The correct answer is Because bacterial ageing is believed to result from non-genetic (e.g. oxidative) damage.
Streptomycin, which produces mistranslated proteins that are more susceptible to oxidation, was found to be capable of inducing both damage and ageing in bacterial populations. There was a dose effect relating the level of damage to the concentration of streptomycin. All of the studies that did not find evidence of bacterial ageing did not use a damaging agent. However, fluorescent proteins were used as a visual marker in all studies that were successful in finding evidence. In those studies, ageing was caused by an extrinsic factor, such as the proteins themselves or the excitation light. As a result, all previous studies can be reconciled, and bacterial ageing is a real phenomenon. However, studying and observing bacterial ageing necessitates the addition of an extrinsic damage agent.
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Introductory microbiology laboratories are usually designated as which biosafety level?.
The correct answer is level BSL-1 or BSL-2.
Infectious agents or toxins that are not known to reliably cause disease in healthy humans are studied in BSL-1 labs.
In order to safeguard personnel, the environment, and the general public in a laboratory setting, protective measures are identified using biosafety levels (BSL).Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1)
Infectious agents or toxins that are not known to reliably cause disease in healthy humans are studied in BSL-1 labs. They don't need any specialized tools or architectural characteristics and adhere to standard microbiological practices, which are fundamental safety standards. Surfaces that are simple to clean and resistant to the common chemicals used in the lab are examples of standard engineering controls in BSL-1 facilities.Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2)
Infectious agents or toxins with a moderate level of risk that could be dangerous if accidentally inhaled, eaten, or exposed to the skin are studied in BSL-2 facilities. Design specifications for BSL-2 laboratories must have automated closing and locked doors, eye washing stations in case of mishaps, and hand washing sinks. BSL-2 laboratories must also have access to decontamination tools, such as an autoclave, an incinerator, or another technique, depending on the results of the biological risk assessment.Hence, correct answer is BSL-1 or BSL-2.
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A type of membrane protein that is integrated into the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
Answer:
Integral membrane proteins
Explanation:
Integral membrane proteins are, as their name suggests, integrated into the membrane: they have at least one hydrophobic region that anchors them to the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer.
Answer: Integral membrane proteins
Explanation:
ASAP What is a meter? Give two examples of objects that are a meter in length.
Answer:
A meter is a standard metric unit equal to about 3 feet 3 inches. This means that a meter is part of the metric system of measurement. Guitars, baseball bats, and yard sticks are examples of objects that are about one meter long.
Explanation:
Answer:
a meter is 3.3 feet.
examples: a meterstick and a baseball bat
Explanation:
Explain what happens after a slip tectonic plate interaction?
Consider: How does this movement affect the lithosphere and does it add/remove
anything from the Earth?
dendrites are question 13 options: a) the layer of fat cells that encase and insulate the neuron. b) the part of the neuron that is responsible for sending information away from the cell body toward other cells. c) treelike fibers which receive information and orient it toward the neuron's cell body. d) located inside the cell body.
Dendrites are (b) the part of the neuron that is responsible for sending information away from the cell body toward other cells.
Dendrites are the fine finger-like projections of the neurons. They arise from the cell body appearing like the branches of a tree. The function of these dendrites is to establish connections with other neurons and communicate with them.
Neuron is the nerve cell. The function of nerve cell is to send and receive the signals from and to the brain respectively. The nerve cell is the longest cell in the body. It structure comprises of a cell body with dendrites emerging from it. From one end of the cell body arises the long axon that has an axonal terminal at the end.
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select two functions of the cell membrane. select one: a. housing the dna and accessing the dna. b. to produce and break down secretions. c. to provide cellular energy and to produce mitochondria. d. to move the cell and help it to divide. e. enabling the cell to communicate and attach to other cells.
Two functions of the cell membrane are: e. enabling the cell to communicate and attach to other cells.
The cell membrane can be described as a semi-permeable membrane that allows the selective entry of materials into and out of a cell. Other than this, there are various other functions that a cell membrane plays an active role in.
A cell membrane allows a cell to attach to an extracellular matrix or to other cells so that two cells can communicate with each other. Also, the ability of the cell membrane to join with other cells causes tissue formation. Through membrane signaling, which is a feature of the cell membrane, two cells can connect biophysically. Hence, the correct option is e. enabling the cell to communicate and attach to other cells.
