How much force is required to make a 12kg object accelerate 0.5m/s/s?

Answer:

Take place in grana

chemical energy is used in two processes

1:water molecules spilited

2:ATP is energy carrier

The expected nuclear DNA content of a primary spermatocyte for an organism that has 1.65 picograms in sperm cells is equal to 6.6 picograms.

The genetic content of the sperm cell is haploid in a diploid organism while the content of a primary spermatocyte cell is quadrupled to this value due to the fact that this cell is generated before the first meiotic cycle, thereby having double genetic material compared to somatic cells.

In conclusion, the expected nuclear DNA content of a primary spermatocyte for an organism that has 1.65 picograms in sperm cells is equal to 6.6 picograms.

Complete question:

If the amount of DNA in a single sperm cell is 1.65 picogram(s). What would be the expected nuclear DNA content of a primary spermatocyte in the same organism?

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Mammals primarily use Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) to erase large DNA lesions like those caused by UV radiation. Light, the environment, and several DNA-based cancer chemotherapeutic drug users.

NER deficiencies linked to the genetic condition Xeroderma pigmentosum, which is incredibly risky for developing skin cancer. The fundamental distinction between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair is that base excision repair only corrects damaged bases, which are non-bulky lesions, whereas nucleotide excision repair corrects bulky DNA adducts by removing short single-stranded DNA segments. Damage recognition, subunit assembly, dual incisions that result in excision of the damage-containing oligomer, resynthesis to fill in the gap and ligation to regenerate an intact molecule are the basic mechanisms of nucleotide excision repair.

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The two primary ways through which the precipitation passes through the water cycle​ are Rain and Snow.

The continual movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface is referred to as the water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or the hydrological cycle. The amount of water on Earth stays relatively constant over time, but how it is divided up into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, saline water (salt water), and atmospheric water varies based on a variety of climatic factors.

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff, and subsurface flow are some of the physical processes by which water travels from one reservoir to another, such as from a river to the ocean or from the ocean to the atmosphere. As a result, the water transforms into liquid, solid (ice), and vapour.

The energy exchange that takes place during the water cycle causes temperature fluctuations. Water evaporation cools the atmosphere by absorbing energy from its surroundings. It releases energy and heats the surroundings when it condenses. The climate is affected by these heat exchanges.

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The reserve medics reported a high occurrence of despair, anxiety, and strain in addition to clinically involved signs and symptoms. are risk factors of PTSD comprehensive screening and intervention applications have to be in the vicinity to assist reserve medics to cope with mental health challenges and construct resilience for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The rapid increase in cases led to the pandemic's first-rate strain on the municipal medical care gadget in Wuhan and different cities of Hubei Province, resulting in an intense shortage of medical. In reaction, the principal government mobilized different provinces, municipalities, and areas, to ship reserve medics to the maximum affected towns in Hubei, particularly the embattled Wuhan metropolis.

The reserve medics reported a high occurrence of depression, tension, and strain in addition to clinically involved signs and symptoms. complete screening and intervention programs should be in the region to assist reserve medics to address intellectual fitness challenges and construct resilience at some stage in the pandemic.

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Entropy describes how the chemical world eventually becomes disorganized because Entropy is the measurement of a number of microstates that are available to a system or environment. A microstate is an arrangement and behavior of all atoms in a system, environment, or container at a specific time.

However, the more microstate will be there, the higher will be the disorganized pattern or higher will be the atomic disturbance in a system. This disturbance and disorganization are called Entropy.

Therefore, the state of Entropy will is the most probable state of the system, environment, container, or world of chemicals. The atomic disturbances will give the complete idea about the disorganization of the systems or chemical world.

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Answer:

it has to be an idea that can be supported  through carefully crafted experimentation or observation.

The existence of ribosomes is the primary distinction between RER and SER. When ribosomes attach to an ER's surface, giving it a noticeably rough appearance, the ER is referred to as a "Rough ER." A smooth ER, on the other hand, doesn't have ribosomes on its surface.

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Neoplasia is an uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiologic control. A malignant cell is composed of cells that look like the normal cell of origin.

Neoplasia means new growth. when cells start dividing in an uncontrolled manner it leads to cancer. There are different classes of cancer such as sarcoma, lymphoma, and myeloma.

Malignant neoplasm cells are derived from epithelial cells and are called carcinomas. They are derived from connective tissues called sarcomas.

The characteristics of neoplasm include:

Causes of neoplasia:

Therefore, Neoplasia is an uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiologic control. A malignant cell is composed of cells that look like the normal cell of origin.

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Spectrophotometric measurements require the use of clean cuvettes. Failure to remove fingerprints, oil and dirt from the cuvette would affect absorbance measurements because it would affect transmittance, as spectrophotometric measurements are used to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light.

