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Positively charged aluminum ions gain electrons from the cathode and form molten aluminum. Electrolysis is used to perform the extraction. The aluminum oxide must let the ions to travel freely in order for electricity to flow through it.

Due to its extremely high melting point (about 2000°C), aluminum oxide would be expensive to melt. Although it doesn't dissolve in water, aluminum oxide does in molten cryolite. The melting point of this aluminum compound is lower than that of aluminum oxide. Cryolite utilization lowers some of the energy expenses associated with aluminum extraction. Carbon dioxide bubbles off once the oxygen and carbon in the electrodes react. The positive electrodes must consequently be replaced regularly since they lose carbon over time. This raises the price of the procedure.

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CaCl2 has a stronger ionic bond than KCl because Ca+2 is smaller than K+ in size.

A stable link formed by the complete transfer of the valence electron is known as an ionic bond. This kind of interaction results in the formation of positive ions, also known as cations, and negative ions, also known as anions.

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Answer: 1.24 X 10-22 g. The atomic mass of arsenic is 74.92 amu, 1 mole of arsenic atom has 74.92g weight.

Explanation:

Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. Therefore, 0.602×10²³ atoms are there in 7.61 grams of arsenic.

The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.

Mathematically,

mole =given mass ÷ molar mass

given mass of arsenic= 7.61 grams

Molar mass of 1 mole of arsenic= 74.92g/mol

substituting the given values, we get

number of mole of arsenic =7.61  ÷ 74.92g

        =0.10moles

number of atoms of arsenic= number of moles of arsenic× Avogadro number

                                              =0.10× 6.022×10²³

                                              =0.602×10²³ atoms

Therefore, 0.602×10²³ atoms are there in 7.61 grams of arsenic.

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The atomic theory have been developed over the years by the works of many scientists.

The atomic theory is the series of postulations that sought to explain the behavior of the atom. The study of the atom started as far back as the time of Democritus and Aristotle.

The first empirical study of the nature of the atom started with the work of John Dalton when he proposed the famous Dalton's theory. Further empirical work was carried out by J.J Thompson which gave rise to the plum pudding model of the atoms.

The work of Ernest Rutherford introduced the planetary model of the atom which was latter replaced by the Bohr model based on energy levels. Today, the work of Erwin Schrödinger has led us to the appreciation of the wave mechanical model of the atoms which is the mot accepted model for the atom today.

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The products of the acid-base reaction between chloric acid [tex](HClO_{3})[/tex], and lithium hydroxide [tex](LiOH)[/tex], are water [tex](H_{2}O)[/tex] and lithium chlorate [tex](LiClO_{3} )[/tex]

An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base producing salt and water. It is a double-replacement reaction where ions exchange their positions.

The general equation of an acid-base reaction is as follows.

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

The H(+) cation of the acid combines with the OH(-) anion of the base to form water. The compound formed by the cation of the base and the anion of the acid is called a salt.

For the reaction between chloric acid [tex](HClO_{3})[/tex], and lithium hydroxide [tex](LiOH)[/tex], the H(+) cation of the acid [tex](HClO_{3})[/tex] combines with the OH(-) anion of the base [tex](LiOH)[/tex] to form water. The compound formed by the cation of the base [tex](LiOH)[/tex] and the anion of the acid [tex](HClO_{3})[/tex] is lithium chlorate.

[tex]H^{+}+ ClO_{3}^{-} +Li^{+} +OH^{-} = LiClO_{3} + H_{2}O[/tex]

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Answer:

Explanation:

Organs are more complex units than tissues. An organ is an organization of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that together they can perform a special function.

There are more tissues in our body. Tissues are collections of comparable cells that collaborate to carry out particular functions.

Thus, cells are of the same type or different types, they work together to complete a certain mission.

Epithelial tissue, which lines the skin and organs, muscle tissue, which enables movement, and nerve tissue, which transmits electrical signals are a few examples of tissues.

Organs are structures consisting of two or more distinct tissue types that cooperate to carry out a certain function or group of functions in the body. Organs have certain shapes and purposes. Heart is one instance of an organ.

Thus, There are more tissues in our body. Tissues are collections of comparable cells that collaborate to carry out particular functions.

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Explanation:

carbon dioxide is a green house gas among many others, human activities Increase the amount of co2 being released. Co2 acts as a global insulator, when the sun rays enter the atmosphere and then bounces back off the earth, the co2 creates a blanket that traps the sun rays. this therein causes the surface of the earth to "heat up" and cause global warming. the increased temperatures triggers another series of events; ice caps begin to melt and in already hot areas there are chances of forest fires etc. the melting of the ice then causes a rise in sea level and the potential release of diseases and other unknown material that was trapped in the ice from different ages ago. the rise in sea level can cause land area to decrease and small islands to be submerged. many habitats would be affected as the ice above the water acts as Insulation that keeps the water below at optimum conditions for sea creatures. on another note, the forest fires destroy habitats and property, this leads to many species becoming endangered and the environment to become inhabitable as the air is not breathable due to thick smoke etc. the fires also contribute back to the global warming and it will just get increasingly worse over a period of time if without interference. the seasons in many place will change to more rapid and serious conditions....

