characterizing vibration-assisted atomic force microscopy (afm)-based nanomachining via perception of acoustic emission phenomena using a sensor-based real-time monitoring approach

Chemical molecules called neurotransmitters are released at the end of the synaptic junction, which allows the neuron to communicate with other neurons.

In the human body, neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that convey information between neurons.

The main function of these transmitters is to pass on electrical signals from nerve cells to other cells of the body including nerves, muscles, and glands.

Neurotransmitters are the major constituents of the nervous system and play a significant role in communication among different organs.

Moreover, they are also crucial for human development and growth.

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The global positioning system (GPS) satellite  that moves in a circular orbit with period of 11h 58 min has an orbital radius of: 26.55465166*10^6 m

To solve this problem the orbital radius formula and the procedure we will use is:

r =[tex]\sqrt[3][/tex][tex]\sqrt[3]{}[/tex][(G* m *T²)/(4 * π²)]

Where:

Information about the problem:

By converting the time period of (h) and (min) from (s) we have:

T = (11h *3600 s/ 1 h) + (58 min * 60 s/1 min)

T = 39600 s +3480 s

T = 43080 s

Applying the orbital radius formula we get:

r =[tex]\sqrt[3][/tex][tex]\sqrt[3]{}[/tex][(G* m *T²)/(4 * π²)]

r =[tex]\sqrt[3][/tex][tex]\sqrt[3]{}[/tex][(6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ m³/kgs² * 5.972 × 10²⁴ kg *(43080 s)²)/(4 * (3.1416)²)]

r =[tex]\sqrt[3][/tex][tex]\sqrt[3]{}[/tex][1.8725*10^22 m³]

r= 26.55465166*10^6 m

It is the maximum of the radial distribution curve of the outermost orbital.

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The speed of proton is 0.063c given that the rest energy of an electron is 0.511MeV and the rest energy of a proton is 938MeV, with both particles having kinetic energies of 2.00MeV.

From the data given,

Rest energy of an electron = 0.511MeV

Rest energy of a proton = 938MeV

Kinetic energies (K) = 2.00MeV

Using the equation.

γ=K/E_0 +1      (1)

Where, γ represents the ratio of total energy to the rest energy of the particle

γ=2.00MeV/938MeV+1  

γ=0.002+1

γ=1.002

γ can also be derived as shown below;

γ=1/(√1-v^2/c^2)

Making v which is the velocity the subject of formula we get;

γ^2=1/(1-v^2/c^2)    by squaring both sides

Simplifying it we get;

1/γ^2 =1-v^2/c^2  

v^2/c^2 =1-1/γ^2  

v/c=√1-1/γ^2  

v=√1-1/γ^2 ×c     (2)

Putting the values into equation 2 we have;

v=√1-1/〖1.002〗^2 ×c

v=√1-0.996×c

v=√0.004×c

v=0.063×c

v=0.063c

The speed of proton is 0.063c.

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найдем время, за которые Миссис хилл пробежала первые 25 метров :

T= s/v = T1+T2+T3 + .....

T1=25/10=2.5 секунд - 1/4 от всей дистанции. Найдем T2 по такому же принципу:

T2=50/9.5 = 5.3 секундный - заняли у Хилл, чтоб пробежать следующие 50 метров, найдем T3:

T3=25/11.1=2.25 секунд - последние 1/4 от всей дистанции. Найдем общее время:

T= 2.5+5.3+2.25=10.05 секунд

10.05<10.4, следовательно Мисс Булвер ЛУЗЕР.

The frequency of other tuning fork can be 240Hz or 250Hz and hence more than one option is correct

A recurring event's frequency is measured by how many times it occurs in a unit of time. To emphasize distinctions with spatial and angular frequencies, respectively, it is also sometimes referred to as ordinary frequency or temporal frequency.

Given that one tuning fork has a frequency of 245Hz

Additionally, it is stated that a 5 Hz is the beat frequency.

We know the beat frequency formula

[tex]f_ {beat}[/tex] = [tex]f_{2}[/tex] -[tex]f_{1}[/tex]

Suppose that the first tuning fork's frequency is equal to [tex]f_{1}[/tex], then

CASE 1:

5= 245- [tex]f_{2}[/tex]

[tex]f_{2}[/tex] =245+5

[tex]f_{2}[/tex] =250 Hz

CASE 2 :

5= 245 + [tex]f_{2}[/tex]

[tex]f_{2}[/tex] =245-5

[tex]f_{2}[/tex] =240 Hz

Hence there is more than one option is correct in the given question

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The truck passes the cyclist with a frequency of 8.59×10⁻³Hz.

