The scientific study of organisms with the ultimate goal of characterizing and arranging them in an orderly manner is systematics.
In the field of biology, systematics can be described as the study of the different forms of organisms, present both in the past and present, and their relationships with each other.
The organisms are characterized based on the similarities and differences that are present in them over time and arranged accordingly. The organisms that have more similar characteristics are arranged closer in order than organisms that do not have many similar characteristics.
Systematics helps to make it possible to study the various similarities and differences that exist between different organisms. It also helps in determining the evolutionary relationships between organisms.
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pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes deterioration of the muscles. it is seen almost exclusively in boys born to unaffected parents and usually results in death in the early teens.
Recessive; if muscular dystrophy were dominant, would affect one parent of a child born with disorder. disorder's inheritance is sex-linked because seen only in boys. For girl to have disorder, she would have to inherit recessive alleles from both parents. would be rare, since males with recessive allele on X chromosome die in their early teens
A rare form of the condition known as pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy frequently develops into severe handicap within a few years after onset, is more prevalent in boys, and starts before puberty. The other types of dystrophies typically start in youth or early adulthood and affect both men and women equally.
The complete question is,
Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes gradual deterioration of the muscles. It is seen almost exclusively in boys born to apparently unaffected parents and usually results in death in the early teens. Is this disorder caused by a dominant or a recessive allele? Is its inheritance sex-linked or autosomal? How do you know? Explain why this disorder is almost never seen in girls.
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Why do crickets chirp at higher temperatures?
Answer:
The reason that crickets chirp faster when it's warmer has to do with muscle contractions.
li, l. et al. the flavivirus precursor membrane-envelope protein complex: structure and maturation. science (80-. ). 319, 1830–1834 (2008)
Numerous viruses go through the maturation step before being transmitted to another host final stages of assembly.
Flaviviruses are a bunch of enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses accountable for notable mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Flaviviruses fuse with the endosomal membranes of the prey cell in a pH-dependent fashion by entering cells via a clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway. Flaviviruses derived from the endoplasmic reticulum assemble at bud into membranes as immature virions on which E and prM proteins interact as heterotrimeric spikes.
The flaviviruses maturation process is staged by the proteolytic cleavage of the precursor membrane protein into shifting to infectious particles from the inert virus. The peptide β-barrel structure consists of the fusion loop in E, controlling fusion with host cell membranes. during maturation, The structure helps to identify the stages of the pH-directed conformational metamorphosis and leads to the release of pr when budding from the host.
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Identifya controversial environmental issue in your community that fits into one of the following three major categories: resource depletion, pollution, or loss of biodiversity. Discuss how the issue is being addressed and whether or not the conflicts associated with “the tragedy of the commons” are affecting solutions to the problems.
A controversial environmental issue in my community is river pollution. that the city's sewage goes to the river in the wrong way, with that all life in that river is improper, the conflicts associated with the "tragedy of the commons" are affecting the solutions to the problems, because companies want to continue throwing pollution in the rivers but the population wants.
What is river pollution?Polluted rivers are those springs that receive in their waters all kinds of polluting residues such as chemical, physical and biological agents. They are harmful to soil, fauna, flora and human activities. Freshwater sources are vital for humans, but they receive a large number of pollutants.
With this information, we can conclude that Rivers are polluted by the contamination of organic waste, including human and animal excretions, and agricultural waste resulting from plant decomposition.
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oxidative stress with an activation of the renin–angiotensin system in human vascular endothelial cells as a novel mechanism of uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction. j hypertens
A unique mechanism of uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction, neighborhood stimulation of oxidative strain, and the renin-angiotensin system treat uric acid-brought about growing old and demise of human endothelial cells.
remedies that focus on uric acid can be wonderful for cardiovascular sickness.
