The answer to the question "Magma extruded at high temperatures tends to be" is "very viscous".
Magma extruded at high temperatures tends to be very viscous.
Magma is a molten material beneath the earth's surface that can either cool and solidify, crystallize, or erupt from a volcano as lava. Magma, which is made up of a liquid portion known as a melt and a solid portion known as crystals, is less dense than solid rock and hence rises.
It's a combination of various materials including liquid rock, dissolved gases, and crystals. Magma extruded at high temperatures tends to be very viscous, which means that it's thick and sticky, making it difficult to flow. The viscosity of magma is influenced by its composition and temperature.
The more silicate in the magma, the higher the viscosity. As a result, andesitic and rhyolitic magmas have high viscosity, whereas basaltic magmas have low viscosity, making them very fluid. The degree of gas content in the magma also affects the viscosity of the magma.
Magma that is very viscous will contain a higher amount of silicate. It will be thick and sticky, making it hard to flow. As a result, magma with a high viscosity tends to be explosive when it reaches the surface.
The magma may become trapped, resulting in increased pressure and explosive eruptions that may include lava, ash, and pyroclastic material.
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soil with approximately equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay along with a generous amount of organic matter is called loam. inorganic. humus. caliche.
Loam is the soil with approximately equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay along with a generous amount of organic matter.
What is Loam soil?Loam soil is a type of soil that is made up of sand, silt, and clay in roughly equal parts. Loam soil contains more organic matter than any other soil type, making it ideal for growing plants. This soil type has the advantage of having a well-draining texture that is easy to work with, which is ideal for root development. Loam soil has a pH of 6.0 to 7.0 and is usually rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus.
Hence the correct answer is loam.
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A __________ is one that is at the lowest edge of a large glacier and where the glacier ends. They can be very large glacial landforms.
Answer:
A glacier terminus or a glacier snout is at the lowest edge of a large glacier where the ice ends. Glacial termini can be very large and may form prominent landforms such as terminal moraines, which are ridges of sediment and rock that mark the furthest extent of the glacier's advance.
A terminal moraine is one that is at the lowest edge of a large glacier and where the glacier ends. They can be very large glacial landforms.
When a glacier begins to recede or melt, terminal moraines are typically produced as the glacier's front reaches the valley floor. The terminal moraine is created as a result of the accumulation of till or other debris that has been transported and deposited by the glacier's ice.
Terminal moraines can vary in size and shape, and they can have a significant impact on the landscape in which they are located. They can be used to define the extent of an ice sheet or a glacier at any given time in the past, and they can be used to assist in understanding past climate patterns.
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wildfires may spread in three ways: slowly along the ground, as a wall of fire along a flaming combustion front, or as a(n
Wildfires may spread in three ways slowly along the ground, as a wall of fire along a flaming combustion front, or as a crown fire.
A wildfire is an uncontrollable fire that burns in the wilderness. It is sometimes referred to as a forest fire, bushfire, or grass fire because it typically happens in wooded areas, grasslands, and shrublands. Three ways in which wildfires can spread are mentioned below:Slowly along the ground:
The fire creeps slowly along the ground, burning up dead leaves, branches, and twigs. It is the slowest mode of propagation, with an average speed of 0.5 mph.Wall of fire: When a combustible substance is ignited, the fire spreads in the form of a wall of flames. When a fuel source is present, the fire spreads faster and with greater intensity.
Crown fire: It occurs when the flames reach the treetops. It may be caused by windborne embers, spotting, or surface fire that progresses upward. Crown fires can spread rapidly, spreading embers over a considerable distance.
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18. true or false:
ocean tidal bulges are actually waves with extremely long wavelengths.
19. true or false.
the sun’s gravitational pull can actually reduce the height of a high tide.
which is true of air flowing into low pressure center? which is true of air flowing into low pressure center? air converges and ascends. air diverges and ascends. air converges and descends. air diverges and descends. the air movement is called anticyclonic.
A low pressure center's airflow congregates and ascends. Cyclic movement is referred to as such. Air rises as a result of the low pressure area that is produced as the air converges.
