reproduces asexually but can reproduce sexually and has a generation time of 45 minutes might be the fastest to evolve (Option D).
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reconstruction of motor control circuits in adult drosophila using automated transmission electron microscopy
Reconstruction of motor control circuits in adult drosophila using automated transmission electron microscopy
Numerous animals navigate and interact with their surroundings by moving their limbs in unison.
We mapped synaptic connections throughout a neural network that regulates limb motions using serial-section electron microscopy (EM) in order to understand the circuit principles underlying locomotor behavior. We offer a dataset of the ventral nerve cord (VNC) of an adult female Drosophila melanogaster with synapse resolution.
We created GridTape, a method that combines automated serial-section collection with automated high-throughput transmission EM, to produce this dataset.
We rebuilt 507 motor neurons using this dataset, including all of the ones in charge of the legs and wings. We demonstrate a new feedback system for quick limb control in which a certain class of leg sensory neurons directly synapses onto the largest-caliber motor neuron axons on both sides of the body.
To enable the matching of cells between EM and light microscopy data, we make the dataset and reconstructions available to the public.
To help the scientific community acquire large-scale EM data more easily and affordably, we also offer GridTape instrumentation designs and software.
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Which of these factors may affect nutritional needs? Select three options.
Answer:
Age, activity level, pregnancy
Explanation:
describe extrinsic factors that regulate growth of eukaryotic cells, including growth factors, cell density, and changes in cell shape.
Extrinsic cell components are characteristics linked to micro-environmental changes that affect its phenotype and disrupt the progression of neoplastic disease in eukaryotic cells.
What are extrinsic factors?
Extrinsic factors influences are hypothesized to impact several genes at once, but little information has been done on the molecular causes of this extrinsic variability.
They expand by utilizing the biological processes of their hosts to replicate their genetic material.
Demonstrates how regulatory networks can cause extrinsic noise at a target gene's output by converting noise in the expression of upstream regulators.
Our findings highlight the importance of the interaction between gene regulatory networks and population variation for understanding the cell density and cell shape.
Therefore, extrinsic factors that regulate growth of eukaryotic cells.
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many organisms that undergo chemosynthesis use instead of to fuel the processes that convert carbon dioxide into sugars.
Answer:
Many organisms that undergo chemosynthesis use hydrogen sulphide (H2S) instead of sunlight to fuel the processes that convert carbon dioxide into sugars.
Explanation:
Prokaryotic microorganisms, principally bacteria and archaea (referred to as “bacteria” in the following), carry out chemosynthetic reactions. Energy is produced in chemosynthetic reactions from oxidizing reduced compounds.
Chemosynthesis is the conversion of carbon (usually carbon dioxide or methane) into organic matter using inorganic molecules (hydrogen or hydrogen sulphide) or methane as an energy source. Most energy is initially derived from sunlight via plant photosynthesis. Example, bacteria and methanogenic archaea living in deep sea vents
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3.
A
C
What effect does fertilizer have on plant growth? Identify the correct step from the choices
below.
ask a question
collect the data
B
draw conclusions
state the hypothesis
If the amount of fertilizer applied to plants is increased, then plant growth will increase.
Since out here the independent variable is the variable that's being controlled or changed on reason by the experimenter, It can moreover be thought of as the cause is the fertilizer and the dependent variable is which is the one dependent on the independent variable is the growth of the plant. Here the hypothesis for an observable phenomenon is a proposed explanation or a theory to be utilized in science, one must be able to test it within the frame of a test. A logical examination is planned to test this hypothesis. Here the Hypothesis is that If the amount of fertilizer applied to plants is increased, then plant growth will increase.
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A researcher wants to study what happens when the temporal lobe of the brain is damaged. It is not ethical for the researcher to permanently damage the temporal lobes of all her participants and see what deficits might result. How might a case study be a useful way to study this research question?.
The use of a case study in this case is regarded as sufficient to answer the research question.
