In the study, it was observed that LINE-1 repression leads to protection of subpopulations of cancer cells on exposure to lethal drugs.
An evolutionary conserved process that enables population survival under stressful conditions is the maintenance of phenotypic variability within cell populations. it was observed that the drug-tolerant persisters (DTPs), a subset of cancer cells that survives treatment with lethal medicines, have a suppressed chromatin state defined by elevated methylation of histone H3 lysines 9 and 27. (H3K9 and H3K27). It was further observed that H3K9me3-mediated heterochromatin formation regulators have a role in the survival of DTPs and that long interspersed repeat element 1 (LINE-1) is the region of DTPs where the observed increase in H3K9me3 is most significant. Reducing LINE-1 expression or function partially prevents DTP ablation caused by disruption of the repressive chromatin over LINE-1 sites in DTPs.
The findings suggest that epigenetic repression of TEs, including H3K9me3-mediated repression of LINE-1s, is a mechanism by which a subpopulation of cancer cells transiently survive otherwise lethal drug exposures
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Explain why it's advantageous to have several different organ systems instead of one large system to handle all of the human body's functions.
Answer:
Explanation:
Just as organs in an organ system work together to accomplish their task, so the different organ systems also cooperate to keep the body running. The respiratory system, and the circulatory system work closely together to deliver oxygen to cells and to get rid of carbon dioxide the cells produce.
the measurement of 17-ketosteroids (17-kss) in urine is performed to assess primarily which organ(s)?
The measurement of 17-ketosteroids (17-kss) in urine is performed to assess primarily the Adrenal Gland.
Adrenal Gland- The suprarenal glands, commonly known as the small, triangular-shaped adrenal glands, are situated on top of both kidneys. Hormones generated by our adrenal glands are responsible for regulating several vital bodily functions, including our immune system, blood pressure, stress response, metabolism, and other vital functions.
Hormones- Hormonal substances serve as messenger molecules in the body. They are produced in one part of the body and then circulate to other parts, where they assist in controlling the activity of cells and organs. For instance, the hormone insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells.
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When sampling repeatedly from a population, the pattern describing the values a statistic can take and how often it takes those values is the.
The correct answer is option 3) Sampling distribution of the statistic.
The Sampling distribution of the statistics describes the pattern that emerges while repeatedly sampling from a population and describing the possible values and frequency at which those values can be obtained.
Sampling distributions are vital for inferential statistics because they allow comprehending a single sample statistic in the context of other potential values. It outlines a variety of potential possibilities for a statistic, such as the mean or mode of a variable in a population. These distributions explain how a sample statistic fluctuates from one sample to the next.
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When sampling repeatedly from a population, the pattern describing the values a statistic can take and how often it takes those values is the
the bias of the statisticsampling variability of the statisticsampling distribution of the statisticstandard error of the statistic
Which of the following agricultural practices decreases biodiversity?
O Tiling soil
O Monoculture
O Synthetic fertilizers
O Flood irrigation
Why does a prokaryotic cell have a cell wall
Answer:
Most prokaryotes have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane. The cell wall functions as a protective layer, and it is responsible for the organism’s shape. Some bacterial species have a capsule outside the cell wall.
Explanation:
calcium signaling in individual app/ps1 mouse dentate gyrus astrocytes increases ex vivo with aβ pathology and age without affecting astrocyte network activity
Astrocytes are a group of cells with functional characteristics and distinctive morphological that vary within specific areas of the brain.
For healthy brain function, astrocytes are essential. those become reactive in the case of Alzheimer's disease, which impacts the signaling properties. while experimenting, there was the measurement for instinctive calcium transients ex vivo in hippocampal astrocytes in brain slices containing the dentate gyrus of 9-month-old and 6-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice. when they investigated the duration of calcium transients and frequency concerning amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, the proximity of the astrocyte to Aβ plaques, and aging. there was no change in spontaneous calcium-transient properties of 6M APP/PS1 astrocytes compared to wild-type astrocytes, whereas there was hyperactivity in 9M APP/PS1 astrocytes compared to wild -type, which were longer in duration, also there was an effect of aging too, there was an increase in calcium in the 9-month astrocytes than to the 6-month astrocytes, also there was an increase in the calcium waves in the 9-month astrocytes because of the increase network activity. The findings were that the change in calcium signaling in individual astrocytes of APP/PS1 mice is because of both pathology and aging but these don't have any impact on changes in the astrocyte network activity, which leads to helping to understand changes in neuronal physiology.
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How many moles of iron will be made from 13.54 moles of carbon?
Answer:
0.01790670606142 that's your answer
Which policy design will BEST ensure that brine shrimp will continue to live in the Great Salt Lake?
The Marine Protection, Research, and San.ctuaries Act is the legal framework that will most effectively guarantee that brine shrimp will continue to exist in the Great Salt Lake.