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Factors in the environment that an organisms reacts to, such as light, temperature, sound are known as.
Factors in the environment that an organism reacts to, such as light, temperature, and sound are known as stimuli.
In the field of ecology, abiotic factors can be described as the non-living components of an ecosystem. When an organism reacts to these abiotic factors such as light, temperature, and sound then these are perceived as stimuli.
A stimulus is a change in the environment that is detected by the sensory receptors. A signal is carried through these receptors to the central nervous system (CNS). The central nervous system interprets this message and sends a response signal through the effector motor neurons to respond to the stimulus.
The intensity of a stimulus is measured by the number of action potentials that are received by the central nervous system (CNS).
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This particle is found in the electron cloud which is a negatively charged region of an atom.
quiero saber a qué pertenece a protons a electrons o a neutrons?
The area of negative charge encircling an atomic nucleus and connected to an atomic orbital is known as an electron cloud. It has a mathematical definition that describes a region with a high probability of having electrons in it.
Protons and neutrons make up the atom's core nucleus. An electron has the best chances of being found in the "fog of probability" that surrounds it. The probability of finding an electron increases with area density. The electron cloud is the name given to this thick fog of probability. Simple atoms like hydrogen serve as excellent visual examples of electron clouds. One proton makes up the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, and one electron orbits it. The electron does not, however, actually follow a circular orbit around it.
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cholesterol is an organic steroid in mammalian cells that controls membrane permeability and fluidity. how many carbons are in cholesterol
The cholesterol contains 46 hydrogen atoms in total.
Cholesterol's chemical formula is C27H46O, which means that in addition to hydrogen, it also contains 27 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.
The liver, spinal cord, and brain all contain significant amounts of cholesterol, which keeps cell membranes stable.
What causes high in cholesterol?It is primarily brought on by consuming fatty foods, failing to exercise regularly, being overweight, smoking, and using alcohol. Moreover, it can run in families. By consuming a healthy diet and increasing your physical activity, you can lower your cholesterol. Some folks also require medication.What is the average level of cholesterol?The ranges for adults' total cholesterol are as follows: Less than 200 mg/dL is normal. High-risk levels: 200 to 239 mg/dL. High: 240 mg/dL or higher.Cholesterol-rich, nutritive foods like eggs, cheese, shellfish, pastured beef, organ meats, sardines, and full-fat yogurt are good additions to your diet.learn more about Cholesterol here
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when studying inherited traits, it was noticed that the environment can change the expression of a gene. so, for instance, "tall" pea plants planted in poor soil will not grow to their full potential. this effect is part of the study of:
When studying inherited traits, it was noticed that the environment can change the expression of a gene. So, for instance, "tall" pea plants planted in poor soil will not grow to their full potential. This effect is part of the study of: epigenetics.
Genes are the basic unit of heredity. It contains the information for a particular trait that can be passed on from one generation to another. A gene can have several alternative forms, known as allele.
Epigenetics refers to the changes m]in the genes that cannot be inherited. These changes are generally made due to environmental influence. These changes are reversible. DNA methylation or acetylation are examples of epigenetics.
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what type of traps did the urban ecologist chris j. schell use that has motion sensors to take pictures of wildlife
Answer: wildlife remote trigger camera traps
Explanation:
the process by which specificity and diversity is generated among genes coding for t cell receptors (tcrs) and b cell receptors (bcrs) is:
The process by which specificity and diversity is generated among genes coding for t cell receptors (tcrs) and b cell receptors (bcrs) is: receptor diversity .
The exonuclease trimming of germline genes, V(D)J recombination, and the random insertion of non-template encoded nucleotides are basically identical procedures that are used to create the B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires.
The degree to which an immune response can distinguish between different antigenic variations is known as specificity. A straightforward method determines the relative affinity of T cell receptors or pure antibodies for various antigens.
The variety of various cell types that make up a tissue or organism is referred to as cell type diversity.
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deforestation takes place when . a erosion takes placeerosion takes place b forests are not replantedforests are not replanted c trees are cut down
deforestation takes place when . a erosion takes place b forests are not replanted c trees are cut down
C. trees are cut down
deforestation is the purposeful cutting down of the trees on a large scale area to utilize the land for agriculture, grazing, setting industries and building infrastructure.
