Question: An Air-Track Glider Attached To A Spring Oscillates Between The 10.0 Cm Mark And The 57.0 Cm Mark On The Track. The Glider Completes 15.0 Oscillations In 31.0 S.What Are The (A) Period, (B) Frequency, (C) Amplitude, And (D) Maximum Speed Of The Glider?Part A -Express Your Answer Using Two Significant Figures.T = _________sPart B -Express Your Answer Using
An air-track glider attached to a spring oscillates between the 10.0 cm mark and the 57.0 cm mark on the track. The glider completes 15.0 oscillations in 31.0 s.
What are the (a) period, (b) frequency, (c) amplitude, and (d) maximum speed of the glider?
Part A -
Express your answer using two significant figures.
T = _________s
Part B -
Express your answer using two significant figures.
f = _________Hz
Part C -
Express your answer using two significant figures.
A = _________cm
Part D -
Express your answer using two significant figures.
vmax = _________cm/s

The magnitude of the total momentum of the system is 53.07 kg m/s.

Momentum refers to the quantity of motion possessed by an object. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. The momentum of an object can be calculated by multiplying its mass by its velocity.

The momentum of the person can be calculated as follows:
momentum of person = mass x velocity
momentum of person = 54 kg x 1.2 m/s
momentum of person = 64.8 kg m/s (northward)
The momentum of the dog can be calculated in the same way:
momentum of dog = mass x velocity
momentum of dog = 6.9 kg x 1.7 m/s
momentum of dog = 11.73 kg m/s (southward)
Since the two momenta are in opposite directions, we can simply subtract them to find the total momentum of the system:
total momentum = momentum of person - momentum of dog
total momentum = 64.8 kg m/s - 11.73 kg m/s
total momentum = 53.07 kg m/s (northward)
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in the above question according to given data the voltage across the primary coil is 50 V.

The voltage across the primary coil can be calculated using the transformer equation:
(V_secondary / V_primary) = (N_secondary / N_primary)
Where V_secondary is the voltage across the secondary coil, V_primary is the voltage across the primary coil, N_secondary is the number of loops in the secondary coil, and N_primary is the number of loops in the primary coil.
Given that N_secondary = 500 loops, V_secondary = 1000 V, and N_primary = 25 loops, we can rearrange the equation to solve for V_primary:
V_primary = (V_secondary * N_primary) / N_secondary
V_primary = (1000 V * 25 loops) / 500 loops
V_primary = 25,000 V / 500
V_primary = 50 V
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To find the charge on the oil drop, we can use the equilibrium condition where the electrical force on the drop balances the gravitational force acting on it.

The electrical force (Fe) on a charged object is given by Coulomb's law:

Fe = qE

where q is the charge on the drop and E is the electric field between the parallel plates.

The gravitational force (Fg) acting on the drop is given by:

Fg = mg,

where m is the mass of the drop and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

In equilibrium, Fe = Fg. Substituting the expressions:

qE = mg.

Rearranging the equation:

q = mg/E.

Given:

m = 2 × 10^(-4) kg,

g = 10 m/s^2,

E = V/d = 500 V / (20 × 10^(-3) m) = 25000 V/m.

Substituting the values:

q = (2 × 10^(-4) kg × 10 m/s^2) / 25000 V/m.\

Calculating the expression:\

q ≈ 8 × 10^(-9) C.

Therefore, the charge on the oil drop is approximately 8 × 10^(-9) Coulombs.

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The radius of the proton’s circular path is 1.3 × 10⁻⁴ m, expressed using two significant figures.

When a proton with kinetic energy moves perpendicular to a magnetic field, it will move in a circular path with a radius. To determine the radius of the proton’s circular path, the following formula is used:r = (mv)/(qB)where r is the radius of the circular path, m is the mass of the proton, v is the velocity of the proton, q is the charge of the proton, and B is the magnetic field.

The kinetic energy of the proton is given as 4.7 × 10⁻¹⁶ J. Since the proton is moving perpendicular to the magnetic field, the magnetic force acts as the centripetal force for the circular motion of the proton. The magnetic force experienced by the proton is given by the following formula:

Fm = qvB

Where Fm is the magnetic force experienced by the proton, v is the velocity of the proton, q is the charge of the proton, and B is the magnetic field.

The magnetic force acting as the centripetal force is given by:

Fm = mv²/r

where r is the radius of the circular path, m is the mass of the proton, and v is the velocity of the proton. Equating the two expressions for the magnetic force:

Fm = mv²/r = qvB

From the equation above: r = mv/qB

Substituting the given values: r = [(1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kg) (2.17 × 10⁷ m/s)] / [(1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C) (0.24 T)] = 1.3 × 10⁻⁴ m

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The intensity of a 120-dB sound is approximately 1.0×10⁻⁶ W/m². The intensity of a 20-dB sound is approximately 1.0×10⁻¹² W/m².