Clouds and precipitation may form as a result of this rising air. In contrast, clear and dry circumstances result when air moving out of a high pressure center diverges and descends. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for forecasting and predicting weather conditions because air movement into and out of pressure centers plays a significant effect in weather patterns.A zone of low pressure that can result in cloud formation and precipitation is created when air flowing towards a low pressure center converges and ascends. The air flows out of a high pressure center, diverges, and descends; this movement, known as cyclonic, is the opposite of anticyclonic movement.
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chemical sedimentary rocks are classified (named) based on the . group of answer choices grain sizes of the detrital particles degree of compaction and lithification colors of the cementing minerals mineral composition
Chemical sedimentary rocks are classified based on the mineral composition of the rock.
This classification is based on the minerals that make up the rock, as the minerals provide clues to the environment of deposition. The mineral composition of the rock is determined by the grain sizes of the detrital particles, degree of compaction and lithification, and colors of the cementing minerals.
Grain size is an important factor in determining the mineral composition of a rock. Detrital particles that make up the rock will range from fine-grained (clay-sized particles) to coarse-grained (pebble-sized particles).
Coarse-grained particles are more likely to form mineral grains such as quartz, feldspar, and mica, while finer-grained particles are more likely to form clays.
The degree of compaction and lithification are also important in determining the mineral composition of a rock. Compaction is the process of squeezing and rearranging particles together and lithification is the process of changing loose sediment into solid rock.
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infer why weather ahead of a warm front might be colder and rainier than weather ahead of a cold front
The weather ahead of a warm front is typically colder and rainier than the weather ahead of a cold front because of the differences in the air masses that move ahead of each type of front.
A warm front is typically preceded by a warm air mass, which is generally more humid than a cold air mass. This warm, humid air is unstable, meaning it rises quickly and creates large amounts of precipitation in the form of rain or snow.
The cold front, on the other hand, is usually preceded by a cold, dry air mass, which is more stable than the warm air mass, meaning it rises more slowly and causes much less precipitation.
As the warm air mass rises, it also cools, creating colder temperatures ahead of the warm front. Therefore, the weather ahead of a warm front is typically colder and rainier than the weather ahead of a cold front.
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calcite is the main mineral constituent of the sedimentary rock limestone and of the metamorphic rock marble. true false
The given statement “Calcite is the main mineral constituent of the sedimentary rock limestone and of the metamorphic rock marble” is true.
What is calcite?Calcite is a mineral that is composed of calcium carbonate, which is found in many forms, including marble, limestone, and chalk. Calcite is a common mineral and is found in large quantities all over the world. It can be found in many colors, including white, gray, yellow, green, pink, blue, and black, and it is often used in construction and manufacturing processes.Limestone and marble:Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is often derived from the accumulation of marine shells and skeletons.
Marble is a metamorphic rock that is formed when limestone is subjected to heat and pressure over time.Both limestone and marble contain a high percentage of calcite, which is why they are both considered to be calcareous rocks. Calcite makes up the majority of the mineral content in these rocks and is responsible for their distinctive physical and chemical properties.
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a flood in an unmodified stream will deposit sediment outside the normal stream banks on the floodplain. when levees are constructed to confine floods, the sediment is deposited in the stream channel, which means that
When levees are constructed to confine floods, sediment is no longer deposited outside the normal stream banks on the floodplain, but is instead deposited in the stream channel. This is because the levees prevent flooding, and therefore the sediment is deposited within the stream channel instead.
When the stream channel is confined by levees, the natural flow of water is disrupted, and the sediment that would typically be deposited on the floodplain is instead forced to settle in the stream channel.
Over time, this can cause the stream channel to become shallower, narrower, and more susceptible to flooding due to a reduced capacity to hold water. This can also lead to the formation of sandbars and other sediment deposits in the channel.
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state one similarity and one difference in life expectancy in developed and developing countries
One similarity in life expectancy between developed and developing countries is that people tend to live longer in both types of countries compared to historical periods.
One difference in life expectancy between developed and developing countries is that there is often a significant gap in life expectancy between the two.
How do developed and developing countries compare in life expectancy ?Developed countries generally have higher life expectancies than developing countries due to factors such as greater access to healthcare, higher standards of living, and better infrastructure. In some cases, this gap can be quite large, with people in developed countries living many years longer on average than people in developing countries.