In physics, frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a unit of time as well as the number of cycles or vibrations that a body in periodic motion experiences in a unit of time.

According to the question:

Using Doppler effects:

f' = (v+v₀/v-v₁)f

v₀ is the speed of the observer.

v₁ is the speed of the source.

v is the speed of sound in the medium.

Given:

v, speed of truck = 19.7m/s

f, frequency = 1/90Hz

v₀, speed of cyclist = 4.47m/s

v₁, speed of wave from a stationary source.

Putting in the equation:

f' = 8.59×10⁻³ Hz.

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Answer:

Heat for -20 to zero = .48 * 1000 = 480 calories

Heat to melt ice = 1000 * 79.7 = 79700 calories

Total calories required = 80,200 calories

80,200 cal * 4.19 J/cal = 336,000 J

336000 J / 1000 J/sec = 336 sec

336 sec / 60 sec/min = 5.6 min

(c - 5.55 min)

When chromium is added to colorless corundum, a red ruby is born, and a green emerald emerges when chromium is added to colorless beryl.

Chromium is a chemical element with the atomic number 24 and the symbol Cr. It is the initial component of group 6. It is a transition metal that is glossy, steely-grey, tough, and brittle.

Because of its high level of corrosion resistance and hardness, chromium metal is prized. The discovery that steel could be transformed into stainless steel, which is extremely resistant to corrosion and discoloration, was a significant advancement in the manufacture of steel. Together, stainless steel and chrome plating (chromium electroplating) account for 85% of commercial use. Chromium is highly prized as a metal that can be thoroughly polished while retaining its shine. Over 90% of infrared light and nearly 70% of the visible spectrum are reflected by polished chrome.

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In the near future, I hope that physicists will work on the following theories:

A theory for superconductors that operate at high temperatures, like YBCO.

A stochastic Monte Carlo approach, such as the wave function of interacting electrons in alkali metals, that can handle multiple identical fermions.

A hypothesis for iron superconductors, such as FeSe surface layers on a substrate.

A hypothesis explaining dark matter.

I believe environmental issues will have a greater impact on physics. Cleaner and greener lab equipment will be used in science. The particle-accelerator laboratories that once took pride in bragging about how much electricity they used to run collision tests will either have to be more discreet or, even better, prioritize energy-saving solutions. Air travel will become less acceptable as the effects of climate change worsen, making it more difficult for physicists on the go to defend their conference flights.

The field of medical physics will keep growing, with new imaging technologies and better radiotherapy procedures. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope should finally take off in astronomy.

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Answer:- b

Explanation:

The temperature of the diatomic atom's environment will vary the contributing kinetic energies for its heat capacity. At 60 K or below, the main contributor of energy is translational energy only. When the temperature rises up to about room temperature to 600 K, the contribution of rotational energy starts to be significant. When the temperature exceeds 3000 K, vibration energy is contributing to the heat capacity of a diatomic gas.

The formula for the specific heat capacity at constant volume is:

 where d is for degrees of freedom.

The translational motion contribute 3 degrees of freedom, meanwhile, the rotational and vibrational motion contributes 2 each for the degrees of freedom. Having 29.1 J/mol-K as the molar heat capacity at constant volume, the equation will be:

Having the degrees of freedom = 7 means that d.) translation, rotation, and the vibration is contributing.

Answer: B

If blinded by an approaching motor vehicle at night, it is best to slow down and avoid looking directly into the lights of the approaching vehicle which is denoted as option C.

This refers to something which is used to transport people and goods from one place to another and examples include car, lorry etc. The lights are used at night for proper vision of the road so as to reduce the risk of accidents on the road.

In a situation whereby an individual is blinded  by an approaching motor vehicle at night, it is best to slow down and avoid looking directly into the lights of the approaching vehicle so as to prevent temporary vision impairment.

This helps to prevent accidents on the road and for the safety of the driver thereby making it the correct choice.

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Answer:

Yes it is possible to have acceleration opposing direction of velocity

Explanation:

1) when you brake the car , the velocity will decrease making the the acceleration to decrease ,it is called decelerating

2) if you imagine the effect of a resistive force or a frictional force than the acceleration is in opposite direction is possible.

It is possible to avoid the spread of accidental wildfires in parks when we stop rangers from initiating a burn that is controlled. Option D

The term wild fire refers to fires that burn uncontrollably. There are some factors that could lead to the beginning of wild fires. One of the several ways that we could have the emergence of a wild fire is if a fire is set up and then is left unattended.