Describe a policy:This is referred to as a plan or set of rules that are established by people or organizations in order to accomplish long-term objectives.
By guaranteeing that there is no population from diverse sources, the Marine Protection, Research, and San/ctuaries Act was established to safeguard the marine environment.
The brine shri/mp, a representative of an organism that lives in the salt\ water environment, may migrate from the Great Salt Lake to more suitable locations as it becomes contaminated.
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a procedure that attempts to obstruce the blood flow to a maligant tumor would be in what root operation for icd 10 pcs
According to ICD- 10 PCS root operations that alter the diameter/route of a tubular body part will be used to obstruct the blood flow to a malignant tumor. This is called occlusion.
Occlusion involves completely closing an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part. It can include intraluminal or extraluminal devices. Here, any division of the body part prior to the procedure is included. For example, Fallopian tube ligation, tying off hemorrhoids, LIGATION of the inferior vena cava.
Malignant tumors have cells that grow uncontrollably and spread locally and/or to distant sites. Malignant tumors are cancerous (ie, they invade other sites). They spread to distant sites via the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. This spread is called metastasis.
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lewis has three plants. he wants to know if giving a plant water, liquid fertilizer, or soap changes how it grows. which experiment should he do?
lewis has three plants. he wants to know if giving a plant water, liquid fertilizer or soap changes the way it grows. the experiment he must do is variable, being able to have plants with and without water, fertilizer and soap.
What is the dependent variable in this experiment what kind of soil is best for plant growth?The dependent variable is plant growth. The variable that affects the dependent variable is called the independent variable. In the plant experiment, the independent variable can be fertilizer – some plants will receive fertilizer, others will not.
With this information, we can conclude that the experiment he must do is variable, being able to have plants with and without water, fertilizer and soap.
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In the whole-mantle convection model, what feature balances the deeply descending lithosphere by transporting hot material toward the surface?.
In the whole-mantle convection model, Mantle Plumes balances the deeply descending lithosphere by transporting hot material toward the surface
entire-mantle convection model states that cold, oceanic lithosphere descends into the mantle. warm mantle plumes delivery heat closer to the surface which offers downward arm of convective waftMantle Plumes is hot spots form with the aid of warm, strong fabric growing from narrow jetsconvection occurs when the extra energetic debris flow from the warmer region to the cooler region and take their warmness power with them alternatively a present day due to the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled fluid is called Convection modernTo know more about Whole-mantle convection model visit : https://brainly.com/question/28444350
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american society of hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and other types of venous thromboembolism (VTE) affect 1 to 2 people per 1000 people yearly, or 300 000 to 600 000 cases in the United States.
Strong recommendations include using thrombolytic therapy for patients with PE and hemodynamic compromise, choosing an INR range of 2.0 to 3.0 for patients with VTE who use a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) for secondary prevention, and using indefinite anticoagulation for patients with recurrent unprovoked VTE. For uncomplicated DVT and PE at low risk for complications, conditional recommendations include the preference for home treatment over hospital-based treatment, and the preference for direct oral anticoagulants over VKA for primary treatment of VTE.
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When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, from where does this energy come?.
New energy is created by our cells whenever we need it heat mechanical energy stored in ATP chemical energy.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the supply of electricity for use and storage at the mobile level. The structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.
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An older patient visits the doctor and learns that they have a disease known as atherosclerosis,
where there is a build-up of fat and cholesterol inside their blood vessels. An illustration of this
condition is shown in the image below.
Which of the following is a result of their condition?
A. increased blood volume
B. decreased blood volume
C. increased blood pressure
D. decreased blood pressure
Conditions in the body's immediate environment
Question 2 options:
Homeostasis
Climate
Electromagnetic Field
Pathogen
Answer:
Climate and Pathogen
Explanation:
Climate and pathogen are conditions in the body's immediate environment
prions are infectious particles that can cause normal proteins to assume a misfolded shape. when the proteins assume an abnormal three- dimensional shape, they:
Prions are infectious particles that can cause normal proteins to assume a misfolded shape and when the proteins assume an abnormal 3D shape, they lose their functions.
What is protein fold?After synthesis, proteins are finally folded into specific 3D structures, which is fundamental to carrying out their functions in the cells.
In conclusion, prions are infectious particles that can cause normal proteins to assume a misfolded shape and when the proteins assume an abnormal 3D shape, they lose their functions.
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da luz, protásio l., et al. the effect of red wine on experimental atherosclerosis: lipid-independent protection. experimental and molecular pathology 65.3 (1999): 150-159.