Spectrophotometry is a method used to measure how much light a chemical substance absorbs by measuring the intensity when a beam of light passes through the sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or transmits light in a certain wavelength range.

With this information, we can conclude that The basis of spectrophotometry, therefore, is passing a beam of light through the sample and measuring the intensity of the light reaching the detector. The spectrophotometer quantitatively compares the fraction of light that passes through a reference solution and a test solution.

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Answer: Homo Sapiens is the only surviving species of the genus Homo (choose your answer… sapiens, erectus or habilis). The first modern human trait to evolve was bipedalism (choose your answer… bipedalism, symbolic language or a massive skull), which allowed early humans to walk upright and use tools (choose your answer… tools, fire or language).

Explanation:

A measuring tape or direct observation can be used to gauge and contrast the dimensions of two balls.

You must be aware of a ball's circumference in order to measure it. To do this, you must measure the circumference of each ball with a measuring tape, compare the results, and decide which one is the largest.

However, observation is a different approach that can be employed and is advised when the disparity is clearly discernible

A measurement in science is a group of numerical or quantitative data that describes a characteristic of an object or event. A quantity is measured by being compared to a reference unit.

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A periodic climatic change that causes the waters off the west coast of South America to warm is known as EL Nino.

EL Nino happens after every few years. During El Nino, the trade winds blowing westward weaken along the equator. This change in air pressure pushes warm water to the east, that is towards the west coast of South America.

This periodic climatic change was first discovered in the 1600s when the local fishermen noticed warm waters. They named it El Niño de Navidad.

El Nino comes with severe effects on fishing, agriculture, and the weather in that area.

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The scientific study of organisms with the ultimate goal of characterizing and arranging them in an orderly manner is systematics.

In the field of biology, systematics can be described as the study of the different forms of organisms, present both in the past and present, and their relationships with each other.

The organisms are characterized based on the similarities and differences that are present in them over time and arranged accordingly. The organisms that have more similar characteristics are arranged closer in order than organisms that do not have many similar characteristics.

Systematics helps to make it possible to study the various similarities and differences that exist between different organisms. It also helps in determining the evolutionary relationships between organisms.

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Double Histidine Based EPR Measurements at Physiological Temperatures Permit Site‐Specific Elucidation of Hidden Dynamics in Enzymes is a research paper written by Kevin Singewald and Xiaowei Bogetti.

All biological activities revolve around protein dynamics. In this study, we use the dHis-Cu(II)NTA motif to gather site-specific data on dynamics for both a ß-sheet and a -helix site of GB1, the protein G immunoglobulin binding domain. Our CW-EPR measurements revealed spectral characteristics that agreed with both the general rigidity of GB1 and the expectations made by molecular dynamics simulations. With the use of this knowledge, we demonstrate how this method may be used to clarify the role of dynamics in substrate binding of a functionally essential -helix in human glutathione transferase A1-1 (hGSTA1-1). We find that the helix has two dynamical modes. The inclusion of the inhibitors GS-Met and GS-Hex caused the structure of hGSTA1-1 to favor the more rigid active state, but the faster mode may help with the search.

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Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. water has a high capacity for heat. Due to this property of water allows the water to prevent large fluctuations in the body temperature.

it regulates the overall body temperature and acts as a thermoregulators.

About 70% of body weight is made up of water.

water is known as the polar molecule.

The hydrogen bond in the water molecule give the water the ability to hold the heat better than any other solvents.

Water carries mineral nutrients,so through intake of water our body gets enough amount of mineral for the growth and functioning of the body.

it has the properties like cohesion and adhesion.

Cohesion is the property which created surface tension .it is the attractive force between the same molecule like cohesion between water molecules .

adhesion is generally the force of attraction between two different bodies e.g., adhesive property between water and xylem vessels.

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Answer:

E........................

Answer:

e

Explanation:

it's just right now cmon

The microbiota is made up of a diverse range of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes that are unique to one area, such the human digestive tract.

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Answer:

Smear layer

Explanation:

The examination of physical evidence by a forensic scientist is usually undertaken for identification or comparison purposes.

A forensic scientist is a kind of scientist that has a keen observation so that he can analyze a crime scene and carry out investigations.

Physical evidence can be described as any clue, such as an object, an impression, marks, etc that are present at the crime scene.

Based on the physical evidence, the forensic scientist can carry out an investigation. The physical evidence acts as a solid clue in crime investigations. A forensic scientist can identify the clue or compare it with a suspect in order to catch a culprit.

Physical, as well as chemical examination of the physical evidence, is done so that authentic results can be deduced from it.