However, it is worth noting that the gap in life expectancy between developed and developing countries has been decreasing over time as developing countries continue to make progress in improving healthcare and other factors that contribute to longer lifespans.
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a major driving mechanism of the moc is the sinking of water in the north atlantic. this begins with the formation of . as ocean water freezes, ice crystals exclude salt and the salinity of the surrounding water increases.
The major driving mechanism of the MOC (Meridional Overturning Circulation) is the sinking of water in the North Atlantic.
This begins with the formation of sea ice. As ocean water freezes, ice crystals form and the salt that is excluded from the crystals increases the salinity of the surrounding water, which causes it to become denser and sink.
Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is a north-south (meridional) overturning circulation in the sea calculated by zonal accumulation (east-west) of the amount of water mass transport in depth or density layers.
This somersault circulation occurs in the North Atlantic, away from the subpolar regions, the MOC (which is in principle an observable quantity) is often identified with the thermohaline (THC) circulation, which is more of a conceptual interpretation.
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if quartz is present in an igneous rock, what composition must it be?group of answer choicesultramaficmaficintermediatefelsic
If quartz is present in an igneous rock, it must be of felsic composition.
Igneous rocks are formed from solidification and cooling of lava or magma. Magma is a molten material beneath the Earth's surface. If it cools and solidifies inside the Earth, it forms plutonic rocks. If it cools and solidifies on the surface, it forms volcanic rocks.Igneous rocks are further divided into four main groups depending on their chemical composition. The four groups are as follows: Ultramafic, Mafic Intermediate and Felsic.
Each group is determined by the proportion of minerals present in the rock. The amount of silica present in the rock is used to determine the groups. Felsic rocks contain the most silica while ultramafic rocks contain the least silica. Mafic rocks have an intermediate silica content while intermediate rocks have a silica content that is between that of felsic and mafic rocks.Quartz is a mineral that is rich in silica. Therefore, if quartz is present in an igneous rock, it must be of felsic composition.
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As atmospheric CO2 increases, it traps the heat in the atmosphere; this is called the __________ effect.
As atmospheric CO2 increases, it traps the heat in the atmosphere; this is called the greenhouse effect.
As atmospheric CO2 increases, it traps the heat in the atmosphere; this is called the greenhouse effect.
What is the Greenhouse Effect?The Greenhouse Effect refers to the process by which the earth's atmosphere traps the heat from the sun and keeps it from being lost to space. The gases that create this effect are called "greenhouse gases," and they include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. While some of these gases are produced naturally, others are human-made. There are many factors that can affect the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, including industrialization, deforestation, and population growth.
As greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere, they can trap more and more heat, leading to a phenomenon known as "global warming." This can have far-reaching effects on the planet, including rising sea levels, increased frequency and severity of storms, and changes in precipitation patterns.
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if the weather forecaster indicates that a frontal system is approaching your area with a strong squall line, what type of frontal system is headed your way?
If the weather forecaster indicates that a frontal system is approaching your area with a strong squall line, then the type of frontal system that is headed your way is a cold front.
What is a cold front?
A cold front is defined as the boundary between two air masses that have different temperatures, densities, and humidities. The cold front's leading edge, which is a front of cold air, pushes underneath the warmer air ahead of it.
The more gradual lifting of warm air leads to the development of a weather system, which can be accompanied by cumulus clouds, thunderstorms, and squalls. The squall line is a strong outflow boundary of cold air produced by the front's faster movement.
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mars's seasonal winds are driven primarily by group of answer choices dust vaporization of carbon dioxide ice. vaporization of water ice. changes in air pressure due to volcanic activity.
The seasonal winds on Mars are primarily driven by changes in air pressure due to volcanic activity.
The most important factor controlling the winds is the variation in pressure that is caused by the varying amounts of carbon dioxide, dust, and water ice in the atmosphere. During the Martian year, the atmospheric pressure can change drastically, as the air warms and cools over the course of a Martian year. The changes in pressure cause winds to blow from higher-pressure regions to lower-pressure regions. This pressure difference causes dust storms, as well as the polar winds which can be seen in images of the Martian surface. The amount of vaporization of carbon dioxide and water ice can also affect the wind speeds, but the main factor remains the pressure difference.