HUVECs uncovered to uric acid at concentrations extra than 6 and 9 mg/dl, respectively, experienced senescence and apoptosis. Probenecid, enalaprilat, or telmisartan avoided modifications in mobile proliferation, senescence, and apoptosis introduced on by way of uric acid. starting at five min, uric acid dramatically accelerated the formation of reactive oxygen species, and N-acetylcysteine or tempol was capable of counteract uric acid-brought about senescence and loss of life in HUVECs. Tempol was effective in reducing the consequences of uric acid on angiotensin II degrees and upregulating the expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and angiotensin II receptors.To learn more about uric acid here:-
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how does dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) encode information? vhow does dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) encode information? information is encoded in the number of each different nucleotide. information is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides. the genes along the length of dna molecules encode the information for building all the cell's other molecules. the dna molecule is composed of many amino acids joined together to form a functional protein. information is encoded in the different shapes of the dna molecules.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helix molecule that encodes information in the sequence of nucleotides.
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that serves to store the genetic material that will be transmitted across generations, this molecule is a double helix composed of long chains of nucleotides.
The nucleotide sequence of a single strand of DNA stores key information to synthesize proteins, which is achieved by sequential cell processes of transcription and translation.
In conclusion, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helix molecule that encodes information in the sequence of nucleotides.
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When viewing protists in this lab, applying a drop of __________ may be necessary to slow the movement of the organisms so they are more easily viewed.
When viewing protists in this lab, applying a drop of methyl-cellulose may be necessary to slow the movement of the organisms so they are more easily viewed.
Methyl cellulose is used excessively in the lab for the preparation of slides for a number of reasons.
Methylcellulose helps to keep the cell shape and behavior intact. It also helps to slow the movement of cilia or flagella, hence slowing down the movement of organisms. Slowing down the movement as well as keeping it alive makes methyl cellulose an excellent choice for viewing organisms like protists.
Organisms, like protists, have the ability to move around at a fast rate due to the presence of ciliates. Hence, to study organisms such as protists, biologists need to slow down its movement.
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chloroplasts and mitochondria share a common trait with the nucleus that the other organelles do not. what is this shared characteristic?
The shared characters of Mitochondria and Chloroplast with Nucleus is that the both cell organelle are having double membrane, own DNA, and involve in energy production.
Organelles bound by a double membrane include the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells. A eukaryotic nucleus is made up of the nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope (NE), nuclear lamina, and nucleolus.
Nucleoplasm- The protoplasm of a nucleus.
Nuclear Lamina- The inner nuclear membrane and the peripheral chromatin are both structures that are adjacent to the nuclear lamina. Lamins, which are also present in the nucleus, and proteins that link lamins make up this structure.
Nucleolus- A region composed of RNA and proteins that is found inside the nucleus of a cell and is where ribosomes are produced.
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PLS HELP 100 PTS!
The term "dirty snowball" is a pretty good description of what type of object?
A. moon
B. asteroid
C. Sun
D. comet
E. all of the above
Answer: The sun
Hope this helps
a, matthews bg, et al. inhibition of leukemia cell engraftment and disease progression in mice by osteoblasts. blood 2014;12
Both in people and animals, acute myeloid leukemia reduces the number of osteoblasts.
A pharmaceutical approach to osteoblast restoration in leukemic mice decreases tumor burden across the board and lengthens survival.
According to theory, the bone marrow niche serves as a permissive microenvironment necessary for the genesis or development of hematopoietic malignancies. We proposed that leukemic blasts are influenced by osteoblasts, niche elements vital to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activity.In mice models of acute leukemia, genetic osteoblast depletion increased the number of circulating blasts and tumor engraftment in the marrow and spleen, which raised tumor burden and decreased survival. Hematopoietic lineage/progression may have been altered since myelopoiesis rose, was accompanied by a decline in B lymphopoiesis, and was impaired by erythropoiesis.Osteoblast loss was prevented in mice with acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pharmaceutical inhibitor of the manufacture of duodenal serotonin, a hormone that reduces the number of osteoblasts.Therefore, osteoblasts and leukemia are related.
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ASAP What are the differences between the metric and English systems of measurement?
answer:
the metric system uses interchangeable latin prefixes to indicate the amount of unit being measured, multiples of ten are used as well, making things easier to convert.
the english system is based more on things used to measure units historically, making it more difficult to convert units.
Plants use nitrogen to make
How does cell differentiation lead to the organization within a multicellular organism.
Cells eventually become specialized and use different parts of genes to become programme to do special jobs and look certain away.
