Prior to the work of Carl Woese, scientists did not distinguish between members of the archaea and the bacteria.
What is Carle woese famous for ?Microbiologist Carl Woese made significant contributions to phylogenic taxonomy. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic were the first two domains on the tree of life, however Woese challenged this idea using ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
It was proposed that these species were as unrelated to bacteria as bacteria are to eukaryotes in a 1977 paper published by Woese and his postdoctoral fellow George Fox in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.The way Woese used to identify this "third form of life," comparing the sequences of one specific molecule essential to cellular function, called ribosomal RNA, has since become the norm for identifying and categorising all species.Learn more about Carl Woese here:
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quality of life after functional aesthetic septorhinoplasty in primary surgery vs. revision surgery-a monocentric study
Both after the initial septorhinoplasty and the subsequent revision operation, the disease-specific QOL significantly improved. Following surgery, the NOSE score considerably rose in both intervention groups.
What is septorhinoplasty ?The goal of a septorhinoplasty, also known as a rhinoseptoplasty, is to improve the nose's appearance and function, or more specifically, to improve breathing and the nose's look. It seeks to balance the nose's form with the rest of the face.
A prescription for an over-the-counter drug that has been approved can assist with minor discomfort and swelling that may last a day or two. Patients may choose to sleep with their heads up in order to lessen the minor side effects. Septoplasty is a quick procedure for the nose that has significant outcomes.Learn more about Septorhinoplasty here:
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The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has eight chromosomes (four pairs) in all of its somatic cells.
You investigate a fruit fly egg in metaphase I. How many different random alignments of the
homologous chromosomes are possible?
According to the random lining of homologous chromosomes, one single pair of homologous chromosomes has 2 possible orientations. The number of random alignments in the cell is 2ⁿ. Here, 2ⁿ = 16.
What is the random alignment of homologous chromosomes?The random lining of homologous chromosomes (metaphase 1) is one of the three mechanisms involved in genetic variation, together with Crossing-over and random fertilization.
Gamete formation involves the random and independent segregation of the alleles.
During metaphase I, homologous pairs migrate to the equatorial plane, where they randomly aline with their kinetochores facing opposite poles.
The random arrangement of tetrads is different in every cell going through the meiosis process. There is no equal alinement between two cells.
During Anaphase I, occurs independent segregation of homologous chromosomes. In this stage, each of the homologous chromosomes migrates forward to the pole they are facing.
Each of the chromosomes has two possibilities for orientation at the plane. They can face one pole or the other, and this random arrangement is what introduces variation into the gametes.
This separation generates different chromosomal combinations in the daughter cells. There are two alternatives per homologous pair.
The number of different random alignments of the homologous chromosomes equals the number of gametes with different combinations, which is 2ⁿ, where n = number of homologous pairs.
In the exposed example there are 4 pairs of chromosomes (eight chromosomes in total), so
the number of random alignments = 2ⁿ = 2⁴ = 16
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Can someone tell me the real answers of these 10 questions I really need them to pass
A, C, B, A, A, C, D, C, C, A, A
Why is the plasma membrane considered as a barrier?
Answer:
They are semi-permeable, which means that some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer but others cannot.
Explanation:
please make my answer as brainelist
Lana is studying the deer that live in a forest . She concludes that all of the deer are members of the same Choose .
Answer: Species
Explanation: Hope it helps!
what are the major groups and types of collagen, their functions, and their locations in connective tissues?
Collagen is a protein present most abundantly in the body. Its main function is to provide structure, strength and support throughout the body. There are 5 major types found in different locations like cartilage, bones, etc.
The main component of the body's skin, muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues is collagen. Additionally, it is present in blood vessels, organs, and intestinal lining. About 30% of the total protein comes from it. The three primary amino acids in collagen are proline, glycine, and hydroxyproline. These amino acids combine with the right quantity of copper, vitamin C, manganese, and zinc to create triple-helical protein fibrils.
Functions of collagen include:
• Form fibroblasts in the middle skin layer (dermis) which grows new cells.
• Replace dead skin cells.
• Providing a protective covering for organs.
• Giving elasticity, structure and strength to the skin.
• Help in blood clotting.
Based on the assembly of the molecules, cell components and the position of the collagen, there are 28 types of collagen identified.
The major five types of collagen are:
• Type I – is densely packed and makes up 90% of the body’s collagen. It provides structure to the skin, bones, tendons and ligaments.
• Type II – provides joint support and is found in elastic cartilage.
• Type III – muscles, arteries and organs include this type.
• Type IV –layers of the skin include this type.