To examine the impact of red wine on atherosclerosis, New Zealand rabbits were given a 1% cholesterol weight-reduction plan for 12 weeks and compared to animals that received the weight loss program plus either red wine or nonalcoholic wine merchandise (NAWP). Diet brought about a marked will increase in whole and LDL cholesterol, yet no tremendous modifications in HDL and triglyceride concentrations occurred. In the manage group, plaque vicinity used to be sixty-nine +/- 9% of the aortic surface, whilst in the wine and NAWP agencies, it was only 38 +/- 9 and forty-seven +/- 12%, respectively (P < 0.0001). The average intima/media thickness ratio was once 0.60 +/- 0.2 in manage animals, 0.14 +/- 0.09 in the wine group, and 0.39 +/- 0.19 in the NAWP team (P < 0.0001). No widespread variations have been referred to in LDL oxidizability among treatments. Thus, each red wine and NAWP can prevent plaque formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits regardless of the extensive will increase in LDL. We speculate that the anti-platelet effect, blockade of expression of endothelial cellphone adhesion molecules, and/or NO stimulation with the aid of red wine flavonoids are possible explanations.
Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing warmth in the process.
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circle the bacterial structures that are located on the surface of a bacteria cell: cell wall pilus nucleoid capsule flagella ribosomes
The cell wall, capsule, pilus, and flagella are the bacterial structure that is located on the surface of a bacterial cell.
Cell wall: It is composed of a protein-sugar(polysaccharide) molecule which gives the cell its shape, and rigidity and protects it from the environment.
Capsule: It is a third protective covering that is made up of polysaccharides. It plays many roles but the important ones are to keep the bacterium from drying out and to protect it from engulfing by larger microorganisms.
Pilus: These are specifically small hairlike projections that emerges from the outside of the cell surface. It helps bacteria to attach to the host organism.
Flagella: (singular, flagellum) a hairlike structure that provides a means of location for bacteria. These are mainly found at either or ends of all over its surface.
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This type of endocytosis is the cellular process of engulfing liquid particles by the cell membrane.
The type of endocytosis is the cellular process of engulfing liquid particles by the cell membrane is called pinocytosis
Pinocytosis refers to how living cells consume liquid droplets. Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis, which is the method by which cells envelop external substances and collect them in special membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell. Pinocytosis occurs when a droplet of the liquid becomes bound, or reabsorbed, on the cell membrane. It then invaginates (creates a pocket) and pinches off to create a vesicle in the cytoplasm instead of a single droplet of liquid traveling inactively through the cell membrane.
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Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
(01.05 MC)
The Midwest United States is dominated by grasslands and food crops. Which abiotic factors of temperate grasslands create rich
soils for farmland?
Low precipitation and distinct seasons
O Distinct summers and winters; high rainfall.
O Mild winters, high precipitation, and lack of trees
1
High precipitation and little seasonal change
The abiotic factors of temperate grasslands that would create rich soils for farmland are distinct summers and winters; high rainfall. That is option B.
What are abiotic factors in an ecosystem?Abiotic factors are those factors that are found in the environment of an ecosystem which are non living and cam influence the activities of organisms inhabiting that ecosystem.
Examples of abiotic factors that affect the temperate grassland include the following:
wind, soil, rocks,water, sun light, air, wind, temperature, lightning, rain, and climate change.
Soil fertility is enhanced in the presence of rainfall and distinct or controlled seasonal changes.
Therefore, the abiotic factors of temperate grasslands that would create rich
soils for farmland are distinct summers and winters; high rainfall.
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IV - amount of water
DV - Rate of photosynthesis
What’s the hypothesis
Answer:
[tex]H_{0}[/tex]: The amount of water will have no effect on the rate of photosynthesis.
[tex]H_{1}[/tex]: A larger amount of water will increase the rate of photosynthesis.
[tex]H_{0}[/tex] means null hypothesis, a hypothesis where the independent variable, in this case, the amount of water, has no effect on the dependent variable.
Match the following vocabulary terms to their correct definitions.
Does NOT contain carbon.
An increase in the membrane permeability for a solute will result in an increase in the driving force for diffusion of that solute through the membrane. True or false?.
An increase in the membrane permeability for a solute will result in an increase in the driving force for diffusion of that solute through the membrane. This statement is TRUE.
Surface area and porosity/permeability are the two variables that are most relevant to diffusion via a membrane. Slower diffusion will result from a membrane with less permeability or less surface area, which will obstruct molecule motion. More permeable cells can withstand cold and freezing more easily, but they could also become dehydrated. Living cells are suspended in an aqueous solution, and as the cells move through the solution, ice crystals begin to form in the solution around them, increasing the concentration of solutes outside the cells.
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218k reber, a burki, n vizcaino reves, et al.: biomechanical evaluation of the stabilizing function of the atlantoaxial ligaments under shear loading: a canine cadaveric study. vet surg. 42:918-923 2013 24117887
ROM grew similarly and gradually during the test. The transsection of the alar ligaments resulted in the greatest rise.