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Forensic Analysis has been most impacted as DNA technology has improved. For Example, DNA Fingerprinting.

Forensic Analysis- The term "forensic analysis" refers to a comprehensive process for determining, examining, and documenting the origin, development, and consequences of a security incident or a breach of municipal, state, and organizational legislation.

DNA Fingerprinting- The nucleotide sequences of specific human DNA regions that are distinctive to each individual are used in the laboratory procedure known as DNA fingerprinting to ascertain a person's likely identification.

Nucleotide Sequence- The most fundamental understanding of a gene or genome is its nucleotide sequence. No comprehension of genetic function or evolution could be complete without learning about this blueprint, which includes the instructions for developing an organism.

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The complementary nature of base pairing between the two strands of DNA is the structural property of DNA that gave Watson and Crick the idea that DNA replication was likely to proceed via a semiconservative mechanism.

Watson and Crick are the two scientists known for coming up with the model of DNA, the hereditary molecule. DNA is a double helix structure made up of two strands. These strands are held together by the complementary pairing of the 4 nucleotide bases.

In the DNA, adenine from one strand pairs with thymine from the other strand. Guanine from one strand pairs with cytosine. This complementary pairing is the reason that Watson and Crick proposed the semi-conservative model for DNA replication.

In the semi-conservative model, each strand of DNA acts as a template strand from which a new strand is made.

Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:

What structural property of DNA gave Watson and Crick the idea that DNA replication was likely to proceed via a semiconservative mechanism?

A) The nitrogen content in the bases

B) The complementary nature of base pairing between the two strands

C) The repeating nature of the sugar-phosphate backbone

D) The helical shape of the double strand

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Answer:

An ocular lens consists of one to three lenses and is also provided with a mechanism, called a field stop, that removes unnecessary reflected light and aberration. Different types are available according to the magnification they provide, such as 7x and 15x.

The frequent rate of mutation in viruses such as HIV would make them more  successful in avoiding the immune system.

Mutations are random changes which occur in the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of an organism.

Mutations produce deleterious effects when they occur in organism. However, in some instances, mutation produce advantages to the organism in which they occur, for example to make pathogens resistant to drugs.

This is because the drug  target site has been modified. Also, the immune system will be unable to recognize the pathogen as in the case of viruses such as HIV.

In conclusion, mutations in pathogens can help them to evade destruction by the body's immune system or drugs.

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When viewing protists in this lab, applying a drop of methyl-cellulose may be necessary to slow the movement of the organisms so they are more easily viewed.

In a lab where organisms like protists are to be studied, methylcellulose will be a common ingredient in such labs.

Methylcellulose allows microbiologists to keep the cell of the protists intact and the behavioral activity of the protist is also maintained by methylcellulose.

Protists have cilia which allow them to move fast. Hence, for studying protists, a microbiologist needs to limit the movement of protists. Methylcellulose is known for restricting the movement of cilia hence a drop of methylcellulose is used when viewing protists.

Without methylcellulose, it will be difficult to view organisms with fast movements under a microscope.

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If Michael's pituitary gland is not functioning properly at 2 years of age, what could be the consequence of the lack of regulation of various body processes and stimulate the production of another series of hormones exerting influence from digestion to menstruation.

The pituitary gland is a small gland located in a bony space called the sella turcica. The pituitary is connected directly to the hypothalamus, providing a link between the brain and the endocrine system.

With this information, we can conclude that Change hormone production, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, stunted or excessive growth, high blood pressure, low sx drive or mood changes.

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Enzymatic activation of pyruvate kinase increases cytosolic oxaloacetate to inhibit the Warburg effect is a research paper written by Elizabeth K Wiese, Sadae Hitosugi, Sharon T Loa, Annapoorna Sreedhar, Lindsey G Andres-Beck, Kiran Kurmi, Yuan-Ping Pang, Larry M Karnitz, Wilson I Gonsalves and Taro Hitosugi.

The PKM2 paradox in the Warburg effect is a phenomena whereby lactate generation is lowered following pharmacological stimulation of the glycolytic enzyme PKM2 or expression of the constitutively active PKM1 isoform in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that oxaloacetate (OAA) inhibits human lactate dehydrogenase A competitively, and that increased PKM2 activity boosts the de novo production of OAA by glutaminolysis, inhibiting LDHA in cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the contradictory relationship between increased PKM2 activity and lower lactate concentration in cancer cells treated with a PKM2 activator was abolished by substituting human LDHA with rabbit LDHA, which is highly resistant to OAA inhibition. In addition, rabbit LDHA-expressing tumors were more resistant to the PKM2 activator than human LDHA-expressing tumors in mice.

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