The effects of this wild fire could be so devastating that large buildings as well as large habitats where organisms live could become permanently damaged from the raging of the wild fire and could now amount to a tremendous damage as well as the loss of biodiversity in the ecosystem.

Thus, It is possible to avoid the spread of accidental wildfires in parks when we stop rangers from initiating a burn that is controlled.

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It does not affect the uncertainty of the velocity component in the y direction.

Any of a number of mathematical inequalities known as the uncertainty principle establishes a fundamental upper bound on the precision with which initial conditions can be used to forecast the values of some pairs of physical properties of a particle, such as location and momentum.

The measured and stated location of a particle is at x = 0 with zero uncertainty in the x direction.

According to the uncertainty principle, positional and velocity uncertainty are related along the same axis. The velocity component's x-directional component is infinitely uncertain due to the zero uncertainty in location along the x-axis, while the y-directional component is unaffected.

The correct option is (a).

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An object of mass “15kg” is in free fall in a vacuum where there is no resistance determine the acceleration of the object -9.8 m/s^2

An object of mass “15kg” is in free fall in a vacuum where there is no resistance

During a free fall motion an object acquires acceleration

a = g  ( gravity)

a = 9.8 m/s^2

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The gravitational potential energy of the pomegranate is 282.24 J

The gravitational potential energy of the melon is 250.88 J

Potential energy in physics is the energy that an item retains as a result of its position in relation to other objects, internal tensions, electric charge, or other elements.

The gravitational potential energy of an item, the elastic potential energy of a stretched spring, and the electric potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field are examples of common types of potential energy. The joule, denoted by the letter J, is the energy unit in the International System of Units (SI).

Although it has connections to the Greek philosopher Aristotle's concept of potentiality, the phrase "potential energy" was coined by the Scottish engineer and physicist William Rankine in the 19th century. Potential energy is connected to forces that affect a body in such a way that their combined work is only dependent on the body's beginning and ultimate positions in space. At any point in space, these forces, also known as conservative forces, can be represented by vectors that are gradients of a particular scalar function known as potential.

Given;

mass of pomegranate, m₁ = 0.3 kg

height of pomegranate, h₁ = 96 m

mass of melon, m₂ = 0.8 kg

height of melon, h₂ = 32 m

The gravitational potential energy of the pomegranate is calculated as;

P.E₁ = m₁gh₁

P.E₁ = 0.3 x 9.8 x 96

P.E₁ = 282.24 J

The gravitational potential energy of the melon is calculated as;

P.E₂ = m₂gh₂

P.E₂ = 0.8 x 9.8 x 32

P.E₂ = 250.88 J

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Pomegranate has a gravitational potential energy of 282.24 J.

Melon has a gravitational potential energy of 250.88 J.

Because of its position, an object can store energy. For instance, when kept at an elevated position, the large ball of a demolition machine is storing energy. Potential energy is the name given to this accumulated positional energy. Similar to this, a drawn bow's stance allows it to store energy.

Examples

a boulder perched on a cliff's edge. Potential energy will be transformed into kinetic energy if the rock falls since it will be moving. a longbow with an extended elastic string.

Step by step solution:

Given;

Mass of the  pomegranate, m₁ = 0.3 kg

Height of the  pomegranate, h₁ = 96 m

Mass of the melon, m₂ = 0.8 kg

Height of the melon, h₂ = 32 m

The gravitational potential energy of  pomegranate is calculated as;

P.E₁ = m₁gh₁

P.E₁ = 0.3 x 9.8 x 96

P.E₁ = 282.24 J

The gravitational potential energy of  melon is calculated as;

P.E₂ = m₂gh₂

P.E₂ = 0.8 x 9.8 x 32

P.E₂ = 250.88 J

Hence, Pomegranate has a gravitational potential energy of 282.24 J.

Melon has a gravitational potential energy of 250.88 J.

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The electric force is 7.60 x 10¯⁸ N.

We need to know about the electrostatic force to solve this problem. The electrostatic force produced by charges interacting each other, whose strength is given by the equation

F = k.Q1 . Q2/r²

where F is the electrostatic force, Q1 and Q2 is the charge and r is the radius.

From the question above, we know that

k = 9 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²

Q1 =e = 6.96 x 10¯⁹ C

Q2 = e = 4.02 x 10¯⁹ C

r = 1.82 m

The electrostatic force will attract each other when the charges are different and will repel each other when the charges are same.