In earlier times it was done to do slash and burn agriculture.
In mordern times, reasons for the deforestation include clearing forest for agricultural expansion, wood extraction and infrastructure development and urbanization.
Deforestation has very bad effects on our environment like climate change, soil erosion, land desertification, increased carbon emission, extreme weather condition, etc.
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You are searching for a mutant cell that is defective in protein glycosylation. You would most likely find such a mutant by looking for cells with defective ___________.
You are searching for a mutant cell that is defective in protein glycosylation. You would most likely find such a mutant by looking for cells with defective Golgi apparatus.
The Golgi apparatus can be described as a stacked membrane that plays an important role in the modification of proteins inside a eukaryotic cell. A protein after translation needs to be packaged and processed in order for it to move out of a cell. The Golgi apparatus is the site where protein modification and packaging occur.
One of the most important modifications after the translation of proteins that occurs in the Golgi complex is the glycosylation of proteins. If a cell has a mutation due to which protein glycosylation is being affected, then this means that there is a problem with the functioning of the Golgi apparatus due to this mutation. In such a circumstance, a mutant cell with a defective Golgi apparatus needs to be found.
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sc. ulnar fracture and dislocation of the proximal radial epiphysis (monteggia lesion) in the dog and cat: a review of 28 cases.
Ulnar fracture with dislocation of the proximal epiphysis of the radius (Monteggia lesion) was once diagnosed in 16 dogs and 12 cats. The lesions were categorized into four sorts on the groundwork of direction of the dislocation of the radial head and angulation of the ulnar fracture. Cranial dislocation of the radial head, with cranial angulation of the ulnar fracture (type 1 lesion) used to be the most common. Radial head chip fractures have been often associated with the lesions. In 25 cases, open reduction and interior fixation had been required. The most frequent postoperative issues were limited range of action in the elbow, osteoarthritis, and recurrent dislocation of the radial head. Follow-up reviews in 16 cases printed appropriate to great results in 10 animals and honest to bad consequences in 6 animals.
Angulation of the is a beneficial technique to create a safe pathway for drainage of deep-seated abscesses when all the planned get admission to routes in the axial planes have bowel, bone, and blood vessels in their paths.
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the neandertals’ disappearance after 30,000 ybp likely involved group of answer choices rapid extinction due to climate change. isolation into small groups that eventually disappeared one by one. migration into parts of asia where they were not well adapted, and thus, died out. a measurable degree of genetic assimilation into modern human (african) populations.
Their assimilating into much larger. more genetically diverse population so of modern humans migrating into Europe from Africa.
Migration is the journeying of lengthy distances in search of a new habitat. The set off for the migration might also be nearby climate, neighborhood availability of food, or the season of the year. To be counted as a real migration, and no longer simply a nearby dispersal, the movement have to be an annual or seasonal event.
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fertilization is the defining feature of
the stages of mitosis,
Sexual Reproduction,
metaphase i and ii,
telophase i and ii
Answer:sexual reproduction
Explanation:
Answer:
b. sexual reproduction
and the next one is
a and d
Explanation:
the human body is best described as always being in a state of equilibrium such that all body compartments are identical.
False. The human body is best described as always being in a state of equilibrium such that all body compartments are identical.
What about state of equilibrium?
The condition of a body or physical system when it is at rest or moving continuously and predictably. An equilibrium-state system exhibits no propensity to change over time. A system has no net forces and no net torque if it is in static equilibrium. During a reversible chemical process, chemical equilibrium is the state in which there is no net change in the quantity of reactants or products.
When a chemical reaction is reversible, the products react with the original reactants as soon as they are created. Examples of equilibrium include a book that is at rest on a table. a vehicle that is going steadily. A chemical process where both the forward and backward rates of reaction are equal.
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False. The best approach to characterize the human body is as being constantly in an equilibrium condition when all body compartments are identical.
body's or bodily gadget's state when it's far at relaxation or transferring step by step and reliably.
A device in equilibrium indicates no tendency to exchange over time. If a gadget is in static equilibrium, there are no internet forces and no net torque.
Chemical equilibrium is the circumstance wherein there is no internet trade within the wide variety of reactants or products at some point of a reversible chemical response.
the moment the products are produced in a reversible chemical response, they begin to interact with the initial reactants.