(hope this helps, I just went off lol)

Hydrogen bond are help in stabilizing the alpha helix structure of a protein.

Alpha helix structure is a structure whose inner section is tightly coiled main chain, its side chain extending outward in helical array. alpha helix structure is a element of secondary structure in which amino acid structure is arranged in spiral. alpha helix structure for proteins is stabilizing by intramolecular hydrogen bonding between C=O and N-H group of different peptide bond.

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The lactase enzyme lowers the activation energy required to begin breaking down lactose. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

The lactase enzyme is a part of the β-galactosidase family, found along the membrane of villi in the small intestine.

In the human body, the optimum temperature and pH for lactase are 37 ° C and 6 pH respectively. Lactase helps in the complete digestion of milk in the small intestine in the human body.

The lactase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the β-glycosidic bond of D-lactose. After the completion of the hydrolysis, D-glucose and D-galactose are obtained.

The lactase provides the path of low activation energy to initiate the breakdown of the lactose.

Therefore, option (B) is correct that lactase lowers the activation energy.

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Answer:

A has Larger volume by 0.5cm^3

Density = Mass/ Volume

Volume = Mass / Density

So, for A,

Volume = 9/10 = 0.9cm^3

For B, Volume = 4/10 = 0.4cm^3

Therefore Volume of A is larger.

Alternatively, since density of both objects are same, the object with greater mass will have larger volume.

Explanation:

Color is one of the nature of the substance, then is color a physical property?

For better understanding, let us assume that a band of the color spectrum falls on the material, absorbing the wavelength of 540 and 460 nm and reflecting the wavelength of 680nm. The resulting color of the material is red because red has a wavelength of 700-635nm. The absorbed colors are green and blue because the wavelength of green is 560-520nm and blue is 490-450nm. As the green and blue colors are absorbed by the material and red is reflected, the composition of the material does not alter; hence the color is the physical property of the material.

R

The correct option is D: Chemical property

Chemical properties can be observed only by changing a substance into a different substance.

When a substance or a material undergoes a chemical change then it becomes a completely different kind of substance.

In chemistry, chemical properties are the kind of properties that can be observed or measured as a result of a chemical change.

Examples of chemical changes are rusting of iron, combustion of a compound or fossil fuels, flammability, reactivity, acidity, and toxicity.

To put it simply, a chemical property brings a complete change to the identity of a matter.

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"perform multipule trials for each measurment instead of just one"  is the way that student can improve the experiment.

Because it controls the sorts and types of aquatic life, limits the maximum dissolved oxygen concentration of the water, and affects the speed of chemical and biological reactions, temperature is a crucial water quality and environmental characteristic.

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Answer:Because there are so many units for energy.

Explanation:

The following are all predicted to have an identical shape under the vsepr theory, with the exception of: BH 3

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Answer:

Scientific learning is the study methodology used through testing and experimentation.

Answer:

The Science of Learning is an approach that recognizes the value and importance of cross-fertilization across traditional fields of study, drawing on many different methods and techniques to understand how learning occurs— with the ultimate goal of optimizing learning for all.

The equation showing process for ionization energies -

a) For lead,

           First Ionization energy :       Pb (g)  + IE₁  →  Pb+ (g) + e-

           Second Ionization energy:  Pb+ (g)  + IE₂  →  Pb₂+ (g) + e-

b) Fourth ionization energy of zirconium -

          Zr₃+(g)   →    Zr₄+(g)+e−

To remove an electron from a gaseous atom then the energy that is required is known as Ionization Energy.

Amount of energy required to remove the most loose bounded electrons form an isolated gaseous atom to form a gaseous ion, it is called the ionization enthalpy or ionization energy. It is usually represented in the units of kJ mol-1

The first two ionization energies of lead -

Lead is a heavy metal whose atomic number is 82. It has electronic configuration : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2

Thee general formula to write the equation .

           First :              Pb (g)  + IE1  →  Pb+ (g) + e-

           Second:         Pb+ (g)  + IE2  →  Pb2+ (g) + e-

The first and second ionization energies of Lead, Pb is equal to =

First = 715.6 kJ mol⁻¹

Second = 1450.5 kJ mol⁻¹

The fourth ionization energy of zirconium is:  

                     Zr₃+(g)  →  Zr₄+(g)+e−

The fourth ionization energy is 3313 kJ mol⁻¹

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The evidence that would best support that the unknown sample is a living thing is that the sample is made of cells and is using energy (option A).

Living things are classes of things that contains life in them.