In conclusion, the seasonal winds on Mars are primarily driven by changes in air pressure due to volcanic activity. This pressure difference is caused by varying amounts of carbon dioxide, dust, and water ice in the atmosphere, resulting in dust storms and polar winds. The vaporization of carbon dioxide and water ice can also contribute to wind speed, but the main factor remains the pressure difference.
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The greater the slope, the _____ the runoff.
The greater the slope, the faster the runoff.
What is a slope?Slope is a measure of the steepness of a surface. The slope of a surface is the amount of change in height divided by the amount of change in distance. The slope of a surface is determined by comparing the height of two points on the surface to the distance between them.
What is runoff?Water that flows over the ground surface, as opposed to infiltrating the ground, is referred to as runoff. It occurs when the ground is unable to absorb water from rainfall or other forms of precipitation. Runoff is one of the main sources of surface water pollution in the United States.Therefore, the greater the slope, the faster the runoff. It's because water is more likely to flow downhill faster when the slope is greater.
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the giant planet that has an axis that points roughly straight up, and thus has no seasons to speak of, is:
The giant planet that has an axis that points roughly straight up, and thus has no seasons to speak of, is Uranus.
Uranus is the giant planet that has an axis that points roughly straight up, and thus has no seasons to speak of. Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun, and it was the first to be discovered by means of a telescope. It's also the third-largest planet in terms of diameter, and it's the fourth-most massive.
Uranus is also distinctive in that it is the only planet in the solar system that has an axis that is nearly perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. In addition, Uranus is primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane, which accounts for its pale blue color. Uranus' atmosphere contains bands of clouds that are made up of methane crystals. The planet also has an extensive system of rings and a multitude of moons orbiting it.
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the richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the .group of answer choicesintensity of the earthquakearrival time of p and s wavesarrival time of p and surface wavesduration of the earthquake
The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the arrival time of P and S waves. Therefore the correct option is option B.
The Richter magnitude scale is a measure of an earthquake's size that assigns a single number to the amount of seismic energy released. Earthquakes are classified according to their magnitude, and the Richter magnitude scale is one of several scales used to do so. The Richter scale was developed by Charles F.
Richter, an American seismologist. The Richter scale, which ranges from 1 to 10, is a logarithmic scale.
Therefore, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in seismic energy. To summarize, the Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the arrival time of P and S waves.
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The following question may be like this:
The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the .group of answer choices
intensity of the earthquakearrival time of p and s wavesarrival time of p and surface wavesduration of the earthquakewhat is the interpreted plate motion direction for the pacific plate for the time period between the formation of kauai and the big island of hawaii
Interpreted plate motion direction for the Pacific plate for the time period between the formation of Kauai and the Big Island of Hawaii is northwest, as it moves over the Hawaii hotspot.
Plates on Earth’s lithosphere have been in motion since the creation of the planet, and the movement of plates causes numerous geological phenomena, including mountain formation, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.
The Pacific Plate, on the other hand, has moved in various directions in recent geological history, including northward, southeastward, and westward. The direction of motion of the Pacific Plate is northwest over the Hawaii hotspot, resulting in the creation of the Hawaiian Islands.
The interpretation of plate motion helps scientists to understand the past motion of plates, present geological phenomena, and future outcomes of plate tectonics.
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describe the stages leading to formation of a detrital sedimentary rock: e.g. weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, compaction, and lithification. at what stage does compaction and lithification occur?
The stages leading to the formation of a detrital sedimentary rock are weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, compaction, and lithification. Compaction and lithification occur in the final stages of detrital sedimentary rock formation.
Detrital Sedimentary Rocks (also known as clastic sedimentary rocks) are created by the accumulation of rock and mineral fragments that have been weathered from pre-existing rocks, transported by wind, water, or ice, and then cemented together by mineral cement that precipitates from groundwater.
The Stages Leading to the Formation of a Detrital Sedimentary
Rock Weathering The first stage in the development of a detrital sedimentary rock is weathering. Weathering is the decomposition of rocks that occurs as a result of physical, chemical, or biological processes.
Erosion The second step is erosion, which occurs as a result of the transport of weathered rock particles by wind, water, or ice.