What is a case study?
The term case study refers to the use of a particular instance or a few instances isolated cases to draw conclusions about the generality of an issue. When it is true that studies that involve case studies are not always generalizable, but that could be the only option that is available.
Since it s not possible for the research to permanently damage the temporal lobes of different people in a bid to obtain empirical data. The use of a case study in this case is regarded as sufficient to answer the research question.
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Look at the graph to the right. During which 500 meter interval does the temperature decrease most rapidly?
Answer:16 degrees
Explanation:
A cattle rancher has a trailer full of new Angus feeder cattle to add to
his operation. All the cattle have been taken off the same field and
they are all similar in weight and confirmation. Before he adds them
to his operation he wants to know what will make them gain the
most weight for the least cost. He has an irrigated field with grass, a
barn full of grass hay and barrels of grain. Help him decide what feed
to use.
1. In the above paragraph underline the question or problem.
2. Develop an overview for an experiment to test the problem. Include the steps you will take.
3. Write a Hypothesis of the outcome of the experiment.
4. What is the dependent variable
5. What is the independent variable
6. What is the control/constant.
7. Are the variables qualitative or quantitative? Why?
8. Identify possible sources of unavoidable experimental error.
The following are the required responses;
1) The problem is to determine what will make them gain the most weight for the least cost.
2) In this experiment, he needs to randomly divide the new cattle breed into three groups and have them feed on an irrigated field with grass, a
barn full of grass hay and barrels of grain.
3) The hypothesis is that the cattle fed on a barn full of grass hay has the greatest weight gain.
4) The dependent variable is the weight of the cattle
5) The independent variable is the type of feed given to the cattle
6) The constant is the specie of the cattle.
7) The variables are qualitative because they are not countable or numerable.
8) An unavoidable source of error is the estimation of the degree of weight gain which may be done subjectively.
What is an experiment?
An experiment is often used to show the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable. In this case, a cattle rancher has a trailer full of new Angus feeder cattle to add to his operation. All the cattle have been taken off the same field and they are all similar in weight and confirmation. Before he adds them to his operation he wants to know what will make them gain the most weight for the least cost.
1) The problem is to determine what will make them gain the most weight for the least cost.
2) In this experiment, he needs to randomly divide the new cattle breed into three groups and have them feed on an irrigated field with grass, a
barn full of grass hay and barrels of grain.
3) The hypothesis is that the cattle fed on a barn full of grass hay has the greatest weight gain.
4) The dependent variable is the weight of the cattle
5) The independent variable is the type of feed given to the cattle
6) The constant is the specie of the cattle.
7) The variables are qualitative because they are not countable or numerable.
8) An unavoidable source of error is the estimation of the degree of weight gain which may be done subjectively.
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a drop of sara’s blood was mixed with anti-a serum. another drop was mixed with anti-b serum. and a third drop was mixed with anti-rh serum. clumping was not seen in any of the tests. what does this indicate? select all that apply.
The blood group from the observation is O negative.
The blood groups can be determined practically with the help of anti-serums.
One of the groups into which people or their blood can be classified based on the presence or absence of particular antigens in the blood (such as those labelled A, B, AB, or O) is called as blood group.
There are 4 main blood groups (types of blood) – A, B, AB and O.
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are contained in a fluid called plasma, which is the blood. Antibodies and antigens found in the blood help identify your blood group.
Plasma contains proteins called antibodies. They are a component of your body's built-in defenses. They identify alien objects, like bacteria, and notify your immune system, which then eliminates them.
Protein molecules called antigens can be detected on the outer layer of red blood cells.
The ABO system distinguishes 4 major blood types:
Red blood cells with blood group A antigens have anti-B antibodies in their plasma.B antigens and anti-A antibodies are present in the plasma in blood group B.Blood group O - has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma but no antigens.A and B antigens are present in blood group AB, however there are no antibodies.So, as the question tells that Sara's blood doesn't coagulate with anti serum a, b and rh this means that her RBCs have none of the proteins on its surface leading to Blood group O negative.