An open e-book resting on a desk serves as an example of equilibrium. a moving item that is transferring progressively a chemical response wherein the costs of the forward and backward reactions are equal.
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I need help asap please!
Answer:
11.cell is a basic structural and functional unit of life and they are basic building blocks
12.Stems. Stems support buds and leaves and carry water, minerals and food
13.herbaceous stems and woody stems.
14.Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
15.The plant life cycle consists of four stages; seed, sprout, small plant, and adult plant.
16.annual
17.biennial
18.Perennials
hope it helps o==[]::::::::::::::::>
if a homozygous tall plant (aa) is crossed with a homozygous small plant (aa), knowing that tall plants are dominant over small plants. what are the resulting genotypes and phenotypes for the f1 and the f2?
25% of the heterozygous pass are short, and the offspring of a homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive pea plant will continually show the dominant trait (phenotype), because they are heterozygous.
In this explanation, I'm assuming that the allele "T" for tall vegetation is dominant to the allele "t" for short plants, like in Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiment.
A homozygous tall pea plant will have the genotype "TT" and a homozygous quick plant will have the genotype "tt" because homozygous capacity that both alleles are identical. Since "T" is dominant over "t", any plant with at least one "T" allele will be tall (the dominant trait), regardless of what the other allele is.
Each of the offspring has one "T" allele, so they are all tall plants. This is because the "T" allele is dominant over the "t" allele, so a plant with one "t" allele and one "T" allele will solely display the features of the "T" allele, which in this case is a tall pea plant.
The "TT" and "Tt" crosses each have at least one "T" allele, so they are tall plants. However, the closing pass "tt" would not have any "T" alleles and is short, because it is homozygous recessive . Since 1 out of four pea vegetation are short, or 1/4, the chance of a quick pea plant from a heterozygous pass is 25%.
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g-proteins consist of 3 protein subunits. which of the three subunits is not tethered into the the plasma membrane.
Among the 3 protein subunits of G-proteins, the β-subunit is note tethered to the plasma membrane.
G-proteins belong to the family of proteins, that acts as molecule switch. They are turned on when bound to GTP and turned off when bound to GDP. The three subunit of G-protein are α, β and γ. The protein can be monomeric or trimeric.
Plasma membrane is the outer layer of the cell. It is bilayer structure composed of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol. The lipid constitutes of the polar hydrophilic head and the non-polar hydrophobic tail. The function of plasma membrane is to protect the cell from outer environment and also regulate the traffic of substances that come and go from the cell.
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assessing sequence plasticity of a virus-like nanoparticle by evolution toward a versatile scaffold for vaccines and drug delivery
Assessing sequence plasticity of a virus-like nanoparticle by evolution toward a versatile scaffold shows structural and functional relationships of viral capsid proteins and describes the mechanistic routes toward viral therapeutics. The statement is correct.
What is nanoparticle ?A nanoparticle is a small particle can not visible through eyes and it ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers in size, have shown different physical and chemical properties.
This nanoparticle can change their size at the atomic scale as it increase in surface area to volume ratio which results in the atomic surface to regulate the material performance.
Hence the large surface area help nanoparticles to possess optical, physical and chemical properties and they are small in size which confine their electrons and produce quantum effects.
Nanomaterials can be available naturally and can be produced as the by-products in the process of combustion.
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Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water allows it to prevent large fluctuations in body temperature?.
Water has a high heat capacity, or the ability to "hold on to" heat well; this property aids in the regulation of body temperature in both organisms and cells. Sweating is another way that water can be used to cool down an overheated organism.
Warm-blooded animals employ water's high heat capacity to more efficiently distribute heat throughout their bodies.Water works like a car's cooling system, moving heat from warm to cold areas and allowing the body to maintain a more constant temperature.The body requires water to maintain temperature because it is a good heat conductor and absorber. Water can absorb a lot of heat before its temperature increases because of its large heat capacity. This characteristic enables the water to function as a buffer against abrupt temperature changes in every cell of the human body.Learn more about water here:
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why is the δg of atp hydrolysis in the cell about twice as great as the δg of atp hydrolysis in a test tube under standard conditions?