• Type V – is found in the cornea, some layers of skin, hair and tissue of the placenta.
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When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. How does this affect the sustainability of the ecosystem?.
When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. The sustainability will not be affected if one link is removed hence typically if one link in the food web is removed, the ecosystem will remain stable.
In the field of science, we describe an ecosystem as the combination of all the biotic and abiotic factors of an area.
If there are many biotic factors i.e many species present in an area, then this means that there are more number of organisms acting as predators and prey. Even if the population of a single species decline, there will be a substitute species present on which a predator can feed.
A greater number of species means a greater number of links in a food web. Hence, for such an ecosystem, sustainability will not be affected if a single link is removed from the food web.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. How does this affect the sustainability of the ecosystem?
A. Typically, if one link in the food web is added, the ecosystem will change its location.
B. Typically, if one link in the food web is removed, the ecosystem will no longer exist.
C. Typically, if one link in the food web is removed, the ecosystem will remain stable.
D. Typically, if one link in the food web is added, the ecosystem will destabilize.
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A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a mutation that eliminates the exonuclease function of dna pol iii. Which prediction about the mutational load in the adult fruit flies is most likely to be correct?.
The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have significantly more mutations than average.
What is responsible for repairing DNA mutations in cells?Base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination (HR), and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are at least five primary DNA repair processes that are active at various periods of the cell cycle and enable the cells to repair DNA damage.
What is DNA mutation?Changing an organism's DNA sequence is known as a mutation. An infection with a virus, exposure to mutagens, or mistakes in DNA replication during cell division can all cause mutations.
What causes DNA mutations?Mutations can be caused by mistakes in DNA replication or by mutagens, such as radiation and chemicals, which interact with DNA and alter the architecture of individual nucleotides. DNA repair enzymes are found in all cells, and they work to reduce the amount of mutations that happen.
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What is an important environmental science topic that needs addressed in the world
Examples would be: global warming, acid rain, air pollution, urban sprawl, waste disposal, ozone layer depletion, water pollution, climate change and many more affect every human, animal, and nation on this planet.
a disease agent can affect more than one organ of the body, and more than one disease agent can affect the same organ of the body. which term best describes this aspect of disease etiology?
A disease agent can affect more than one organ of the body, and more than one disease agent can affect the same organ of the body are multifactorial in origin
What is Multifactorial inheritance ?When more than one factor contributes to a trait or health issue, such as a birth defect or persistent sickness, this is referred to as multifactorial inheritance. Genes can play a role, but other non-gene-related factors can also be important. These may consist of: Nutrition. Lifestyle
There is general agreement that there are numerous mechanisms and reasons involved in sudden infant death syndrome, which is complex. Understanding the complex and multifaceted nature of obesity requires a study of genotype by environment interactions.Learn more about Multifactorial inheritance here:
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Is the type of connective tissue that forms a structural net to support other cells.
The type of connective tissue that forms a structural net to support other cells is called the Reticular connective tissue.
'Reticular' literally means 'net' or 'network'. The reticular connective tissue is a mesh-like network of fibres made up mostly of reticular fibres that support other soft tissues and organs like the spleen, red bone marrow and other lymphatic organs.
The reticular fibres that make up most of the reticular connective tissue is made up of type III collagen. There are more than 20 different types of reticular fibres, depending on the type of collagen it contains.
Since the reticular connective tissue provides support in the body, it is also called the soft skeleton. In the body, reticular connective tissue can be found in the liver, kidney, lymph nodes, bone marrow and adipose tissue.
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Put the following events into the correct order in which they are thought to have occurred according to the impact hypotethesis
Here is the order of events which they are thought to have occurred according to the impact hypothesis.
impactdebris and tsunami devastate North Americasoot released by global forest fireslong global winterextinction of large fraction of all speciesThe moon may have formed from the ejecta of a collision between the proto-Earth and a planet the size of Mars around 4.5 billion years ago, according to the giant-impact hypothesis, also known as the Big Splash or the Theia Impact (about 20 to 100 million years after the Solar System coalesced).
Theia, the name of the fabled Greek Titan who was Selene, the goddess of the Moon's mother, is frequently used to refer to the colliding bodies. According to a 2016 report on lunar rock analysis, the impact may have been a direct hit, thoroughly mixing both parent planets.
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can someone help me please
Answer:
buddy i got you. IT ISSSSSSS A!
Explanation:
Which level of organization is characterized as a group of the same species that lives in one area.
*
Biome
Community
Ecosystem
Organism
Population
Answer:
A population is characterized as a group of the same species that lives in one area.
Explanation:
We know this is the answer because, according to the question, it is the only level of organization that is characterized by this definition.