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What nutrients are found in animal waste? how large a part of the ecosystem are these wastes?.
Heat is one energy kind that is released. Animal excrement requires some energy to create. Decomposers disintegrate extinct creatures and biological waste. As, the dung beetle is returning to its nest while rolling a ball of dung (animal waste). The excrement will be used by the beetle to feed its young. On a dead log, there are mushrooms growing. They'll disassemble it gradually. As a result, the earth receives its nutrients.
Ecosystem: what is it? What function does animal waste serve there?A group of living beings and their surroundings make up an ecosystem. Ecosystem is a shortened form of "ecological system." An ecosystem is made up of components that work together, much like any other system.
There are living organisms that contribute to every ecosystem. Food is produced by plants using sunlight. Plants may be consumed by other living beings to gain energy.
ProducerLiving entities called producers to use energy to create food. Food is produced by e-producers.
ConsumersPeople cannot prepare their own food. People must consume other living things. They may consume both vegetation and animals. An enormous amount of energy is lost at every stage of the food chain. Only 10% of the energy moves on to the next level. Heat is one kind of energy that is released.
Animal excrement requires some energy to create. Energy is also used to grow items like fur that are inedible to other consumers. The reason why most food chains only have a few tiers is that so much energy is lost.
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who coined the phrase ""nature versus nurture"" to convey the question of whether genes or upbringing has the most significant effect on developing humans? a) alfred binet b) raymond cattell c) theodore simon d) sir francis galton
Option D: Sir Francis Galton coined the phrase "nature versus nurture".
The term 'nature' refers to the effect of genes on one's characteristic traits while the term 'nurture' refers to the effect of upbringing of a child on its characteristic health and other conditions. This is a well-known scientific fact that we acquire traits and inborn health conditions through genes from our parents. These are generally termed genetic traits.
But it is now known that environmental factors can affect your chances to acquire these significant health conditions from your parents. If you are at a risk to get diabetes through genes from your parents, you may adopt a healthier diet and exercise regularly to avoid the adverse health conditions. Also, if the environment is kept negative the child is likely to get depression or mental disorders.
Sir Francis Galton while discussing whether genes or upbringing has the most significant effect on developing humans coined the phrase "nature versus nurture". He particularly referred to genes through nature and one's upbringing environment through nurture.
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Many soil-dwelling bacteria produce molecules that can be naturally synthesized and kill other species of bacteria. What are these bacteria-killing molecules called?.
These bacteria-killing molecules called antibiotics.
What are antibiotics, and what different kinds are there?Tetracyclines and chloramphenicol are examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics that have an impact on both gram-positive and certain gram-negative bacteria. An antibiotic with an extended-spectrum affects new bacterial species, often gram-negative ones, as a result of chemical alteration.What are some uses for antibiotics?Some types of bacterial infections are treated or prevented with the help of antibiotics. They are useless against viral diseases like the flu or the common cold. Only minor health issues, like acne, that are unlikely to get better without antibiotics should be treated with prescription antibiotics.
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4.2.4 Quiz: Air Head
Question 10 of 10
What is the term for the percentage of light reflected by something?
Answer here
SUBMIT
Answer: An albedo
Explanation:
The explanation is defined by the amount of light reflected off of a body or surface. The answer and question sort of copy/piggyback off of each other. Good luck !
A group of animals in the same species is called what?
A) Ecosystem
B) organism
C) community
D) population
Answer: D)population
Explanation:
the structure of lipids is group of answer choices dominated by hydrophobic regions. dominated by hydrophilic regions. equally dominated by hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
The structure of lipids is "dominated by hydrophobic regions".
Any organic molecule that seems to be soluble in oil or fat but not in water would be a lipid. They serve as energy-storing molecules as well as chemical messengers and include fats, waxes, oils, hormones, as well as some membrane components.