Transportation The third step is transportation. The movement of weathered rock particles by water, wind, or ice to a site where deposition can occur.
Deposition The fourth step is deposition, where weathered rock particles are deposited in layers by water, wind, or ice in a specific location.
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an area that drains to a common waterway is called: a. urban runoff b. deforestation c. watershed d. ozone
An area that drains to a common waterway is called a watershed. The correct option is option C.
What is a watershed?A watershed is a location in which rain, snow, and other precipitation fall and drain into a common waterway, such as a river, lake, or ocean. The waterway, which transports water to the location, is the end of the watershed. A watershed, also known as a drainage basin, refers to the area of land that drains into a particular river system or other waterbody.
It may be a small, concentrated drainage basin, such as a small lake or wetland, or a large region with many rivers and tributaries. All water that falls inside the watershed's boundaries eventually makes its way to the river or other body of water.
What is Urban Runoff?Urban runoff is the discharge of precipitation and other pollutants from developed regions such as towns and cities. Urban runoff carries contaminants from roads, buildings, and other impervious surfaces, resulting in higher levels of pollution in the water.
As a result, it has the potential to cause significant ecological damage and has been linked to a variety of public health concerns.
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which factor will increase the salt concentration in seawater? responses precipitation precipitation evaporation evaporation runoff runoff ice cap melting
Evaporation is the factor that will increase the salt concentration in seawater.
Seawater is primarily made up of water and dissolved salts. Salts come from the weathering of rocks on land and volcanic activity on the seafloor.
When seawater evaporates, the water is removed, but the salts remain, resulting in an increase in salt concentration.
The salt concentration in seawater is measured in parts per thousand (ppt) or salinity, and it varies depending on where you are in the world. Salinity levels can range from 32 to 37 ppt.
The salinity of seawater also varies depending on the temperature, pressure, and amount of dissolved gases in the water.
Seawater is denser than freshwater because of its high salt content.
Because saltwater is denser than freshwater, it tends to sink beneath it, which causes ocean currents.
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Answer: THE ANSWER IS D) Evaporation
Explanation: I GOT A 100 ON THE 3 QUESTION QUIZ
explosive volcanoes tend to occur at which type of plate boundary?
Explosive volcanoes tend to occur at convergent plate boundaries.
Volcanoes that erupt explosively are known as explosive volcanoes.
These volcanoes eject ash, gas, and rocks high into the air during their eruptions, resulting in the formation of pyroclastic flows, which are dense collections of hot ash, rock fragments, and gas that flow down the slopes of the volcano.
A boundary where two tectonic plates come together and interact is known as a convergent plate boundary.
Convergent plate boundaries are characterized by the fact that one plate is typically forced beneath the other as they collide, resulting in the formation of a subduction zone.
Explosive volcanoes tend to occur at convergent plate boundaries. At convergent plate boundaries, two plates come together, and one is forced beneath the other.
When the lower plate sinks into the hot mantle, it causes melting, and this molten rock rises to the surface, forming a volcano.
The most explosive volcanoes are those that occur at subduction zones because the magma that rises to the surface is rich in water and other volatile elements, making it more explosive when it reaches the surface.
Some examples of explosive volcanoes include Mount St. Helens in the United States, Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.
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The __________ Divide separates the water that flows into the Gulf of Mexico on its way to the Atlantic Ocean from the water that flows into the Pacific Ocean.
The Rocky Mountains divide separates the water that flows into the Gulf of Mexico on its way to the Atlantic Ocean from the water that flows into the Pacific Ocean.
What is Rocky Mountain?Rocky Mountain is a long mountain range situated in North America that stretches around 4,800 kilometers (3,000 miles) from New Mexico, the United States, to British Columbia, Canada. The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, have a height of up to 4,401 meters (14,440 feet).The Rocky Mountains are a major range of mountains in western North America.
What are the Rocky Mountains like?The Rocky Mountains feature a variety of terrains and environments, including forests, valleys, tundras, glaciers, and plains. These environments house a diverse array of flora and fauna, such as elk, deer, and mountain lions. The Rocky Mountains are also home to several national parks, including Yellowstone National Park and Rocky Mountain National Park.