What effects does an organism's cell differentiation have?The process of cell differentiation is crucial for complex creatures during all stages of their life, but it is especially crucial during embryonic development. This is as a result of the changes it brings about in the size, shape, metabolic processes, and signal responsiveness of cells.
Differentiated cells are important in a multicellular organism because they are able to perform a specialised function in the body.
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The film defines species as populations whose members don’t interbreed. What keeps different galápagos finch species from mating?.
Answer:
Explanation:
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Answer:
Galapagos species are among those populations whose members do not interbreed. The reasons that keep them from mating is that they are separated due to differences in songs and beaks, individuals only recognize and respond to songs of their own species. Therefore, geographic isolation and different environments led to changes in traits that affected mating.
after suffering a head injury, derick exhibits weak and uncoordinated movement of the jaw as well as numbness of the tongue and lower gums. which nerve was likely damaged?
Derick likely damaged the Trigeminal nerve after suffering a head injury since his symptoms are weak and uncoordinated movement of the jaw and numbness of the tongue and lower gums.
The trigeminal nerve is a part of the nervous system primarily responsible for sensing pain, touch and temperature in the face and sends the signal to the brain. The trigeminal nerve is the fifth of 12 cranial nerves and called the cranial nerve V.
There are two trigeminal nerves, one on each side of your body. They originate in the brain and travel throughout the head. The trigeminal nerve has three branches that perform various functions:
• Ophthalmic – related to forehead, eye and upper eyelids sends nerve impulses from the upper part of the face and scalp to the brain.
• Maxillary – which refers to the upper jaw extends to the lower eyelids, nose, cheeks and upper lip and gums is responsible for sensations in the middle part of the face.
• Mandibular – or the lower jaw branch aids sensation to the lower part of the face, like the jaws, lower lip and gum. These nerves also have a motor function and help in biting, chewing and swallowing.
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regulatory small rnas circumvent the conventional quorum sensing pathway in pandemic vibrio cholerae
Bacteria communicate with molecules of extracellular signaling known as autoinducers through a process called quorum sensing (QS) (AIs). Bacteria are able to coordinate gene expression on a population-wide scale in response to AIs, mimicking multicellular animals in certain ways. A phosphorelay circuit that interferes with the production of numerous short regulatory RNAs is used internally by Vibrio cholera EI Tor, the causative agent of the current cholera pandemic, to transduce AI information (sRNAs). The mRNA encodes the principal transcriptional regulator HapR and these RNAs form a base pair and inhibit translation of each other.HapR regulates the expression of virulence factors and the development of biofilms in V. cholera. Here, we uncover a QS mechanism that is sRNA-dependent but HapR-independent. In this system, the sRNAs base-pair with a new target mRNA to activate translation by avoiding the creation of a stem-loop structure, which inhibits translation. We demonstrate that the conventional V. cholera strain, which purportedly lacks QS due to a non-functioning HapR and produced prior pandemics, nevertheless demonstrates QS-controlled gene expression via this novel HapR-independent mechanism.
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Every September, monarch butterflies migrate to Mexico by the millions. They stay there for the winter. They live in the branches of fir trees. Tall trees keep the butterflies safe from the rain. Trees also help to block the dangerous cold night air. Scientists are worried about monarch butterflies. The winter of 2010 was very troubling. There were fewer butterflies in Mexico that winter. In fact, it was the smallest population since 1993. Scientists think that they know why. Many fir trees are being cut down in Mexico. Without enough trees, the butterflies cannot survive.
Do It!
The butterflies use the trees for _________.
Press enter to interact with the item, and press tab button or down arrow until reaching the Submit button once the item is selected
A directions
B closets
C shelter
D food
The butterflies use the trees for shelter and is therefore denoted as option C.
What is Shelter?This is referred to as a structure or place which offers protection to different types of organisms and examples include burrows, tree branches etc. This helps to shield them from the harsh climatic conditions or from predators.
Organisms such as butterflies use tree branches as shelter from the harsh climate during winter because the leaves form a canopy hence protecting them in this scenario.
This is therefore the reason why there was a reduction in the population of the butterflies when the trees were cut.