How many turns of the calvin cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose?.
Answer:
3 turns[tex]\mathrh{.}[/tex]
Answer:
2
Explanation:
microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of important nutrients in plant nutrition, particularly those of
Microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of important nutrients in plant nutrition, particularly those of Carbon.
What are Microorganisms ?
A living thing that can only be observed under a microscope. Protozoa, algae, fungus, and bacteria are all examples of microorganisms. Viruses are occasionally categorized as microbes even though they are not thought of as living things.
In the recycling of nutrients, soil bacteria are crucial. They release nutrients by breaking down organic materials. They are crucial for capturing and transforming nutrients so that plant roots may absorb them from the soil. The pace of nutrient cycling is influenced by a number of biotic, physical, and chemical variables.
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Identify physical and chemical characteristics of water
The physical characteristics of water include temperature, color, taste and odor, turbidity and specific conductivity. The chemical characteristics of water include pH, dissolved oxygen, total solids and suspended solids, hardness and chloride content.
Water has physical, chemical as well as biological characteristics. The physical characteristics like temperature, color, taste and odor, turbidity help in determining the quality of water to a large extent. The specific conductivity gives an estimate about total quantity of dissolved salts present in water.
The chemical characteristics like pH help in determining the acidity or alkalinity of water using a logarithmic scale while dissolved oxygen represents the amount of free, non-compound oxygen found in water.
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You and your friends are in the food court at the mall drinking soda. You notice that the level of liquid in the straw is higher than the liquid in the cup. What are the twwo water properties
Answer:
Cohesion and capillary action
Explanation:
Cohesion and capillary action are the answers. Cohesion is the attraction of water to water. Capillary action is when water travels up without something helping or propelling it. So, using cohesion, the liquid in the example is attracted to itself and sticks together. Capillary action occurs, making the stuck- together liquid travel up the straw and be higher than the liquid in the cup.
Hope this helps! :)
scientists suspect that modern horses have different dietary habits than horses that lived long ago. what is the most reliable source that scientists can use to prove that horses have changed over time?
Compare the teeth of modern horses to fossilized teeth from ancient horses.
The sharper points associated with a diet of leaves replaced the cusps of a fruit-eater in the horses' teeth some 33 million years ago, causing a noticeable change. The rain forests were vanished at this point, and the weather had become chilly.
According to Mihlbachler, "the signal we are receiving in the shift in the food of horses is extremely compatible with what we understand about how the environment was changing.
The teeth of certain prehistoric horses, which were most closely linked to contemporary horses, underwent a significant alteration around 18 million years ago.
Their teeth developed a more intricate surface that was more adapted for chewing difficult vegetation, especially grasses, which contain silica particles that can damage teeth. The teeth also started to get longer.
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Whether or not a person detects a stimulus depends only upon that person’s absolute threshold. True or false?.
Answer: false................
Please Help! Calcium is an ion found in many of the foods we eat. Why is calcium needed in living organisms?
It is not needed since it is an inorganic compound
it maintains a balance of water
it helps maintain the acid balance in the body
it plays an important roll in the function of muscles
According to the research, the correct option is it plays an important role in the function of muscles. That is the statement that describes why calcium is needed in living organisms.
What is calcium?It is a metal that exists in all tissues, but especially in bones, where it constitutes the main inorganic component.
In this sense, It intervenes in multiple processes, they are responsible for regulating muscle contraction (along with potassium and sodium) and participate in the metabolism of glycogen, so it is very important that its blood level remains constant.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is it plays an important role in the function of muscles. That is the statement that describes why calcium is needed in living organisms.
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It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells. True or false?.
Answer: false..................
Explanation:
What is the evidence that chiasmata are points of physical exchange between chromatids?.
Knobs and translocations are the evidence that chiasmata are points of physical exchange between chromatids.
Cytological indicators like as knobs and translocations have been used to demonstrate that there is a physical exchange of chromosome arms during meiosis. The chiasma is a structure that arises between two homologous chromosomes by crossover recombination and physically connects the two chromosomes during meiosis.
It is particularly important to develop during cell division because it aids in the attachment of chromosomes to opposing spindles. Chiasmata assist chromosomes in appropriately dividing. If there are chiasmata during metaphase I of meiosis, the alignment will be correct. Thus, these two evidence point to physical changes between chromatids in meiosis.
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what effect does the nervous system have on the heart rate? stimulation by sympathetic nerves sets the resting heart rate of the pacemaker cells in the sa node. stimulation by sympathetic nerves causes the pacemaker cells of the av node to depolarize more rapidly than the pacemaker cells of the sa node. stimulation by either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves causes pacemaker cells in the sa node to depolarize more slowly. stimulation by parasympathetic nerves causes the heart rate to slow down. the nervous system does not directly affect the heart rate.