To stabilise the atlantoaxial joint under shear pressure, the alar ligaments appear to be the most significant ligamentous structures.
What is Biomechanical evaluation ?The evaluation of your body's full kinetic chain, which includes your legs, hips, and spine, is part of the biomechanical process. The angular relationships, range of motion, and dynamic interactions are all included.
An evaluation of the lower limbs' anatomy, alignment, strengths, and weaknesses is part of the biomechanical process. The foot, which carries our body weight as we walk every day, is a complicated structure made up of 28 separate bones, 214 ligaments, and 38 muscles.Learn more about Biomechanical evaluation here:
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knockout of the circadian clock protein per1 exacerbates hypertension and increases kidney injury in dahl salt-sensitive rats
Knockout of the circadian clock protein per1 exacerbates hypertension and increases kidney injury in dahl salt-sensitive rats resulting in worsening of the SS hypertensive phenotype (1).
A circadian clock factor BMAL1, significantly found in kidneys, is known to affect blood pressure. Moreover, a diet high in salt is associated with immune cell infiltration in the kidney and consequently increases blood pressure. The BMAL1 factor is also responsible for expressing various genes. Mice, when treated with BMAL1 showed aging phenotypes like muscle weakness, changed gait, decreased mobility, inactivity, etc.
PER1 is a circadian clock transcription factor and is regulated by aldosterone. Nice on PER1 knock-out develops reduced sodium excretion with day and night differences. This is done in response to a high-salt diet.
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Phycobiliproteins are complex proteins in cyanobacteria that absorb light energy. There are three kinds of phycobiliprotein molecules used to pass light to chlorophyll: phycoerythrin—responsible for capturing green light, phycocyanin—responsible for capturing orange-red light, and allophycocyanin—responsible for capturing red light.
Since light can only penetrate to certain depths in oceans (figure 1), phycobiliproteins capture the light available and pass it through various pathways of phycobiliproteins until the emitted light is red, which is absorbed by chlorophyll.
Explain the relationship between chlorophyll absorption and wavelength.
In addition to the pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis, a certain photosynthetic species contains two additional pigment types. Justify the claim that this species is better adapted to environmental changes than the cyanobacteria described above. Provide reasoning that explains this claim.
Answer:
since chlorophyll are only able to absorb the red, then the relationship is that the shorter the wavelength the better the chlorophyll will absorb the light for the bacteria. the second species will therefore be able to absorb more different wavelengths of light to turn it into the red light that can then be absorbed, in case the wavelengths of light that reach the bacteria in the ocean changed for some reason
you can tell the age of a yeast cell by group of answer choices counting scars seeing whether it will grow on melibiose studying its flocculation total cell count
You can tell the age of a yeast cell by (a) counting scars.
Yeast is a unicellular eukaryotic organism. It belongs to the kingdom Fungi. It is primarily used in baking, cooking and in alcohol industries as well. There are various strains of yeast and the most widely used one is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also called the baker's or the brewer's yeast.
Scars on the yeast are actually the bud scars formed due to budding. Budding is the process by which the yeast reproduces and gives rise to its offspring. Hence every time a daughter bud pinches off from the yeast cell, a scar is formed.
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What structures do all of these cells have in common?
Answer: All have a cytoplasam, plasma membrane, DNA, and ribosomes
describe the formation of platelets from pluripotent stem cells, including the influence of hormones.
The formation of platelets from pluripotent stem cells, including the influence of hormones.
Pluripotent stem cells form are the cells that can form all the cells of the body including ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm but not the extra-embryonic structures like placenta.
Platelets are formed by a precursor cell called megakaryocyte which are present in the bone marrow. It is actually present in the kidney in the form of myeloid stem cells which forms the megakaryoblast which transforms into megakaryocytes.
Thousands of plateletes are formed by the megakarocytes. Thrombopoietin is the hormone which regulates plateletes formation.
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The biomass pyramids for phytoplankton and trees in their respective environments are _______. a. both inverted b. the same c. opposite d. both normal please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The biomass pyramids for phytoplankton and trees in their respective environments are opposite.
In the field of ecology, a biomass pyramid can be described as a pyramid that represents the biomass i.e the amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
Usually, the biomass of producers is the greatest in an ecosystem and it decreases while going up at each trophic level. Producers such as trees are usually higher in number and have a larger life span. Hence, their biomass is greater than consumers.
However, the case is the opposite in the case of phytoplanktons. If phytoplanktons are the producers in an ecosystem, then the pyramid of biomass is inverted.
This is because phytoplanktons have a short life span and also are very tiny having little mass. As compared to phytoplanktons, the consumers of such an ecosystem have a greater mass and life span. Hence, the pyramid for trees and phytoplanktons is the opposite.
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