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The Pontotoc Ridge region borders the state of
and is known for its
soil. This type of soil is excellent for growing
, which thrives even though the soil is not very
While not being particularly fertile, the Pontotoc Ridge region, which borders Alabama, is renowned for its fertile soil, which is great for growing cotton.
In what kind of soil is the Pontotoc Ridge located?The red clays and sands of Lafayette are a major source of the soils in Pontotoc Ridge. There are also a few isolated pockets of residual soils from the Ripley, and it's possible that the Lafayette is made up at least in part of materials from the Ripley.
What crop reduced the soil's fertility in the Pontotoc region?From the southern boundary to Starkville, the Pontotoc flows. Sand and clay make up the soil. Here, maize was grown by early white immigrants and Native Indians. Corn's healthy soil was harmed when cotton took its place as a crop.
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What evidence of low rainfall is shown on topographic map in geography grade 12
Answer:
when the map is blue
Explanation:
Contours make it possible to show the height and shape of mountains, the depths of the ocean bottom, and the steepness of slopes. USGS topographic maps also show many other kinds of geographic features including roads, railroads, rivers, streams, lakes, boundaries, place or feature names, mountains, and much more.
_______________ form when more resistant rock does not erode and less resistant rock on each side does.
Rock Formation form when more resistant rock does not erode and less resistant rock on each side does.
What is a Rock Formation?Rock formations are the result of a geological process that causes rock to break, crack, erode, and form new structures. Rocks are constantly being formed, eroded, and recycled through the rock cycle, but some rocks are more resistant to erosion than others. The more resistant rocks, such as granite, sandstone, or limestone, can resist erosion and weathering, while less resistant rocks, such as shale, clay, or sand, erode more easily. This results in the formation of various landforms, including buttes, mesas, spires, arches, and cliffs.
Rock formations can take millions of years to form and are shaped by a combination of geological processes such as tectonic activity, erosion, weathering, and deposition. They can be found all over the world and provide valuable information about the earth's history and geology.
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which of the following problems is directly associated with irrigation? i. fishery collapse ii. waterlogging iii. salinization
Irrigation is directly associated with the problem of salinization. Salinization occurs when the soils and groundwater become saltier due to irrigation.
Irrigation is directly associated with which of the following problems?
The other problems, fishery collapse and waterlogging, are not directly related to irrigation.
Fishery collapse is related to overfishing and pollution in the water bodies, whereas waterlogging occurs when the soil is saturated with water and lacks proper drainage.
What is irrigation?Irrigation is the process of applying water to plants or crops to help them grow in a dry or semi-dry area.
It is typically used in areas where rainfall is scarce, or where the water supply is insufficient to meet the needs of the crops or plants grown in the region.
Irrigation can help improve agricultural yields and ensure food security in regions where the population relies on agriculture as the main source of livelihood.
However, it can also lead to various problems, including salinization, depletion of groundwater, and soil erosion.
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which mining process uses heavy equipment to dig holes to remove ores, as well as sand, gravel, and stone? dredging heap leaching open-pit mining strip mining
The strip mining process uses heavy equipment to dig holes to remove ores, as well as sand, gravel, and stone. The correct option is d.
Strip mining is a process that uses heavy equipment to remove ores, sand, gravel, and stone from the earth. It involves digging a large trench and removing the material layer by layer, until the desired material is exposed. The correct option is d.
The material is then hauled away and processed. Strip mining is often used to mine coal and tar sands, and is used when the material is too deep to access by open-pit mining.
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The process of the ice falling into the ocean is called glacial __________.
The process of the ice falling into the ocean is called glacial calving.
What is Glacial Calving?Glacial calving is the breaking off of a chunk of ice from a glacier or ice shelf, often resulting in a piece of ice that is so large it is referred to as an iceberg. When ice detaches from a glacier, ice shelf, or ice front, this process occurs. Calving might be the result of melting or some other form of ice instability, but it is most commonly caused by a collision with water. Calving can happen when ice sheets flow into the ocean, as is the case with the Greenland ice sheet. When glaciers reach the sea, their weight makes them flow out over the water, forming an ice shelf. Waves can then eat away at the ice shelf, leading to chunks of ice being broken off by the motion of the water below.
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