The effect nervous system has on the heart rate is
Stimulation with the aid of parasympathetic nerves causes the coronary heart charge to slow down.
the 2 branches of the autonomic (involuntary) worried machine regulate coronary heart price. The parasympathetic apprehensive system and the sympathetic apprehensive gadget (SNS and PNS) (PNS).
To increase heart rate, the sympathetic worried gadget (SNS) produces the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The hormone acetylcholine is released with the aid of the parasympathetic apprehensive gadget (PNS) to reduce the coronary heart fee. Your heart rate may briefly increase due to stress, espresso, and pleasure, whereas it is able to temporarily lower because of meditation or deep, constant respiration.
Any quantity of exercise will enhance your coronary heart fee, a good way to stay up as long as you hold exercising.
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The macromolecules depicted in the image
below make up a barrier that surrounds the outside
of all cells. What type of macromolecule is
pictured?
a. Protein
b. Cellulose
c. Enzyme
d. Phospholipids
2. Even though it has a much lower temperature, why does a warm pool have more thermal energy (heat)
than a cup of boiling water?
At 0°C and 100°C, respectively, on the Celsius scale, water freezes. A lot more water is present in the swimming pool, though. In spite of the fact that the tea is hotter than the pool's water, the pool has more thermal energy than the tea does.
Thermal energy, expressed in joules or J, is the measure of how much heat a thing has.
Temperature: An object's temperature, expressed in Celsius degrees, refers to how hot or cold it is. However, the swimming pool has a greater thermal energy storage capacity than a cup of coffee since it has more water in it. When compared to an 80°C cup of tea, a huge swimming pool at 30°C is cooler. However, because a swimming pool has more water than a cup of tea does, it has the capacity to retain more thermal energy.
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What processes make up the general life cycle of spermatophytes? (choose all that apply)
Spermatophytes are the seed-bearing plants. Spermatophytes are also known as phanerogams. The major stages or processes that make up the life cycle of spermatophytes are pollination, germination and fertilization. Thus, correct options are A, B and C.
What are Spermatophytes?Spermatophytes are the plants that form seeds. Spermatophyte is the largest vascular plant lineage. Spermatophyte is divided into two major classes- Gymnosperms and Angiosperms on the basis of structure of ovary.
Spermatophytes produce seeds by the fertilization of male and female gametes. These gametes come under close contact by pollination. Pollination is the process by which pollens (male gametes) are transferred to female gamete. After pollination, the gametes undergo fertilization to produce zygote which produce seeds. These seeds again undergo germination to produce the whole plant. Thus, A, B and C are the correct options.
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Your question is incomplete, probably the complete question/missing part is:
What processes make up the general life cycle of spermatophytes? (choose all that apply)
A. pollination
B. germination
C. fertilization
D. cell respiration
When an invasive species is introduced into a new habitat where it has no natural predators, it can quickly populate. Which best predicts the effect this will have on the native species of the habitat?
A.
The native species will compete for resources in the habitat.
B.
The native species will thrive in the habitat.
C.
The native species will remove all of the resources in the habitat.
D.
The native species will destroy the habitat.
answer:
a. the native species will compete for resources in the habitat.
explanation:
since there are no predators for the introduced species to be monitored by, the native species will compete for resources that the introduced species is depleting.
two cardiologists conducted a study that culminated in the first identification of type a and type b behavioral patterns. what were some of the observations those cardiologists made that inspired the rese
Type A and type B are two categories made by a pair of cardiologists based on various personality traits exhibited by an individual
Who discovered type A and type B personalities?Two cardiologists are credited with developing the type A and type B personality theories. Meyer Friedman and RH Rosenman conducted research on potential coronary disease causes in the 1950s. Friedman and Rosenman created a system for classifying individuals as either type A, type B, or type AB after conducting a nine-year study of approximately 3,000 healthy males between the ages of 35 and 59. (for those who defied easy categorization).
What were their conclusions made by them?They concluded that those with type A personalities are more prone to be preoccupied with status and success. They are frequently compulsive workers who could struggle with impatience and low self-esteem. Additionally, they are more likely to lash out quickly. Unsurprisingly, Friedman and others have identified this personality type that has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. People with type B personalities are more likely to be tolerant and even-tempered, and they also report higher levels of life satisfaction.
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Humans all have the same genes as other humans, but the alleles may differ between individuals. True or false?.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute to each person's unique physical features