The δg of ATP hydrolysis in the cell about twice as great as the δg of ATP hydrolysis in a test tube under standard conditions because in the cell the reaction is catalyzed by enzymes whereas in the test tube the reaction occurs on its own (spontaneously).
ATP hydrolysis is the reaction in which the breakdown of ATP occurs. This breakdown releases energy which is then used by the various processes of the body. This energy is due to the high energy phospho-anhydride bonds in the ATP.
Enzymes are the biological catalysts that fasten up the rate of reaction. This increase in the rate of reaction is fur to the reduction in the activation energy of the chemical reaction.
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polypeptides are synthesized from amino acid building blocks. the condensation reaction between the growing polypeptide chain and the next amino acid to be added involves the loss of
Polypeptides are synthesized from amino acid building blocks. the condensation reaction between the growing polypeptide chain and the next amino acid to be added involves the loss of a water molecule.
What are polypeptides?Using peptide bonds, short chains of amino acids form peptides. Oligopeptides are chains of fewer than twenty amino acids, and they comprise dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides. A polypeptide is a continuous, unbranched peptide chain that is longer.
Function of polypeptides :By joining many amino acids together, polypeptides contribute to the creation of proteins. When two or more polypeptides are joined together to form a protein, the resulting structure is unique to that protein. Polypeptides are peptides with more than 100 amino acid units in them. Amalin and glucagon are two examples.
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make the connection: your heart is dependent on oxygen from your respiratory system, and it is delivered by the(1 point)
Oxygen from the respiratory system is delivered by the circulatory system.
What is the relationship between respiratory and circulatory system?The respiratory system is responsible for delivering oxygen to the circulatory system that is made up of blood vessels which carry blood to the heart and then all cells of our body. Arteries carry blood that is loaded with oxygen from the heart to all cells whereas veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs for disposing carbondioxide. The circulatory system carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells, and removes waste products such as carbon dioxide.
So we can conclude that Oxygen from the respiratory system is delivered by the circulatory system.
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what are some ways that reabsorption by diffusion and active transport could be limited in the kidneys?
Some ways that affect the reabsorption by diffusion and active transport in the kidney are amount of water in the blood, amount of ions like sodium, potassium and chloride.
The kidney needs to receive and appropriately filter blood in order to operate properly. Passive diffusion, active transport, and cotransport are all types of absorption. Most water is reabsorbed by the cotransport of salt and glucose.
The reabsorptive mechanisms in the proximal tubule depend on active transport. By means of sodium-coupled secondary active transport, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed across the apical membrane of the proximal tubule.
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To which groups of animals are vertebrates most closely related phylogenetically
Vertebrates are most closely related phylogenetically to a group of animals called tunicates and lancelets.
According to the chordate family tree, the physical characteristics of vertebrates are very much similar to tunicates and lancelets.
Lancelets are elongated and small marine invertebrates while tunicates are marine invertebrates with a hard and rubbery outer coat.
The family tree of chordates shows that vertebrates have come similarities with tunicates. However, the notochord disappears in adult tunicates while in vertebrates, the notochord is replaced by a backbone in the adult stage.
According to molecular analysis of animals, vertebrates are more closely related to lancelets than tunicates.
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Differentiate Monocots and Dicots
Answer: Monocot and Dicot
Explanation:
Monocots are seeds which have only one cotyledons. Plants having monocot seeds have parallel venation leaves (like lines running down the leaf). These seeds cannot be broken open. Dicot are seeds that have 2 cotyledons. Plants having dicot seeds have reticulate venation leaves (like veins). These seeds may be opened in two halves.
comparison of the gut microbiota composition between obese and non-obese individuals in a japanese population, as analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and next-generation sequencing
Answer:
Probiotics are the good yielding microorganisms in the gut which help in proper assimilation of food. They help in the prevention of obesity.
Explanation:
Obesity has become one of the most serious social problems in developed countries in Japan. The gut microbiota was long thought to contribute to obesity, the exact association remains largely unknown.
Gut microbes are key to many aspects of human health including immune, metabolic and neurobehavioral traits. Different levels of evidence support the role of gut microbiota in human health, from animal models and human studies.
Obese and non-obese subjects had different gut microbiota compositions and that certain bacterial species were significantly associated with each group (obese: Blautia hydrogenotorophica, Coprococcus catus; non-obese: Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron)
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