Lipids are often hydrophobic despite being amphiphilic molecules, having all these components of hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic areas within the molecule. This is partly because of the high amount of hydrocarbons in polar regions.
The most abundant membrane lipids are the phospholipids. These have a polar head group and two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails.
The question is incomplete , the complete question is:
The structure of lipids is group of answer choices :
(a)dominated by hydrophobic regions.
(b)dominated by hydrophilic regions.
(c) equally dominated by hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
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If a force of 18N is exerted over a 2m² area, how much pressure is there?
The pressure is found to be 9 Pascal.
Given here the force = 18N and Area where the force applied is 2m².
So pressure can be calculated as,
Pressure = Force/Area
Pressure = 18/2 = 9pa.
This, the pressure is found to be 9pascals.
The force delivered perpendicularly to an object’s surface per unit area across which that force is dispersed is known as pressure. Pressure has various units, the most common units are Pascal and newton per square meter. Pressure is a scalar quantity.
Different instrument used to determine pressure are barometer, pressure gauge (used to measure the condition of a gas or fluid). Manometers are used to measure pressure, which is the force a gas or liquid exerts per unit surface area as a result of the gravitational influences on its weight. This kind of manometer is known as a sphygmomanometer.
Different formula are present to determine pressure, they are:-
Pressure =Force /Area
Pressure = Work / volume
Pressure = Energy / volume.
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which type of membrane protein attaches cells to other cells? channel linker transporter cell identity marker
The type of membrane protein that attaches cells to other cells is commonly known as a linker (Option B).
What is a cellular linker?A cellular linker is a type of protein used to bind cells in a given tissue, thereby having structural functions that are fundamental for the integrity of different tissues.
In conclusion, the type of membrane protein that attaches cells to other cells is commonly known as a linker (Option B).
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what property of water allows it to move from the roots, to the leaves of plants
Answer:
The cohesive properties of water
Explanation:
The cohesive properties of water (hydrogen bonding between adjacent water molecules) allow the column of water to be 'pulled' up through the plant as water molecules are evaporating at the surfaces of leaf cells. This process has been termed the Cohesion Theory of Sap Ascent in plants.
Which of the following is NOT made up of matter?
a. Gases
b.Heat
c. Living Things
d. Clouds
Which of the following statements is correct about these amino acids?
Answer:
C
Explanation:
something needs to be polar to diffuse through the plasma membrane, which the first aa is on the outside
18. lactation is regulated mainly by two protein hormones; what are they and what is the effect of each one?
The two protein hormones are prolactin hormone and oxytocin hormone.
Alveoli is mainly responsible for producing the milk after the birth of child is active mainly because of the prolactin hormone. The prolactin hormone is once exposed to to cortisol hormone. Once the nipples are stimulated, the oxytocin hormone is released, causing the alveoli to contract.
Hormones are your body's chemical messengers. They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs. They work slowly, over time, and affect many different processes, including: Growth and development.
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effect of different feeding schedules on the survival and neural differentiation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells
The survival or neuronal development of human embryonic or human induced pluripotent stem cells is not improved by feeding them more than five days per week.
Why does feeding not increase neuronal differentiation or cell survival?An induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into any form of specialized human cell, ESC/iPSC-derived cell types have a lot of potential for use in regenerative medicine.
Neuroscience research can benefit from neural culture of human pluripotent stem cells. However, it is unknown what the ideal feeding schedule for these in vitro systems should be. Human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells were cultivated with medium exchange schedules of five, six, or seven days per week during two months of differentiation. We assessed the survival and neural differentiation characteristics of these cells. Through this period of culture, neither human pluripotent cell type showed any appreciable alterations in cell counts or indicators of brain development. We come to the conclusion that feeding this culture system more than five days a week is unlikely to be advantageous.
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How can we trace the transformation of energy through living and non living systems
Answer:
Food chain/web/pyramid
Explanation:
graphs the transformation on energy n stuff