According to this question, a student is using a microscope to observe samples taken from pond water. The student notices something that she thinks may be a living thing.

In order to confirm if this unknown sample is a living thing, it must conform to the cell theory, which states that all living things are made up of one or more cells.

Therefore, the evidence that would best support that the unknown sample is a living thing is that the sample is made of cells and is using energy.

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Answer:

At the high temperature at the bottom of the furnace,carbon to produce carbon monoxide

Explanation:

The coke (essentially impure carbon) burns in the blast of the hot air to form carbon dioxide - a strongly exothermic reaction. This reaction is the main source of heat in the furnace

20.7 kJ energy is required to raise the temperature of 2kg of iron from 20 c to 23 c.

Specific heat capacity refers to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance. Specific heat capacity is denoted by c.

The formula is Q = mcΔT

Given:

Solution:

Put the values in the formula given below

Q = mcΔT

Q = (2.00 kg) (449 J/ kg°C) ( 23°C)

Q = 20654 J or Q = 20.7 KJ

Approximately 20.7 kJ heat is required to raise the temperature of 2kg of iron from 20°C to 23°C.

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The structure of matter refers to its composition.

According to Bohr's concept of the atom, an atomic system with an orbiting system of electrons and a small, dense nucleus is drawn by electrostatic forces rather than gravity and has a structure similar to that of the solar system.

Electrostatic forces, for example, pull or push on items without actually coming into touch with them.

Charge can be transferred from one surface to another when specific materials are rubbed together.

Charged objects pull uncharged ones, and other charged objects may push or pull against them.

According to Bohr's hypothesis, atoms have a tiny, positively charged nucleus that is around by negatively charged electrons.

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Balanced equation for the first step of dissotiation:

H₃PO₄(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₂PO₄⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq).

Balanced equations for the second step of dissotiation:

H₂PO₄⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ HPO₄²⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq).

Balanced equations for the third step of dissotiation:

HPO₄²⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ PO₄³⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq).

A phosphoric acid or orthophosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)  is three protic acid, which means that in water it releases three hydrogen ions. A phosphoric acid ionizes in three steps in water.

Species that are present: H₃PO₄, H₂PO₄⁻, HPO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻ and H₃O⁺.

Hydronium ion (H₃O⁺ ) is the type of oxonium ion produced by protonation of water.

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Answer:

The endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation:

can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.

Answer:

Compounds change properties when the number of atoms changes

The statement best explains the compound H₂O is not toxic to drink, but H₂O₂ is toxic to drink is compounds change properties when the number of atoms changes. The correct option is C.

H₂O is the chemical formula of water. It is made up of joining hydrogen and oxygen. Water is an essential compound of life. It is present in three forms on the earth.

H₂O₂ is the chemical formula of hydrogen peroxide. It is more viscous than water, and it is used as an antiseptic and used in cleaning cut areas and wounds.

When the atoms are more added to a compound. It changes its property because it becomes a new and different compound. Water and hydrogen peroxide are different compounds.

Thus, the correct option is C. compounds change properties when the number of atoms changes.

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Number of coulombs of positive charge in 250cm^3 water is 1.3×10^7 C

The volume of 250 cm^3 corresponds to a mass of 250 g since the density of water is 1.0 g/cm^3

This mass corresponds to 250/18 = 14 moles since the molar mass of water is 18. There are ten proton (each with charge q = +e) in each molecule of [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] So,

Q = 14NA  q =14(6.02×10^23)(10)(1.60×10^−19C) = 1.3×10^7 C.

Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body. It is also a measure of the body's inertia, the resistance to acceleration when a net force is applied. An object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies.

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Answer:

its molecule remain in position without vibrating

Answer:

The Answer is C; There is little, if any, space left between its adjacent molecules.

Explanation:

Because it is so compact, it cannot be compressed any further. Imagine trying to press down on a piece of bread versus a brick. The bread would flatten because it is full of air, but the brick would not because it is compact.

I hope this helps, have a nice day! :)

Overlapping of an sp³ orbital (which has high electron density) with an s orbital forms a stronger bond than that formed by overlapping of an s orbital with p orbital.

What is Orbital Overlapping?

When two interacting orbitals are in same phase, then the overlapping is positive and this lead in the formation of bond.  

    2. Negative Overlapping of Atomic Orbital –

 When two interacting orbitals are in opposite phase,  then the overlapping is positive and bond is not formed.

    3. Zero Overlapping of Atomic Orbital

When orbitals do not overlap each other then the overlapping is known as Zero overlapping orbital.

 Now,

    Overlapping of an sp³ orbital (which has high electron density) with an s orbital forms a stronger bond than that formed by overlapping of an s orbital with p orbital.

From the above conclusion we can say that , Overlapping of an sp³ orbital (which has high electron density) with an s orbital forms a stronger bond than that formed by overlapping of an s orbital with p orbital.

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