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although monosaccharides can exist in linear form virtually all cellular monosaccharides are found in circular form
It is true that monosaccharides can be exist in the linear form that virtually all the cellular monosaccharides are be found in the circular form
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they conform to be the general chemical formula of (CH2O)x and are termed as simple sugars. The most commonly occurring monosaccharides that contain three to six carbon atoms are in an unbranched the single-bonded chain. the Monosaccharides are the signified by the suffix -ose.
The three of the most common monosaccharides are the glucose, fructose, and the galactose. In addition to these three are sugars, the monosaccharide are category they also includes the sugar and alcohols and the pentoses.
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4.) imagine that you place two endothermic mammals, a mouse and an elephant, in a freezer and leave them there for an hour. which would have the most difficulty maintaining temperature homeostasis? explain your reasoning.
the mouse would have difficulty maintaining temperature homeostasis because it has a large surface area to volume ratio.
Homeostasis is any self-regulating manner by means of which an organism tends to hold stability whilst adjusting to stipulations that are nice for its survival. If homeostasis is successful, lifestyles continues; if it is unsuccessful, it results in a catastrophe or dying of the organism.
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a challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, when it was discovered that
a challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, when it was discovered that embryos of dissimilar organisms are also having similar embryonic structure.
Species is a group of organisms that can interbreed among themselves to produce viably offspring. Intially organisms with similar external features were considered to be related species. For example birds and bats, whale and shark.
But later on with the development of concept of embryology we were clearly able to identify organism who are different structurally but have evolved from a common ancestors. As whales are morphologically similar to sharks but they are considered mammals rather fish. similarly bats are also mammals and not aves.
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what does race hogs mean
Answer: to race the hogs means to be faster than time.
Explanation:
The fossil record helps scientists describe life only in the seas and other bodies of water.
The geological time scale refers to the chronological order of all significant occurrences, such as the emergence of life and the development of rocks, beginning with the earth's formation and ending with the most recent geological period.
This time scale was created using index fossils in conjunction with the examination of rock layers that have been discovered on Earth. These fossils were existent for a very brief period of time and are geographically widely dispersed.
When the planet first began to form, during the Precambrian period, it underwent a complex geological process that resulted in the formation of different core, mantle, and crustal rocks.
It covers roughly 85–90% of the history of the planet and includes the eons known as the Haden, Archean, and Proterozoic, which range in age from about 4.6 billion years to 540 million years.
Theropod dinosaurs lived in the Jurassic period, which is when birds first appeared. The birds of today descended from that ancestor.
The most recent era, or Cenozoic, dates from roughly 65 million years ago to the present. Numerous species have evolved throughout this time period, and humans have also initially appeared during this period.
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Explain what would happen if an organism were introduced to a chemical that inhabited ATP synthase.
If an organism was introduced to a chemical that inhibited ATP synthase, then it could not produce energy through the aerobic cellular respiration chemical pathways.
What is the ATP synthase enzyme?The ATP synthase is an enzyme (i.e. a protein) that uses the energy provided by a proton H+ gradient to synthesize ATP during cellular respiration, specifically during the last step of this series of chemical cellular respiration reactions called oxidative phosphorylation.
Adenosine triphosphate ATP is the main energy coin of the eukaryotic aerobic cells, which contain high phosphate energy bonds that are broken down during metabolic processes such are growth, differentiation in cells, etc. This molecule (ATP) is mainly generated by cellular respiration pathways
In conclusion, if an organism was introduced to a chemical that inhibited ATP synthase, then it could not produce energy through the aerobic cellular respiration chemical pathways.
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5. Select one organism that is a member of a Kingdom other than Animalia and give its
common name as well as its taxonomic classification (for example, corn is Kingdom-
Plantae, Phylum- Magnoliophyta, Class- Liliopsida, Order- Cyperales, Family- Poaceae,
Genus-Zea, Species- mays)
Taxonomy is the study and classification of organisms into different cathegories. Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Plantae, Phylum: Spermatophyta, Class: Dicotyledonae, Order: Rosales, Family: Rosaceae, Genus: Rose, Species: multiflora Thunb
What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the study of different organisms and their classification into categories according to
their morphologytheir molecular characteristics their evolutionary relationships.Based of these charactereistics, each organism gets a binomial name.