F = k.Q1 . Q2/r²

F = 9 x 10⁹ . 6.96 x 10¯⁹ . 4.02 x 10¯⁹/1.82²

F = 7.60 x 10¯⁸ N

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Use manual gearbox to lessen the impact of force.

since we have not much space to maneuver we will identify all the possible sources.

through this sources try to minimize the damage as much as possible

Firstly we will try this :

1)

The car would try to slow down as much as it could and avoid the collision if it had a manual gearbox.

Second option could be:

2)

On the other hand, if the automobile has an automatic transmission, try to stop as hard as you can, but just before you strike the truck, to prevent going under it and lessen the force of the contact.

Last resort should be:

3)

The handbrake may also be engaged as a third option, which would cause my car to turn and attempt to avoid hitting the other car.

In case the highway is not barricaded on left side as an emergency measure we could crash off road.

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The resultant vector will be 29.5° E of N.

A = 5 m/s

B = 7 m/s at 25° NE

C = 3 m/s at 45° NW

To find the resultant vector for these given vectors,

first we need to resolve the vector B and C into X and Y direction respectively.

On resolution, vector gets distributed into its X-axis and Y-axis components.

Vector B has BCos25° as its X component and BSin25° as its Y component

Similarly, Vector C has CCos45° ac its X-axis component and CSin45° as its Y-axis component.

Now, the algebraic sum of the resolved parts of a series of forces in a particular direction is equal to the resolved part of their resultant in the same direction.

Σ along X-axis

= 5 + BCos25° - CCos45°

= 5 + 7(0.92) - 3(0.76)

= 5 + 6.44 - 2.28

Fx = 9.16 m/s

Σ along Y-axis

= BSin25° + CSin45°

= 7(0.38) + 3(0.64)

= 2.66 + 1.92

Fy = 4.58 m/s

The direction of the resultant vector is given by calculating Tan[tex]\alpha[/tex]

Here Tan[tex]\alpha[/tex] = [tex]\frac{P}{B\\}[/tex]

Tan[tex]\alpha[/tex] = [tex]\frac{4.58}{9.16}[/tex]

Tan[tex]\alpha[/tex] = 0.5

[tex]\alpha[/tex] = Tan⁻¹(0.5)

[tex]\alpha \\[/tex] = 29.5° with the X-axis

Magnitude of the resultant vector can be calculated by

= [tex]\sqrt{Fx^{2} +Fy^{2} +FxFyCos\alpha }[/tex]

= [tex]\sqrt{9.16^{2} +4.58^{2}+ 9.16*4.58*Cos29.5 }[/tex]

= 11.93 m/s

Therefore the resultant vector will be having 11.93 m/s as magnitude directing 29.5° from East to North.

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It is a maximum in the y z plane

Theoretically, magnetic field lines must traverse the coil's contained space in order for there to be magnetic flux through the coil. In contrast to the x y and x z planes, where the coils are located, the y z plane is where the magnetic field lines pass through.

The entire magnetic field that traverses a particular area is measured by magnetic flux. It is a helpful tool for explaining how the magnetic force affects things inhabiting a certain area. The precise area selected will determine how magnetic flux is measured.

When the field is perpendicular to the coil's region, the flux is at its highest level. When the x axis is located in the plane of the loop and there is no magnetic field component perpendicular to the loop, the flux is zero.

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Answer:

Acceleration:

a = 1  km/c²

Explanation:

Given:

V1 = 21 km/h

V2 = 9 km/h

Δt =13 s

________________

a - ?

a =(V2 - V1) / Δt = (21 - 9 ) /13 = 12 /13 ≈ 1  km/c²

The radius of the alpha particle's trajectory is [tex]r_{\alpha } =\frac{3}{4} (R(proton))[/tex].

The journey through space and time taken by a mass-moving object is referred to as its trajectory or flight path. Since a trajectory is determined by Hamiltonian mechanics using canonical coordinates, a full trajectory in classical mechanics is defined by position and momentum simultaneously.

A satellite or a missile could represent the mass. For example, a planet, asteroid, or comet moves around a major body in a path called an orbit.

A projectile's trajectory, such as that of a ball or rock thrown, is a well-known example of a trajectory. In a greatly simplified model, an object only moves when it experiences a constant gravitational force field.

Calculations:

Since, the collision is elastic:

Therefore, momentum will be conserved.