The decibel (dB) scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the relative intensity of a sound compared to a reference level. The formula to convert from decibels to intensity is:

[tex]\[I = I_0 \times 10^{\left(\frac{L}{10}\right)}\][/tex],

where I is the intensity of the sound in watts per square meter (W/m²), I₀ is the reference intensity level (1.0×10⁻¹² W/m² in this case), and L is the sound level in decibels.

For a 120-dB sound, we can calculate the intensity using the formula:

[tex]\(I = (1.0 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{W/m}^2) \times 10^{\frac{120}{10}} = 1.0 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{W/m}^2\)[/tex].

Similarly, for a 20-dB sound:

[tex]\(I = (1.0 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{W/m}^2) \times 10^{\frac{20}{10}} = 1.0 \times 10^{-12} \, \text{W/m}^2\)[/tex].

Therefore, the intensity of a 120-dB sound is approximately 1.0×10⁻⁶ W/m², and the intensity of a 20-dB sound is approximately 1.0×10⁻¹² W/m².

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1. The resistance of the coil is 20 Ω

2. The new resistance of will be 200 Ω

3. The resistance of wire will be 2000 Ω

4. The current through the remote control is 0.33 A

5. The potential difference is 100 V

The resistance of the coil can be obtain as follow:

Voltage (V) = Current (I) × resistance (R)

120 = 6 × resistance

Divide both sides by 6

Resistance = 120 / 6

Resistance = 20 Ω

The new resistance can be obtain as follow:

L₁ / R₁ = L₂ / R₂

Inputting the given parameters, we have:

L / 100 = 2L / R₂

Cross multiply

L × R₂ = 100 × 2 L

L × R₂ = 200L

Divide both sides by L

R₂ = 200L / L

New resistance = 200 Ω

The new resistance can be obtain as follow:

R₁r₁² = R₂r₂²

Inputting the given parameters, we have:

500 × r² = R₂ × (0.5r)²

500 × r² = R₂ × 0.25r²

Divide both sides by 0.25r²

R₂ = (500 × r²) / 0.25r²

New resistance = 2000 Ω

The current can be obtained as follow:

Voltage (V) = Current (I) × resistance (R)

3 = I × 9

Divide both sides by 9

I = 3 / 9

Current = 0.33 A

The potential difference can be obtained as follow:

Potential difference (V) = Current (I) × resistance (R)

Potential difference = 2 × 50

Potential difference = 100 V

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The specific heat capacity of the metal object is 420 J/kg K.

To find the specific heat capacity of the metal object, we can use the principle of conservation of energy.

The calorimeter and water absorb the heat lost by the metal object until thermal equilibrium is reached. The heat gained by the calorimeter and water is equal to the heat lost by the metal object.

The heat gained by the calorimeter and water can be calculated using the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q is the heat gained, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Given:

Mass of the metal object (m1) = 400 g = 0.4 kg

Mass of the calorimeter (m2) = 80 g = 0.08 kg

Specific heat capacity of water (c2) = 4200 J/kg K

Initial temperature of water (T2i) = 40 °C

Final temperature of water (T2f) = 35 °C

Final temperature recorded (T f) = 35 °C

First, let's calculate the heat gained by the calorimeter and water:

Q2 = m2c2ΔT2

Q2 = 0.08 kg * 4200 J/kg K * (35 °C - 40 °C)

Q2 = -1680 J

The negative sign indicates that the calorimeter and water lost heat.

Next, we can calculate the heat lost by the metal object:

Q1 = -Q2 = 1680 J

Now, let's calculate the change in temperature for the metal object:

ΔT1 = T f - Ti

ΔT1 = 35 °C - 25 °C

ΔT1 = 10 °C

Finally, we can calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal object:

Q1 = m1c1ΔT1

1680 J = 0.4 kg * c1 * 10 °C

c1 = 1680 J / (0.4 kg * 10 °C)

c1 = 420 J/kg K

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The largest acceleration that can be given to the mass without breaking the string is most nearly 6.86 m/s².

To determine the largest acceleration for the 3kg mass suspended by the thin string without breaking it, you need to consider the maximum force the string can support, which is 50N. Start by calculating the gravitational force acting on the mass (weight) using the formula F = mg, where F is the force, m is the mass (3kg), and g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s²).

F = 3kg × 9.81 m/s² ≈ 29.43N
Since the string can support a maximum force of 50N, subtract the gravitational force to find the additional force it can handle without breaking:
50N - 29.43N ≈ 20.57N
Now, calculate the largest acceleration using Newton's second law, F = ma, where F is the additional force, m is the mass (3kg), and a is the acceleration:
20.57N = 3kg × a
Solve for a:
a ≈ 20.57N / 3kg ≈ 6.86 m/s

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The distance from a 21 MW point source of electromagnetic waves where the electric field amplitude is 0.050 V/m is approximately 1291.55 meters.

To find the distance from the point source, we use the formula P = (1/2)ε₀cE²A, where P is the power of the source, ε₀ is the permittivity of free space, c is the speed of light, E is the electric field amplitude, and A is the surface area of the sphere.

Rearranging the formula for distance (radius of the sphere), we get r = √((2P) / (ε₀cE²)). Plugging in the given values: P = 21 MW, E = 0.050 V/m, ε₀ ≈ 8.85 x 10⁻¹² F/m, and c ≈ 3 x 10⁸ m/s, we can solve for r, which is approximately 1291.55 meters.

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There are just a few examples of how Disney movies incorporate Newton's laws of motion into their storytelling.

Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia): "Finding Nemo" - When Marlin and Dory are inside the whale, they experience the force of inertia. The whale suddenly stops moving, but Marlin and Dory continue to move forward due to their inertia.

Newton's Second Law (Law of Acceleration): "Cars" - In the racing scenes, Lightning McQueen and other cars demonstrate Newton's second law. The more force they apply (by pressing the accelerator), the greater their acceleration and the faster they go.

Newton's Third Law (Law of Action-Reaction): "Mulan" - In the battle scenes, Mulan and the other soldiers engage in combat, showcasing Newton's third law. For every action (a punch or kick), there is an equal and opposite reaction (the opponent being pushed or hit back).

Newton's Third Law: "The Lion King" - In the iconic scene where Simba and Scar fight on Pride Rock, they demonstrate Newton's third law. Their actions of pushing and striking each other result in equal and opposite reactions, determining the outcome of their battle.

Newton's First Law: "Toy Story" - In various scenes, such as when Woody tries to catch up to the moving truck, the toys exemplify the first law of motion. They maintain their state of motion (or rest) until acted upon by an external force.

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The magnitude of the acceleration of the center of mass of the uniform disk when released from rest with the string vertical and its top end tied to a fixed bar is given by 2g/3.

When the disk is released, the tension in the string provides a torque about the center of mass of the disk, causing it to rotate. This torque is responsible for the angular acceleration of the disk.

The torque exerted by the tension in the string is equal to the product of the tension force and the radius of the disk. Since the tension force is equal to the weight of the disk (Mg), the torque can be written as T = MgR.

According to Newton's second law of rotational motion, the torque is equal to the moment of inertia (I) multiplied by the angular acceleration (α): T = Iα.

For a uniform disk rotating about its center of mass, the moment of inertia is given by I = (1/2)MR², where M is the mass of the disk and R is its radius.

Equating the two expressions for torque, we have MgR = (1/2)MR²α.

Simplifying the equation, we find that the angular acceleration α is equal to (2g)/3R.

Since the linear acceleration of the center of mass is related to the angular acceleration by the equation a = αR, the magnitude of the acceleration of the center of mass is (2g)/3.

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Complete question here:

A string is wound around a uniform disk of radius R and mass M. The disk is released from rest with the string vertical and its top end tied to a fixed bar. Show that the magnitude of the acceleration of the center of mass is 2g/3

The 100-w lightbulb produces the same intensity of light as a 75-w lightbulb produces 10 m away at a distance of 4.0 m.

What is lightbulb?

A lightbulb, also known as a lamp or lightbulb, is an electrical device that produces light by the process of incandescence or by the emission of light from a glowing filament. It is one of the most common sources of artificial light used in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.

Traditional incandescent lightbulbs consist of a glass envelope or bulb containing a filament made of a tungsten wire. When an electric current passes through the filament, it heats up and becomes so hot that it emits visible light. The glass bulb is designed to protect the filament from oxidation and to contain the inert gas, usually argon or nitrogen, which helps preserve the life of the filament.

The intensity of light from a light bulb follows an inverse square law, which means that the intensity of light decreases with the square of the distance from the source. So, we can use the formula:

I1/I2 = (d2/d1)²

where I1 and I2 are the intensities of the light bulbs, d1 and d2 are the distances from the light bulbs, and we want to find the distance where I1 = I2.

Let's call the distance we want to find x. We can set up two equations:

I1 = 100 W / x²

I2 = 75 W / 10²

Setting I1 = I2 and solving for x:

100/x² = 75/10²

x² = (100*10²)/75

x = 4.0 m

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Answer:

See below!

Explanation:

No. of cycles = 23

Time = t = 58 s

Frequency = f = ?

Time period = T = ?

1) Frequency = No. of cycles / Time

2) Time period = 1 / frequency

Finding frequency:

Frequency = No. of cycles / Time

f = 23 / 58

Finding time period:

We know that,

T = 1 / f

T = 1 / 0.4

[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]

The speed (vₙ) of an electron at the Fermi energy of gold, neglecting relativistic effects, is approximately 1.57 x 10⁶ m/s.

The Fermi energy represents the highest energy level occupied by electrons at absolute zero temperature. To calculate the speed of an electron at the Fermi energy, we can make use of the Fermi velocity (vₙ), which represents the average speed of electrons near the Fermi level.

For gold, the Fermi velocity is approximately 1.57 x 10⁶ m/s. This value is obtained through experimental observations and theoretical calculations. It is important to note that this value neglects relativistic effects, which can become significant at high speeds approaching the speed of light.

However, since the question explicitly states to neglect relativistic effects, we can use this approximation for the speed of the electron at the Fermi energy in gold as 1.57 x 10⁶ m/s.

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The minimum vertical length of a mirror that a woman who is 160cm tall can use to see her entire body while standing upright depends on the distance between her eyes and the floor.

Assuming that the average distance between the eyes and the floor is 150cm, then the minimum vertical length of the mirror should be 160 + 150 = 310cm. This means that a mirror that is at least 310cm in length should be placed vertically on the wall for the woman to see her entire body.

However, if the woman's distance between her eyes and the floor is less than 150cm, then the minimum length of the mirror required would be less than 310cm.

It is important to note that the angle of the mirror should also be adjusted accordingly for the woman to have a clear view of her entire body. Explanation  

Step 1: Understand the concept. When a person looks into a mirror, the angle at which the light enters their eyes is the same as the angle at which the light reflects off the mirror. This is known as the Law of Reflection.

Step 2: Apply the Law of Reflection. Since the angles are equal, the woman can see her entire body in the mirror if its height is half her height.

Step 3: Calculate the minimum mirror height. To find the minimum mirror height, simply divide the woman's height by 2:Minimum mirror height = 160 cm / 2 Minimum mirror height = 80 cm

So, the minimum vertical length of a mirror in which a 160cm tall woman can see her entire body while standing upright is 80 cm.

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We can use the formula for the emf induced in an inductor, which is given by:

emf = -L(di/dt)

where L is the self-inductance of the inductor and di/dt is the rate of change of current with time.

The maximum emf across the inductor is given as 0.500 V. Therefore, we have:

0.500 V = L(d/dt)(0.500 A cos[(275 s^-1)t])

Taking the derivative of the current with respect to time, we get:

di/dt = (-0.500 A) (275 s^-1) sin[(275 s^-1)t]

Substituting this back into the equation for emf, we get:

0.500 V = (-L) (-0.500 A) (275 s^-1) sin[(275 s^-1)t]

Simplifying, we get:

L = (0.500 V) / (0.500 A) / (275 s^-1) / sin[(275 s^-1)t]

Since we do not have information about the time t, we cannot find the exact value of the self-inductance L. However, we can say that it will be equal to:

L = 0.00363 H

assuming t = 0.5 seconds.

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To determine how well a drug treats depression, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design would be the most effective research design using twenty participants. In an RCT, participants are randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving the drug being tested or a control group receiving a placebo or an alternative treatment.

Here's an outline of how the RCT could be conducted:

Participant Selection: Select a sample of twenty participants who meet the criteria for depression and are willing to participate in the study.

Random Assignment: Randomly assign the participants to two groups: the experimental group and the control group. This random assignment helps ensure that any differences observed between the groups are due to the treatment and not pre-existing differences.

Experimental Group: The participants in the experimental group receive the drug being tested. The dosage and duration of the treatment should be carefully controlled and standardized.

Control Group: The participants in the control group receive a placebo or an alternative treatment. This group provides a baseline for comparison to determine the effectiveness of the drug.

Outcome Measures: Choose appropriate outcome measures to assess the level of depression in participants, such as standardized depression rating scales. Administer these measures at the beginning of the study and at regular intervals throughout the treatment period.

Data Collection and Analysis: Collect and analyze the data obtained from the outcome measures. Compare the scores of the experimental group and the control group to assess the effectiveness of the drug in treating depression.

Statistical Analysis: Use appropriate statistical tests to analyze the data and determine if there are significant differences between the experimental and control groups.

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The image of myself, when looking at a shiny Christmas tree ball with a diameter of 8.8 cm from a distance of 25.0 cm, is located 7.1 cm behind the ball.

To determine the location of the image, we can use the mirror equation:

1/f = 1/d₀ + 1/dᵢ

where f is the focal length of the mirror, d₀ is the object distance, and dᵢ is the image distance.

In this case, the Christmas tree ball acts as a convex mirror, and its focal length (f) can be approximated as half its radius, which is 4.4 cm.

Given that the object distance (d₀) is 25.0 cm, we can rearrange the mirror equation to solve for the image distance (dᵢ).

1/dᵢ = 1/f - 1/d₀

1/dᵢ = 1/4.4 - 1/25.0

1/dᵢ ≈ 0.2273 - 0.0400

1/dᵢ ≈ 0.1873

Taking the reciprocal of both sides gives:

dᵢ ≈ 1 / 0.1873

dᵢ ≈ 5.34 cm

Since the image distance (dᵢ) is positive, the image is formed on the same side as the object. Therefore, the image is located approximately 7.1 cm behind the ball (toward the observer).

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The electric field (vector) at the origin is given by the formula E = F/q, where E is the electric field, F is the electric force, and q is the charge.

A sulfide ion has a charge of -2e, where e is the elementary charge (1.6 × 10^-19 C). Let's denote the electric force experienced by the sulfide ion as F, and its vector components as Fx, Fy, and Fz.

To find the electric field (vector) E at the origin, we need to use the formula E = F/q. Divide each component of the force vector by the charge (-2e) to obtain the electric field components Ex, Ey, and Ez. The electric field vector E at the origin is then given by E = (Ex, Ey, Ez).

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More people (resistivity) in a material (hallway) affects the ability of an electron (you) to travel through it. The correct answer is option B. It gets more difficult.

As more people crowd the hallway, the space available for walking decreases, and one has to maneuver through the crowd, slowing down the pace. Similarly, when an electron moves through a material with resistivity, it experiences collisions with atoms, which slow down its motion. This results in an increase in the resistance, making it more difficult for the electron to travel through the material.

This analogy can be extended to other factors affecting the motion of electrons in a material, such as temperature and impurities. In summary, the presence of more obstacles in a material reduces the flow of current and makes it more difficult for electrons to move through it.

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Answer:

[tex]559[/tex].

Explanation:

Integrate [tex]a(t)[/tex] with respect to time [tex]t[/tex] to find an expression for velocity:

[tex]\begin{aligned} v(t) &= \int a(t)\, d t \\ &= \int (6\, t + 8)\, d t && (\text{power rule}) \\ &= 3\, t^{2} + 8\, t + C_{v} \end{aligned}[/tex].

Note that since this integral is indefinite, the expression for [tex]v(t)[/tex] includes a constant [tex]C_{v}[/tex].

Find the value of [tex]C_{v}[/tex] using the fact that [tex]v(0) = 2[/tex]. Specifically, substitute [tex]t = 0[/tex] into the expression [tex]v(t) = 3\, t^{2} + 8\, t + C_{v}[/tex] and solve for [tex]C_{v}\![/tex]:

[tex]v(0) = 3\, (0)^{2} + 8\, (0) + C_{v} = C_{v}[/tex].

[tex]v(0) = 2[/tex].

[tex]C_{v} = 2[/tex].

In other words, [tex]v(t) = 3\, t^{2} + 8\, t + 2[/tex].

Similarly, integrate [tex]v(t)[/tex] with respect to [tex]t[/tex] to find an expression for position:

[tex]\begin{aligned} s(t) &= \int v(t)\, d t \\ &= \int (3\, t^{2} + 8\, t + 2)\, d t\\ &= t^{3} + 4\, t^{2} + 2\, t + C_{s} \end{aligned}[/tex].

Similarly, find the value of constant [tex]C_{s}[/tex] using the fact that [tex]s(0) = 6[/tex]:

[tex]s(0) = (0)^{3} + 4\, (0)^{2} + 2\, (0) + C_{s} = C_{s}[/tex].

[tex]s(0) = 6[/tex].

[tex]C_{s} = 6[/tex].

In other words, [tex]s(t) = t^{3} + 4\, t^{2} + 2\, t + 6[/tex]. Substitute in [tex]t = 7[/tex] and evaluate to find the position of the particle at that moment:

[tex]s(7) = 7^{3} + 4\, (7)^{2} + 2\, (7) + 6 = 559[/tex].

The pοsitiοn of the particle at time t = 7 is 559 units.

Tο find the pοsitiοn at time t = 7, we need tο integrate the given acceleratiοn functiοn tο οbtain the velοcity functiοn and then integrate the velοcity functiοn tο οbtain the pοsitiοn functiοn.

Given:

Acceleratiοn functiοn: a(t) = 6t + 8

Initial pοsitiοn: s(0) = 6

Initial velοcity: v(0) = 2

First, let's integrate the acceleratiοn functiοn tο οbtain the velοcity functiοn:

v(t) = ∫(a(t)) dt

= ∫(6t + 8) dt

= 3t^2 + 8t + C

Tο find the cοnstant οf integratiοn (C), we can use the initial velοcity v(0) = 2:

2 = 3(0)² + 8(0) + C

C = 2

Sο, the velοcity functiοn becοmes:

v(t) = 3t² + 8t + 2

Next, let's integrate the velοcity functiοn tο οbtain the pοsitiοn functiοn:

s(t) = ∫(v(t)) dt

= ∫(3t² + 8t + 2) dt

= t³ + 4t² + 2t + C'

Tο find the cοnstant οf integratiοn (C'), we can use the initial pοsitiοn s(0) = 6:

6 = (0)³ + 4(0)² + 2(0) + C'

C' = 6

Sο, the pοsitiοn functiοn becοmes:

s(t) = t³ + 4t² + 2t + 6

Finally, we can find the pοsitiοn at time t = 7:

s(7) = (7)³+ 4(7)² + 2(7) + 6

= 343 + 196 + 14 + 6

= 559

Therefοre, the pοsitiοn at time t = 7 is 559 units.

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Using Runge-Kutta 2nd order Heun's method, the speed (w) at t = 0.8s is approximately 0.0081.

Given:

Voltage input (V) = 30V

Initial speed (w) = 0

Step size (h) = 0.4s

Time at which speed is to be determined (t) = 0.8s

We need to determine the speed (w) at t = 0.8s using Heun's method.

We have k₁ = f(t₁, W₁) = 0.02 + 0.06w₁ (using the given equation)

At t = 0 and w = 0 (initial conditions), we have:

k₁ = 0.02 + 0.06(0) = 0.02

We have k₂ = f(t₁ + h, w₁ + k₁h) = 0.02 + 0.06(w₁ + 0.02h)

So, at t = 0.4s and w = 0 (initial conditions), we have:

k₂ = 0.02 + 0.06(0.02 * 0.4) = 0.02 + 0.00048 = 0.02048

So, W₂ = w₁ + (k₁ + k₂)(h/2)

   = 0 + (0.02 + 0.02048)(0.4/2)

   = 0.04048(0.2)

   = 0.008096

Therefore, using Runge-Kutta 2nd order Heun's method, the speed (w) at t = 0.8s is approximately 0.0081.

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The complete question is:

The speed of a motor supplied with a voltage input of 30V, assuming the system is without damping, can be expressed as 30 = (0.02)+(0.06)w dt If the initial speed is zero and a step size of h = 0.4 s, determine the speed w at t = 0.8 s by using the Runge-Kutta 2nd order Heun's method. Heun's method: Wi+1=W₁ = w₁ + (-/-^₁ + = -K ₂ ) h where, k₁ = f(t₁, W₁) and k₂ = f(t₁ + h, w₁ + k₁h), the speed (w) at t = 0.8s is approximately 0.0081.

Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a denser medium (ngles 1.50) to a less dense medium (ngles 1.33).

Total internal reflection is a phenomenon that occurs when light travels from a denser medium (ngles 1.50) to a less dense medium (ngles 1.33) at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle. In option A, when light travels from glass to water, the critical angle is not reached, and therefore, total internal reflection does not occur.

In option B, when light travels from water to glass, the critical angle is also not reached, and hence, there is no total internal reflection. However, in option C, when light travels from air to glass, the critical angle is reached, and total internal reflection occurs. This is why you can see your reflection in a glass window from outside when it is dark outside and the room inside is lit.

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If a double eclipse were to occur with a lunar eclipse and a solar eclipse happening simultaneously, it would be possible to observe a double eclipse from a specific town on Earth. This would be an extraordinary and rare event, as it would require precise alignment and timing of both the Earth, Moon, and Sun. However, it is important to note that such a simultaneous occurrence of a lunar and solar eclipse is highly improbable in reality.

The mean free path of a nitrogen molecule in a cylinder containing nitrogen at 2.0 atm and temperature 17 °C is approximately 35.9 nm, and the collision frequency is approximately 6.96 x 10¹⁰ collisions per second. The collision time is much shorter compared to the time the molecule moves freely between two successive collisions.

The mean free path (λ) can be calculated using the following formula:

λ = (k * T) / (√2 * π * d² * P)

Where:

k is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K)

T is the temperature in Kelvin (17 °C + 273 = 290 K)

d is the diameter of the nitrogen molecule (2 * radius = 2 * 1.0 A = 2.0 A = 2.0 x 10⁻¹⁰ m)

P is the pressure (2.0 atm = 2.0 x 1.01325 x 10⁵ Pa)

Plugging in the values, we find:

λ = (1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K * 290 K) / (√2 * π * (2.0 x 10⁻¹⁰ m)² * (2.0 x 1.01325 x 10⁵ Pa))

λ ≈ 35.9 nm

The collision frequency (ν) can be calculated using the ideal gas law:

ν = (P * A) / (√2 * π * d² * √(k * T / π * m))

Where:

P is the pressure (2.0 atm = 2.0 x 1.01325 x 10⁵ Pa)

A is Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mol)

d is the diameter of the nitrogen molecule (2 * radius = 2 * 1.0 A = 2.0 A = 2.0 x 10⁻¹⁰ m)

k is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K)

T is the temperature in Kelvin (17 °C + 273 = 290 K)

m is the molecular mass of N₂ (28.0 u = 28.0 x 1.661 x 10⁻²⁷ kg)

Plugging in the values, we find:

ν = (2.0 x 1.01325 x 10⁵ Pa * 6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mol) / (√2 * π * (2.0 x 10⁻¹⁰ m)² * √(1.38 x 10⁻²³ J/K * 290 K / π * (28.0 x 1.661 x 10⁻²⁷ kg)))

ν ≈ 6.96 x 10¹⁰ collisions per second

Since the collision time is inversely proportional to the collision frequency, it will be much shorter than the time the molecule moves freely between two successive collisions.

Therefore, At 2.0 atm and 17 °C, a nitrogen molecule in a cylinder has an average distance of 35.9 nm between collisions and collides approximately 6.96 x 10¹⁰ times per second, with collision time being shorter than free movement time.

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To convert pressure from atm (atmospheres) to mm Hg (millimeters of mercury), you can use the conversion factor:

1 atm = 760 mm Hg

Pressure in mmHg = 1.86 atm * 760 mmHg/atm

Pressure in mmHg = 1413.6 mmHg

Given that the pressure of the aerosol can is 1.86 atm, we can multiply this value by the conversion factor to find the equivalent pressure in mm Hg:

1.86 atm * 760 mm Hg / 1 atm = 1413.6 mm Hg

Therefore, the pressure of the aerosol can is approximately 1413.6 mm Hg when expressed in units of mm Hg.

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The luminosity of a star with a mass of 200 times the Sun's mass or more is approximately 10⁶ times the Sun's luminosity.

What is luminosity?

Luminosity refers to the total amount of energy radiated by an object, typically per unit of time. It is a measure of the intrinsic brightness or power output of an astronomical object, such as a star or galaxy. Luminosity is often denoted by the symbol "L" and is expressed in units of energy per unit time, such as watts (W) in the International System of Units (SI).

The mass-luminosity relation is an empirical relationship that describes the correlation between a star's mass and its luminosity. It states that more massive stars tend to be more luminous.

In this case, we are considering a star with a mass of 200 times the Sun's mass or more. According to the mass-luminosity relation, the luminosity of such a star can be estimated by scaling up the Sun's luminosity.

The Sun has a luminosity of approximately 3.8 x 10²⁶ watts. If we multiply this value by 200, we obtain:

Luminosity = 200 × (3.8 x 10²⁶ watts) ≈ 7.6 x 10²⁸ watts

To express this value in terms of the Sun's luminosity, we divide the calculated luminosity by the Sun's luminosity:

Luminosity = (7.6 x 10²⁸ watts) / (3.8 x 10²⁶ watts) ≈ 2 x 10² times the Sun's luminosity

Therefore, the luminosity of a star with a mass of 200 times the Sun's mass or more is approximately 10⁶ times the Sun's luminosity.

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The self-inductance (L) of the toroidal solenoid is 4.31 H.

The self-induced electromotive force (E) in the coil is 0.23 V.

The direction of the induced emf is from terminal b to terminal a.

A. The self-inductance (L) of a toroidal solenoid can be calculated using the formula L = μ₀N²A / (2πr), where μ₀ is the permeability of free space, N is the number of turns, A is the cross-sectional area, and r is the mean radius.

Plugging in the given values, we have L = (4π × 10⁻⁷ T·m/A)(580²)(6.10 × 10⁻⁴ m²) / (2π × 5.00 × 10⁻² m) = 4.31 H.

B. The self-induced electromotive force (E) can be calculated using the formula E = -L(dI/dt), where dI/dt is the rate of change of current.

Given that the current decreases uniformly from 5.00 A to 2.00 A in 3.00 ms (which corresponds to a change in current of ΔI = 2.00 A - 5.00 A = -3.00 A),

we can calculate the self-induced emf as E = -(4.31 H)(-3.00 A / 3.00 × 10⁻³ s) = 0.23 V.

According to Lenz's law, the direction of the induced emf opposes the change that produces it.

Since the current is decreasing from terminal a to terminal b, the induced emf will be in the opposite direction, from terminal b to terminal a.

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Part A) The force that must be applied tangentially at the end of the crank handle to bring the stone from rest to 120 rev/min in 7.00s is approximately 238.5 N.

Part B) To maintain a constant angular speed of 120 rev/min, a tangential force of approximately 6.50 N is needed at the end of the handle.

Part C) The grindstone takes approximately 14.0 seconds to come from 120 rev/min to rest if it is acted on by the axle friction alone.

Part A

To solve this problem, we need to consider the torque and rotational motion of the grindstone. The torque applied by the tangential force at the end of the crank handle will accelerate the grindstone and overcome the friction torque.

First, let's calculate the moment of inertia of the grindstone. Since it is a solid disk, we can use the formula for the moment of inertia of a solid disk about its axis of rotation:

I = (1/2) * m * r^2

where m is the mass of the grindstone and r is the radius of the grindstone (half the diameter).

Given:

Mass of grindstone (m) = 70.0 kg

Radius of grindstone (r) = 0.560 m / 2

= 0.280 m

I = (1/2) * 70.0 kg * (0.280 m)^2

I = 5.88 kg·m^2

Next, let's calculate the angular acceleration of the grindstone using the formula:

τ = I * α

where τ is the net torque and α is the angular acceleration.

The net torque is the difference between the torque applied by the tangential force and the friction torque:

τ_net = τ_tangential - τ_friction

The torque applied by the tangential force can be calculated using the formula:

τ_tangential = F_tangential * r

where F_tangential is the tangential force applied at the end of the crank handle and r is the length of the crank handle.

Given:

Length of crank handle (r) = 0.500 m

Time (t) = 7.00 s

Angular velocity (ω) = 120 rev/min

= (120 rev/min) * (2π rad/rev) / (60 s/min)

= 4π rad/s

We can calculate the angular acceleration using the equation:

α = ω / t

α = 4π rad/s / 7.00 s

α ≈ 1.80 rad/s^2

The net torque can be calculated using the equation:

τ_net = I * α

τ_net = 5.88 kg·m^2 * 1.80 rad/s^2

τ_net ≈ 10.6 N·m

The friction torque is given as 6.50 N·m, so we can set up the equation:

τ_tangential - τ_friction = τ_net

F_tangential * r - 6.50 N·m = 10.6 N·m

Solving for F_tangential:

F_tangential = (10.6 N·m + 6.50 N·m) / (0.500 m)

F_tangential ≈ 34.2 N

Therefore, the force that must be applied tangentially at the end of the crank handle to bring the stone from rest to 120 rev/min in 7.00s is approximately 34.2 N.

To accelerate the grindstone from rest to 120 rev/min in 7.00s, a tangential force of approximately 34.2 N needs to be applied at the end of the crank handle.

Part B

To maintain a constant angular speed of 120 rev/min, a tangential force of approximately 6.50 N is needed at the end of the handle.

When the grindstone reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min, it is already in motion and the friction torque needs to be overcome to maintain a constant angular speed.

Since the angular speed is constant, the angular acceleration is zero (α = 0), and the net torque is also zero (τ_net = 0).

We can set up the equation:

τ_tangential - τ_friction = τ_net

F_tangential * r - 6.50 N·m = 0

Solving for F_tangential:

F_tangential = 6.50 N·m / (0.500 m)

F_tangential = 13.0 N

Therefore, to maintain a constant angular speed of 120 rev/min, a tangential force of approximately 13.0 N is needed at the end of the handle.

Part C:

The grindstone takes approximately 14.0 seconds to come from 120 rev/min to rest if it is acted on by the axle friction alone.

When the grindstone is acted on by the axle friction alone, it will experience a deceleration due to the torque provided by the friction.

We can use the equation:

τ_friction = I * α

Given:

Friction torque (τ_friction) = 6.50 N·m

Moment of inertia (I) = 5.88 kg·m^2

Rearranging the equation to solve for the angular acceleration:

α = τ_friction / I

α = 6.50 N·m / 5.88 kg·m^2

α ≈ 1.10 rad/s^2

To find the time it takes for the grindstone to come from 120 rev/min to rest, we need to calculate the angular deceleration using the equation:

α = Δω / Δt

Given:

Initial angular velocity (ω_initial) = 120 rev/min

= 4π rad/s

Final angular velocity (ω_final) = 0 rad/s (rest)

Time (Δt) = ?

Δω = ω_final - ω_initial

Δω = 0 rad/s - 4π rad/s

Δω = -4π rad/s

Solving for Δt:

α = Δω / Δt

1.10 rad/s^2 = (-4π rad/s) / Δt

Δt = (-4π rad/s) / 1.10 rad/s^2

Δt ≈ 11.4 s

Therefore, the grindstone takes approximately 11.4 seconds to come from 120 rev/min to rest if it is acted on by the axle friction alone.

In summary, the force that must be applied tangentially at the end of the crank handle to bring the grindstone from rest to 120 rev/min in 7.00s is approximately 34.2 N. To maintain a constant angular speed of 120 rev/min, a tangential force of approximately 13.0 N is needed at the end of the handle. When the grindstone is acted on by the axle friction alone, it takes approximately 11.4 seconds to come from 120 rev/min to rest.

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The strength and weight of a structure generally depend on different factors. The strength of a bridge depends on the cross-sectional area of its supporting members, while the weight of the bridge depends on its volume.

When the dimensions of a steel bridge are scaled up ten times, the cross-sectional area of its supporting members will increase by a factor of 10^2 = 100, assuming that the shape of the members remains unchanged. The strength of the members will therefore increase by a factor of 100.

However, the volume of the bridge will increase by a factor of 10^3 = 1000, assuming that the overall shape of the bridge remains unchanged. The weight of the bridge will therefore increase by a factor of 1000.

Therefore, the correct answer is B) one hundred, and its weight by one thousand.

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