The categories in which organisms are classified are:
Domains are the highest taxonomic category in which living beings can be grouped or divided. There are three domains: archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.- The archaea domain
- The bacteria domain
- The eukarya domain
Kingdom Includes different phyla closely relates.- The bacteria domain includes the Eubacteria kingdom.
- The archaea domain includes the archaebacteria kingdom.
- The eukarya domain is divided into four kingdoms: Protist, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Phylum Include different classes closely related.Classes Include different orders closely relates.Orders Include different families closely relatedFamily Include different genera closely relatesGenus Include many species.Species might include subspecies.
For instanse, I chose a rose species
Domain ⇒ Eukarya,Kingdom ⇒ Plantae, Phylum ⇒ Spermatophyta, Subphylum ⇒ AngiospermaeClass ⇒ Dicotyledonae, Order ⇒ Rosales, Family ⇒ Rosaceae,Genus ⇒ Rose, Species ⇒ multiflora ThunbBINOMIAL NAME: Rosa multiflora Thunb.
COMMON NAME: Multiflora rose
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Fill in the missing levels of organization in living things from smallest to largest: cell, __________, organ, _______________, organism
The appropriate response is -.
1. Tissue
2. Organ system
The complexity of life has evolved from simplicity, as seen by the organization of living things.
A cell, which is thought of as the smallest unit of life, is what makes up a living thing. The cell gathers and organizes to form tissues that carry out comparable functions. The organs that are created from this tissue are specialized to carry out coordinated duties. The organ system that results from this specialization creates an organism.
Therefore, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere are the levels, going from smallest to largest.
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quality of life outcome in revision rhinoplasty in regards to number of revision surgeries and cartilage donor site.
Revision rhinoplasty complements the exceptional of lifestyles in terms of health.
In terms of graft fabric, there are not any postoperative versions in ROE- or nostril rankings (ear- as opposed to septal cartilage). Postoperatively, each subgroups show exceedingly better ratings.
Sixty-four people were prospectively enrolled in this trial, 53 (82.8%) woman and 11 (17.2%) male. The donor web page for revision surgical operation became septal cartilage in forty one (sixty four.1%) instances and ear cartilage in 23 (35.9%) of sufferers. In contrast to patients who had simplest had one prior operation, patients with more than one surgical procedures (n=18) had decrease preoperative ROE ratings (28.2 12.eight). however the exchange wasn't simply that large (p=zero.06). Even after surgical procedure, this subgroup persisted to noticeably enhance (ROE-postop 61.9 24.2; p0.05). Following surgery, the ROE and nose scores of each cohorts (septal cartilage and ear cartilage) significantly increased, indicating an improvement in health-associated first-class of life. concerning the cartilage donor site in revision surgical treatment, we have been not able to perceive massive changes in postoperative health-related pleasant of existence.To learn more about rhinoplasty here:-
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If a genetic disease is caused by the inability to produce a certain protein the most likely cause comes from a blank in the dna sequence
Answer: mutation
Explanation:
mutations can cause things in the cell to be distorted or missing
which feature is not found in the chordate lineage? group of answer choices bilateral symmetry pharyngeal slits at some stage during development a dorsal hollow nerve cord a notochord at some stage during development an external skeleton
The feature that is not found in chordate lineage is external skeleton. The correct option is D.
What is chordates?A chordate is a organism of the Chordata phylum. All chordates bear five synapomorphies, or main characteristics, that varies them from all other taxa at certain point in their larval or adulthood stages.
The chordate lineage encompasses features such as bilateral symmetry, the occurrence of a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits at some stage of development, along with a notochord at certain stage of their development.
An external skeleton, on the other hand, is not one of these classification features. Chordates typically involve an internal skeleton.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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If any would be so kind to please any question ASAP. Thanks
Answer:
Explanation:
ASAP
in a study on germination of radish seeds, five beakers were set up containing equal numbers of seeds. the beakers
Five beakers with equal numbers of seeds each were set up for a study on the germination of radish seeds. The conditions listed in the table below were applied to the beakers.
Which of the following pairs of beakers' data should be compared in order to identify whether or not enzymes are required for germination?
We will learn about the importance of enzymes for germination from beakers 1 and 2. Hence, option A: beaker 1 and 2 is correct.
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