Which means:  [tex]m_{p}.v_{p} + m_{\alpha}.v_{\alpha } = m_{\alpha } . v_{0} +m_{p} .v_{po}[/tex]

[tex]m_{p}.v_{p} + m_{\alpha}.v_{\alpha } = m_{\alpha } . v_{0} ......(i)[/tex]

Similarly, for elastic collision:

Additionally conserved is kinetic energy:[tex]KE_{f}[/tex][tex]=KE_{I}[/tex]

                                       =1/2 [tex]m_{p}[/tex][tex]v_{p} ^{2}[/tex]+[tex]1/2 m_{\alpha }.v_{\alpha } ^{2}[/tex]=[tex]1/2m_{\alpha } v_{0} ^{2}[/tex]

For head on collision: ([tex]v_{0} -v_{p0}[/tex])=[tex](v_{\alpha } - v_{p} )[/tex]

                                     [tex]v_{\alpha } +v^{0} =v_{p}[/tex].......(ii)

and,[tex]m_{\alpha } =4m_{p}[/tex].....(iii)

therefore equation(i) becomes.

                     [tex]5v_{\alpha } =3v_{0} \\v_{\alpha } =\frac{3}{5} v_{0} \\[/tex].......(iv)

From equation (ii) and (iv)   [tex]v_{p} = \frac{3}{5} v_{0} +v_{0} =\frac{8}{5} v_{0}[/tex].......(v)

From equation (iv) and (v)    [tex]\frac{v_{p} }{v_{\alpha } } =\frac{8}{3}[/tex]

Since, [tex]r=\frac{mv}{qB}[/tex]

R(proton)=[tex]\frac{m_{p} v_{p} }{eB}[/tex]

[tex]r_{\alpha } =\frac{3}{4} (\frac{m_{p}v_{p} }{eB } )[/tex]

[tex]r_{\alpha } =\frac{3}{4} (R(proton))[/tex]

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Answer: If two objects have the same mass but have different sizes, the object with the greatest density will be the smaller of the two objects. Using an example of two cubes.

Explanation:

Answer:

the smaller of the two objects

Explanation:

If two objects have the same mass but have different sizes, the object with the greatest density will be the smaller of the two objects.

The production of an electric current by a changing magnetic field is known as electromagnetic induction.

The phenomenon when the current is produced due to changing magnetic field is given by Faraday.

And this phenomenon is called the electro-magnetic induction or magnetic induction since the electricity is generated due to the fluctuations or variance in the magnetic field.

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Answer:

electromagnetic induction

Explanation:

The electric field on the axis of the ring at the center of the ring at 30.0cm is 6.74×〖10〗^6 N/C

Where a positive charge (q) is given, always note that the charges are pointing away from the electric field. The expression used to calculate the electric field away from the center of the ring is given by the equation below,

E=(K_e×b)/(r^3×Q)

Given that;

E = Electric field

Ke = electric field constant

a = radius of the charge q from the center of the circle

Q = electric charge = 75.0μC

The radius of the charge is a = 10cm= 0.1m

Distance from the electric field is 30cm = 0.3m

Ke is a constant given as  8.99×〖10〗^(9  ) Nm^2/c^2

E=(8.99×〖10〗^(9  ) Nm^2/c^2×0.3)/(〖0.1〗^3×75×〖10〗^(-6) )

E=6.39×〖10〗^6N/C

Therefore, the electric field away from the center of the ring is 6.39×〖10〗^6N/C away from the center of the ring

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The power train is a vehicle's consists of components that generate and transmit power to the wheels.

The collection of all the parts that propel your car forward is called the powertrain. The engine of your car generates power, which the powertrain then transfers to the wheels on the ground. The engine, transmission, driveshaft, axles, and differential are the main parts of a powertrain. A high-performance sports sedan is frequently described as having smooth steering, acceleration, and braking, as well as great body control and improved driving safety. These methods are crucial, but they are not the "end-all" of a great sports car. Its incredible performance figures, such as its ability to accelerate from zero to one hundred kilometers per hour in just seconds, come exclusively from your powertrain.

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The distance traveled by the student in a car is 9 m.

The reaction time of the student is the time of motion of the meter stick and it is calculated as follows;

t = √(2h/g)

where;

t = √(2 x 0.64/9.8)

t = 0.36 seconds

x = vt

where;

x = 25 m/s  x  0.36 seconds

x = 9 m

Thus, the distance traveled by the student in a car is 9 m.

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Answer:

answer explanation

Explanation:

explanation answer

Answer:For most of history, the lack of observable stellar parallax was interpreted to mean that: Earth is stationary at the center of the Universe.

Explanation: