we obtain a row of zeros in subset, indicating that the set {(1, 4, 6), (1, 5, 8), (2, -1, 1), (0, 1, 0)} is not linearly independent.
To determine if a set of vectors is linearly independent, we need to check if the only solution to the equation a(1, 4, 6) + b(1, 5, 8) + c(2, -1, 1) + d(0, 1, 0) = (0, 0, 0) is when a = b = c = d = 0.
By setting up the corresponding system of equations and solving it, we can find the values of a, b, c, and d that satisfy the equation. However, a more efficient method is to create an augmented matrix with the vectors as columns and row-reduce it.
Performing row operations on the augmented matrix, we can transform it to its reduced row-echelon form. If the resulting matrix has a row of zeros, it would indicate that the vectors are linearly dependent. However, if the matrix does not have a row of zeros, it means that the vectors are linearly independent.
In this case, when we row-reduce the augmented matrix, we obtain a row of zeros, indicating that the set {(1, 4, 6), (1, 5, 8), (2, -1, 1), (0, 1, 0)} is not linearly independent.
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solve for 9,10
urgent!!!!!!
thank you
Using the vectors given, compute ū+v, ü-V, and 2ū– 3v. 9. ū=(2-3), v = (1,5) 10. ū=(-3,4), v = (-2,1)
(a) Given the vectors ū = (2, -3) and v = (1, 5), the calculations are as follows: ū + v = (3, 2), ū - v = (1, -8), and 2ū - 3v = (4, -17).
(b) Given the vectors ū = (-3, 4) and v = (-2, 1), the calculations are as follows: ū + v = (-5, 5), ū - v = (-1, 3), and 2ū - 3v = (-6, 9).
(a) For the first question, the vector addition ū + v is computed by adding the corresponding components of the vectors ū and v. Therefore, ū + v = (2 + 1, -3 + 5) = (3, 2).
Similarly, the vector subtraction ū - v is computed by subtracting the corresponding components of the vectors ū and v. Therefore, ū - v = (2 - 1, -3 - 5) = (1, -8). Finally, the scalar multiplication 2ū - 3v is calculated by multiplying each component of the vector ū by 2 and each component of the vector v by -3, and then adding the corresponding components. Therefore, 2ū - 3v = (2(2) - 3(1), 2(-3) - 3(5)) = (4 - 3, -6 - 15) = (1, -21).
(b) For the second question, the vector addition ū + v is computed by adding the corresponding components of the vectors ū and v. Therefore, ū + v = (-3 - 2, 4 + 1) = (-5, 5).
Similarly, the vector subtraction ū - v is computed by subtracting the corresponding components of the vectors ū and v. Therefore, ū - v = (-3 - (-2), 4 - 1) = (-1, 3). Finally, the scalar multiplication 2ū - 3v is calculated by multiplying each component of the vector ū by 2 and each component of the vector v by -3, and then adding the corresponding components. Therefore, 2ū - 3v = (2(-3) - 3(-2), 2(4) - 3(1)) = (-6 + 6, 8 - 3) = (0, 5).
Therefore, the computations for ū + v, ū - v, and 2ū - 3v are as follows:
9. ū + v = (3, 2), ū - v = (1, -8), 2ū - 3v = (1, -21).
ū + v = (-5, 5), ū - v = (-1, 3), 2ū - 3v = (0, 5).
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n Solve the following equation for on the interval [0, 360°). 43 sec (0) + 7 = -1 A. 150° B. 270° C. 210° D. 0° E. 30°
The equation 43sec(θ) + 7 = -1 on the interval [0, 360°) is solved by finding the reference angle of cos(θ) = -43/8, resulting in θ = 150° (Option A).
To solve the equation 43sec(θ) + 7 = -1 on the interval [0, 360°), we first isolate the secant term by subtracting 7 from both sides, resulting in 43sec(θ) = -8.
Next, we divide both sides by 43 to obtain sec(θ) = -8/43. Taking the reciprocal of both sides gives cos(θ) = -43/8. Since cosine is negative in the second and third quadrants, we can find the reference angle by taking the inverse cosine of -43/8.
Evaluating this yields a reference angle of approximately 71.43°. Considering the interval [0, 360°), the angles that satisfy the equation are 180° - 71.43° = 108.57° and 180° + 71.43° = 251.43°.
Therefore, the solution within the given interval is θ = 150° (Option A).
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My 2. (10.08 HC) The function h is defined by the power series h(x) => Mx)= x x x x+1 no2n+1 Part A: Determine the interval of convergence of the power series for h. (10 points) Part B: Find h '(-1) a
Part A: The interval of convergence for the power series of function h is (-1, 1).
Part B: To find h'(-1), we need to differentiate the power series term by term. Differentiating the given power series h(x) term by term results in h'(x) = 1 - 4x^2 + 9x^4 - 16x^6 + ... Evaluating this at x = -1, we get[tex]h'(-1) = 1 - 4 + 9 - 16 + ... = -1 + 9 - 25 + 49 - ... = -15.[/tex]
Part A: The interval of convergence for a power series is the range of x values for which the series converges. In this case, the given power series is of the form [tex]Σ(Mn*x^n)[/tex] where n starts from 0. To determine the interval of convergence, we need to find the values of x for which the series converges. Using the ratio test or other convergence tests, it can be shown that the given series converges for |x| < 1, which means the interval of convergence is (-1, 1).
Part B: To find h'(-1), we differentiate the power series term by term. The derivative of xn is nx^(n-1), so differentiating the given power series term by term gives us h'(x) = 1 - 4x^2 + 9x^4 - 16x^6 + ... Evaluating this at x = -1 gives us h'(-1) = 1 - 4 + 9 - 16 + ... which is an alternating series. By evaluating the series, we find that the sum is -1 + 9 - 25 + 49 - ..., which can be written as an infinite geometric series with a common ratio of -4. Using the formula for the sum of an infinite geometric series, we find the sum to be -15. Therefore, h'(-1) = -15.
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lim (1 point) Find the limits. Enter "DNE' if the limit does not exist. 1 - cos(7xy) (x,y)--(0,0) ху X - y lim (x.99–18.8) 4 - y 11
The limit of (1 - cos(7xy)) as (x,y) approaches (0,0) exists between -1 and 2, but the exact value cannot be determined. The limit of [tex](x^0.99 - 18.8) / (4 - y^11)[/tex]as (x,y) approaches (x,y) is -4.7.
To find the limits, let's evaluate each one:
1. lim (x,y)→(0,0) (1 - cos(7xy)):
We can use the squeeze theorem to determine the limit. Since -1 ≤ cos(7xy) ≤ 1, we have:
-1 ≤ 1 - cos(7xy) ≤ 2
Taking the limit as (x,y) approaches (0,0) of each inequality, we get:
-1 ≤ lim (x,y)→(0,0) (1 - cos(7xy)) ≤ 2
Therefore, the limit exists and is between -1 and 2.
2.[tex]lim (x,y)\rightarrow(x,y) (x^0.99 - 18.8) / (4 - y^11):[/tex]
Since the limit is not specified, we can evaluate it by substituting the values of x and y into the expression:
[tex]lim (x,y)\rightarrow(x,y) (x^0.99 - 18.8) / (4 - y^11) = (0^0.99 - 18.8) / (4 - 0^11) = (-18.8) / 4 = -4.7[/tex]
Thus, the limit of the expression is -4.7.
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O Calculate the following sums a) Ž 5 (D) 6) & 6 10 KI nei k² + zk k=1 (2 Do the following series converge or diverge? ? a) Ž b) Z 5 ink k KI k=1 k! 2.
In mathematics, when we say that a series converges, it means that the terms of the series approach a finite value as we take more and more terms.
a) ∑(5k² + zk) from k=1 to 6:
To evaluate this sum, we substitute the values of k from 1 to 6 into the given expression and add them up:
∑(5k² + zk) = (5(1²) + z(1)) + (5(2²) + z(2)) + (5(3²) + z(3)) + (5(4²) + z(4)) + (5(5²) + z(5)) + (5(6²) + z(6))
Simplifying:
= (5 + z) + (20 + 2z) + (45 + 3z) + (80 + 4z) + (125 + 5z) + (180 + 6z)
Combining like terms:
= 455 + 21z
Therefore, the sum is 455 + 21z.
b) ∑(5ink/k!) from k=1 to 2:
To evaluate this sum, we substitute the values of k from 1 to 2 into the given expression and add them up:
∑(5ink/k!) = (5in1/1!) + (5in2/2!)
Simplifying:
= 5in + 5in^2/2
Therefore, the sum is 5in + 5in^2/2.
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Find a parametric representation for the surface. the part of the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 144 that lies between the planes z = 0 and z = 63. (Enter your answer as a comma-separated list of equations. Le
To find a parametric representation for the surface that lies between the planes z = 0 and z = 63 and satisfies the equation x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 144, we can use spherical coordinates.
In spherical coordinates, a point on the surface of a sphere is represented by (r, θ, φ), where r is the radius, θ is the polar angle, and φ is the azimuthal angle.
For this particular case, we have the constraint that z lies between 0 and 63, which corresponds to the range of φ between 0 and π.
The equation x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 144 can be rewritten in spherical coordinates as r^2 = 144.
To find the parametric representation, we can express x, y, and z in terms of r, θ, and φ. The equations are:
x = r sin(θ) cos(φ)
y = r sin(θ) sin(φ)
z = r cos(θ)
By substituting the constraints and equations into the parametric representation, we get:
0 ≤ φ ≤ π
0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
0 ≤ r ≤ 12
In summary, the parametric representation for the surface of the sphere x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 144 that lies between the planes z = 0 and z = 63 is given by the equations:
x = r sin(θ) cos(φ)
y = r sin(θ) sin(φ)
z = r cos(θ)
where r ranges from 0 to 12, θ ranges from 0 to 2π, and φ ranges from 0 to π. These equations define the surface and allow us to generate points on it by varying the parameters r, θ, and φ within their specified ranges.
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Question 5 < > Compt 3 Details Given L = 3 [(*+( 0 - 1)(a +48 - 1) 4+ ( 72 sin express the limit of L, as no as a definite integral; that is, provide a, b and f(x) in the expression fizdz. a = b = f(x
we have the definite integral representation of L with the given values of a, b, and f(x): L = ∫[0, 1] (x^4 + (72 sin(x))^2) dz
To express the limit L as a definite integral, we can represent it as follows:
L = ∫[a, b] f(x) dz
Given that a = 0, b = 1, and f(x) = (x^4 + (72 sin(x))^2, we can substitute these values into the expression to obtain the definite integral representation of L:
L = ∫[0, 1] (x^4 + (72 sin(x))^2) dz
Please note that the original question specified "fizdz" as the expression, but it seems to be a typo. The correct expression is "f(x) dz".
Now, we have the definite integral representation of L with the given values of a, b, and f(x):
L = ∫[0, 1] (x^4 + (72 sin(x))^2) dz
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Find the line integral of the vector field Ğ = (yeªy + cos(x + y))i + (xeªy + cos(x + y))} along the curve C from the origin along the x-axis to the point (6,0) and then counterclockwise around the circumference of the 6 circle x² + y² = 36 to the point ( (22).
The line integral of the vector field Ğ along the given curve C is computed in two parts. Firstly, along the x-axis from the origin to (6,0), and secondly, counterclockwise around the circumference of the circle x² + y² = 36 to (6,0).
The line integral along the x-axis involves evaluating the vector field Ğ along the curve C, which simplifies to integrating the functions ye^y + cos(x + y) and xe^y + cos(x + y) with respect to x. The result of this integration is the contribution from the x-axis segment.
For the counterclockwise path around the circle, parametrize the curve using x = 6 + 6cos(t) and y = 6sin(t), where t ranges from 0 to 2π. Substituting these values into the vector field Ğ and integrating the resulting functions with respect to t gives the contribution from the circular path. Summing the contributions from both segments yields the final line integral.
The explanation of the answer involves evaluating the line integral along the x-axis and the circular path separately. Along the x-axis segment, we need to calculate the line integral of the vector field Ğ = (ye^y + cos(x + y))i + (xe^y + cos(x + y))j with respect to x, from the origin to (6,0). This involves integrating the functions ye^y + cos(x + y) and xe^y + cos(x + y) with respect to x, while keeping y constant at 0. The result of this integration provides the contribution from the x-axis segment.
For the counterclockwise path around the circle x² + y² = 36, we can parametrize the curve using x = 6 + 6cos(t) and y = 6sin(t), where t ranges from 0 to 2π. Substituting these values into the vector field Ğ, we obtain expressions for the x and y components in terms of t. Integrating these expressions with respect to t, while considering the range of t, gives the contribution from the circular path.
To find the total line integral, we add the contributions from both segments together. This yields the final answer for the line integral of the vector field Ğ along the curve C from the origin along the x-axis to the point (6,0), and then counterclockwise around the circumference of the circle x² + y² = 36 to the point (2,2). The detailed calculations will provide the exact numerical value of the line integral.
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Need solution for 7,9,11
7. RS for points R(5, 6, 12) and S(8, 13,6) 8. PQ for points P6, 8, 14) and Q(10, 16,9) 9. BA for points A(9, 13, -4) and B(3, 6, -10) 10. DC for points C(2,9, 0) and D(1, 4, 8) 11. Tree House Problem
(7) the distance RS is approximately 9.695.
(8) the distance PQ is approximately 10.247.
(9) the distance BA is 11.
What is the distance?
Distance refers to the amount of space between two objects or points. It is a measure of the length of the path traveled by an object or a person from one point to another. The most common units of distance are meters, kilometers, feet, miles, and yards.
7. To find the distance RS between points R(5, 6, 12) and S(8, 13, 6), we can use the distance formula in three-dimensional space:
RS = √((x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)² + (z2 - z1)²)
= √((8 - 5)² + (13 - 6)² + (6 - 12)²)
= √(3² + 7² + (-6)²)
= √(9 + 49 + 36)
= √94
≈ 9.695
Therefore, the distance RS is approximately 9.695.
8. To find the distance PQ between points P(6, 8, 14) and Q(10, 16, 9), we use the distance formula:
PQ = √((x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)² + (z2 - z1)²)
= √((10 - 6)² + (16 - 8)² + (9 - 14)²)
= √(4² + 8² + (-5)²)
= √(16 + 64 + 25)
= √105
≈ 10.247
Therefore, the distance PQ is approximately 10.247.
9. To find the distance BA between points A(9, 13, -4) and B(3, 6, -10), we use the distance formula:
BA = √((x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)² + (z2 - z1)²)
= √((3 - 9)² + (6 - 13)² + (-10 - (-4))²)
= √((-6)² + (-7)² + (-6)²)
= √(36 + 49 + 36)
= √121
= 11
Therefore, the distance BA is 11.
Hence, (7) the distance RS is approximately 9.695.
(8) the distance PQ is approximately 10.247.
(9) the distance BA is 11.
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write an expression!!
The area of the shaded region in terms of 'x' would be (25-[tex]x^{2}[/tex]) square inches.
Area of a square = [tex]side^{2}[/tex] square units
Side of the larger square = 5 inches
Area of the larger square = 5×5 square inches
= 25 square inches
Side of smaller square = 'x' inches
Area of the smaller square = 'x'×'x' square inches
= [tex]x^{2}[/tex] square inches
Area of shaded region = Area of the larger square - Area of the white square
= 25 - [tex]x^{2}[/tex] square inches
∴ The expression for the area of the shaded region as given in the figure is (25-[tex]x^{2}[/tex]) square inches
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Solve the problem by applying the Fundamental Counting Principle with two groups of items. A person can order a new car with a choice of 7 possible colors, with or without air conditioning, with or without heated seats, with or without anti-lock brakes, with or without power windows, and with or without a CD player. In how many different ways can a new car be ordered in terms of these options? 448 14 224 112
A new car can be ordered in 448 different ways.
To determine the number of different ways a new car can be ordered in terms of these options, we need to multiply the number of choices for each option together.
There are 7 possible colors, 2 choices for air conditioning (with or without), 2 choices for heated seats, 2 choices for anti-lock brakes, 2 choices for power windows, and 2 choices for a CD player.
By applying the Fundamental Counting Principle, we multiply these numbers together:
7 colors × 2 air conditioning choices × 2 heated seats choices × 2 anti-lock brakes choices × 2 power windows choices × 2 CD player choices
7 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 448
Therefore, a new car can be ordered in 448 different ways in terms of these options.
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2x Consider the rational expression 3x² + 10x +3 A B 1. Write out the form of the partial fraction expression, i.e. factor 1 factor 2 2. Clear the resulting equation of fractions, then use the "wipeout" method to find A and B. 3. Now, write out the complete partial fraction decomposition. +
The partial fraction expression for the given rational expression is:
[tex]\frac{2x}{3x^2 + 10x + 3} = \frac{A}{factor 1} + \frac{B}{factor 2}[/tex]. The resulting equation of fractions A is -6 = -9A - 8B and for B it is -2/3 = 26/9A - 2/3B. The complete partial fraction decomposition is: [tex]\frac{2x}{3x^2 + 10x + 3} = \frac{A}{factor 1} + \frac{B}{factor 2}[/tex].
The partial fraction expression for the given rational expression is:
[tex]\frac{2x}{3x^2 + 10x + 3} = \frac{A}{factor 1} + \frac{B}{factor 2}[/tex].
Here, "factor 1" and "factor 2" represent the irreducible quadratic factors in the denominator, which can be found by factoring the quadratic equation 3x² + 10x + 3
To find the values of A and B, we clear the equation of fractions by multiplying both sides by the common denominator, which is (factor₁)(factor₂) = (3x + 1)(x + 3):
2x = A(x + 3) + B(3x + 1)
Now, we can use the "wipeout" method to find the values of A and B.
For factor₁:
Setting x = -3, we get:
2(-3) = A(-3 + 3) + B(3(-3) + 1)
-6 = -9A - 8B
For factor₂:
Setting x = -1/3, we get:
2(-1/3) = A(-1/3 + 3) + B(3(-1/3) + 1)
-2/3 = 26/9A - 2/3B
Solving the system of equations formed by the two equations above, we can find the values of A and B.
After solving the system of linear equations, we obtain the values of A and B. The complete partial fraction decomposition is:
[tex]\frac{2x}{3x^2 + 10x + 3} = \frac{A}{factor 1} + \frac{B}{factor 2}[/tex].
Substituting the values of A and B that we obtained, we can express the given rational expression as a sum of the partial fractions.
In conclusion, Partial fraction decomposition simplifies complex rational expressions and allows them to be expressed as a sum of simpler fractions.
By using the "wipeout" method, the values of unknowns A and B can be determined, leading to the complete partial fraction decomposition. This technique is useful for the integration of rational functions.
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Complete Question:
Consider the rational expression [tex]\frac{2x}{3x^2 + 10x +3}[/tex]
1. Write out the form of the partial fraction expression, i.e. [tex]\frac{A}{factor 1}[/tex] + [tex]\frac{B}{factor 2}[/tex]
2. Clear the resulting equation of fractions, then use the "wipeout" method to find A and B.
3. Now, write out the complete partial fraction decomposition.
a) Take the derivative of the function: y = ln(x/26 - 2) f 1 [x W x6 - 2 x x d dy x 6-2 b) Evaluate the indefinite integral: x + 3 dx x2 + 6x + 7
a) The derivative of y = ln(x/26 - 2) is 1/(x - 52).
b) The indefinite integral of (x + 3)/(x^2 + 6x + 7) is (1/6)ln|x + 1| + (5/6)ln|x + 7| + C.
a) To find the derivative of the function y = ln(x/26 - 2), we can use the chain rule. Let's go step by step:
Let u = x/26 - 2
Applying the chain rule, we have:
dy/dx = (dy/du) * (du/dx)
To find (dy/du), we differentiate ln(u) with respect to u:
(dy/du) = 1/u
To find (du/dx), we differentiate u = x/26 - 2 with respect to x:
(du/dx) = 1/26
Now, we can combine these results:
dy/dx = (dy/du) * (du/dx)
= (1/u) * (1/26)
= 1/(26u)
Substituting u = x/26 - 2 back into the equation:
dy/dx = 1/(26(x/26 - 2))
Simplifying further:
dy/dx = 1/(26x/26 - 52)
= 1/(x - 52)
Therefore, the derivative of y = ln(x/26 - 2) is dy/dx = 1/(x - 52).
b) To evaluate the indefinite integral of (x + 3)/(x^2 + 6x + 7), we can use the method of partial fractions.
First, we need to factorize the denominator (x^2 + 6x + 7). It can be factored as (x + 1)(x + 7).
Now, let's write the expression in partial fraction form:
(x + 3)/(x^2 + 6x + 7) = A/(x + 1) + B/(x + 7)
To find the values of A and B, we need to solve for them. Multiplying both sides by (x + 1)(x + 7) gives us:
(x + 3) = A(x + 7) + B(x + 1)
Expanding the right side:
x + 3 = Ax + 7A + Bx + B
Comparing the coefficients of like terms on both sides, we get the following system of equations:
A + B = 1 (coefficient of x)
7A + B = 3 (constant term)
Solving this system of equations, we find A = 1/6 and B = 5/6.
Now, we can rewrite the original integral as:
∫[(x + 3)/(x^2 + 6x + 7)] dx = ∫[A/(x + 1) + B/(x + 7)] dx
= ∫(1/6)/(x + 1) dx + ∫(5/6)/(x + 7) dx
Integrating each term separately:
= (1/6)ln|x + 1| + (5/6)ln|x + 7| + C
Therefore, the indefinite integral of (x + 3)/(x^2 + 6x + 7) is:
∫[(x + 3)/(x^2 + 6x + 7)] dx = (1/6)ln|x + 1| + (5/6)ln|x + 7| + C, where C is the constant of integration.
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joan has just moved into a new apartment and wants to purchase a new couch. To determine if there is a difference between the average prices of couches at two different stores, she collects the following data. Test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the average price. Store 1, x1=$650, standard deviation= $43, n1=42, Store 2, x2=$680, standard deviation $52, n2=45.
We can use statistical software or a t-distribution table to determine the p-value. Whether or not we reject the null hypothesis depends on the p-value attached to the derived test statistic.
To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the average price of couches between the two stores, we can conduct a two-sample t-test.
Let's define the null hypothesis (H0) as there is no difference in the average prices of couches between the two stores. The alternative hypothesis (H1) would then be that there is a difference.
H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0 (There is no difference in the average prices)
H1: μ1 - μ2 ≠ 0 (There is a difference in the average prices)
We will use the formula for the two-sample t-test, which takes into account the sample means, sample standard deviations, and sample sizes of both stores.
The test statistic (t) is calculated as follows:
t = (x1 - x2) / √[(s1²/n1) + (s2²/n2)]
Where x1 and x2 are the sample means, s1 and s2 are the sample standard deviations, and n1 and n2 are the sample sizes.
Substituting the given values into the formula:
x1 = $650, s1 = $43, n1 = 42
x2 = $680, s2 = $52, n2 = 45
Calculating the test statistic:
t = ($650 - $680) / √[($43²/42) + ($52²/45)]
Calculating the numerator and denominator separately:
Numerator: ($650 - $680) = -$30
Denominator: √[($43²/42) + ($52²/45)]
Using a calculator or software, we can calculate the value of the test statistic as:
t ≈ -1.305
Next, we need to determine the critical value or p-value to make a decision about the null hypothesis. The critical value depends on the desired level of significance (e.g., α = 0.05).
If the p-value is less than the chosen level of significance (0.05), we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant difference in the average prices of couches between the two stores. If the p-value is greater than the chosen level of significance, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
To obtain the p-value, we can consult a t-distribution table or use statistical software. The p-value associated with the calculated test statistic can determine whether we reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
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Each unit of a product can be made on either machine A or machine B. The nature of the machines makes their cost functions differ. x² Machine A: C(x) = 10+ 6 13 Machine B: cly) = 160+ Total cost is given by C(x,y) =C(x) + C(y). How many units should be made on each machine in order to minimize total costs if x+y=12,210 units are required? The minimum total cost is achieved when units are produced on machine A and units are produced on machine B.
To minimize the total cost and produce 12,210 units, approximately ¼ unit should be made on machine A and approximately 12,209.75 units should be made on machine B.
To minimize the total cost, we need to determine the number of units that should be made on each machine, given the cost functions and the total units required. Let’s denote the number of units made on machine A as x and on machine B as y.
The cost function for machine A is C(x) = 10x + 6x², and for machine B, it is C(y) = 160 + 13y. The total cost is given by C(x, y) = C(x) + C(y).
Since the total units required are 12,210 units, we have the constraint x + y = 12,210.
To minimize the total cost, we can use the method of optimization. We need to find the values of x and y that satisfy the constraint and minimize the total cost function C(x, y).
We can rewrite the total cost function as:
C(x, y) = 10x + 6x² + 160 + 13y.
Using the constraint x + y = 12,210, we can express y in terms of x: y = 12,210 – x.
Substituting this into the total cost function, we have:
C(x) = 10x + 6x² + 160 + 13(12,210 – x).
Simplifying the expression, we get:
C(x) = 6x² - 3x + 159,110.
To minimize the cost, we take the derivative of C(x) with respect to x and set it equal to zero:
C’(x) = 12x – 3 = 0.
Solving for x, we find x = ¼.
Substituting this value back into the constraint, we have:
Y = 12,210 – (1/4) = 12,209.75.
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get the exact solution of the following polynomial: y' = 3+t-y notices that y(0)=1.
The given differential equation is y' = 3 + t - y, with the initial condition y(0) = 1. To find the exact solution, we can solve the differential equation by separating variables and then integrating.
Rearranging the equation, we have:
dy/dt + y = 3 + t.
We can rewrite this as:
dy + y dt = (3 + t) dt.
Next, we integrate both sides:
∫(dy + y dt) = ∫(3 + t) dt.
Integrating, we get:
y + 0.5y^2 = 3t + 0.5t^2 + C,
where C is the constant of integration.
Now, we can apply the initial condition y(0) = 1. Substituting t = 0 and y = 1 into the equation, we have:
1 + 0.5(1)^2 = 3(0) + 0.5(0)^2 + C,
1 + 0.5 = C,
C = 1.5.
Substituting this value back into the equation, we obtain:
y + 0.5y^2 = 3t + 0.5t^2 + 1.5.
This is the exact solution to the given differential equation with the initial condition y(0) = 1.
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Please answer all part in full. I will leave a like only if it
is done fully
Write the correct formula for each derivative. d (sin x) dx (b) ár (cos x) b) -( dx (c) Home (tan x) (csc) dx x (e) d (sec x) dx non se (f) (cot x) () Find the equation of the tangent line to the cur
The correct formulas for the derivatives are: (a) d(sin x)/dx = cos x, (b) d(cos x)/dx = -sin x, (c) d(tan x)/dx = sec² x, (d) d(csc x)/dx = -csc x cot x, (e) d(sec x)/dx = sec x tan x, (f) d(cot x)/dx = -csc² x.
The derivative of a function measures its rate of change with respect to the independent variable.
For (a) the derivative of sin x, d(sin x)/dx, is cos x, as the derivative of sin x is the cosine function. (b) The derivative of cos x, d(cos x)/dx, is -sin x, as the derivative of cos x is the negative sine function. (c) The derivative of tan x, d(tan x)/dx, is sec² x, as the derivative of tan x is equal to the square of the secant function. Similarly, (d) d(csc x)/dx = -csc x cot x, (e) d(sec x)/dx = sec x tan x, and (f) d(cot x)/dx = -csc² x.
These derivative formulas can be derived using various differentiation rules and trigonometric identities.
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Solve by system of equation: Angel has 20 nickels and dimes. If the value of his coins are $1.85, how many of each coin does he have?
Let x represent the number of nickels and y represent the number of dimes that Angel possesses.
Equation 1: There are exactly 20 nickels and dimes in circulation Equation 2: The total value of the coins is $1.85; 0.05x + 0.1y = 1.85
Eq. 1 for x must be solved:
x = 20 - y
Add x to equation 2, then figure out y:
0.05(20 - y) + 0.1y = 1.85 1 - 0.05y + 0.1y = 1.85 0.05y = 0.85 y = 17
To find x, substitute y into equation 1:
x + 17 = 20 x = 3
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14. Let f(x) = x3 + 6x2 – 15% - 10. = – Explain the following briefly. (1) Find the intervals of increase/decrease of the function. (2) Find the local maximum and minimum points. (3) Find the inte
(1) The intervals of increase/decrease is between critical points x = 1 and x = -5.
(2) The local maximum and minimum points are 50 and -18.
To analyze the function f(x) = x^3 + 6x^2 - 15x - 10, we can follow these steps:
(1) Finding the Intervals of Increase/Decrease:
To determine the intervals of increase and decrease, we need to find the critical points by setting the derivative equal to zero and solving for x:
f'(x) = 3x^2 + 12x - 15
Setting f'(x) = 0:
3x^2 + 12x - 15 = 0
This quadratic equation can be factored as:
(3x - 3)(x + 5) = 0
So, the critical points are x = 1 and x = -5.
We can test the intervals created by these critical points using the first derivative test or by constructing a sign chart for f'(x). Evaluating f'(x) at test points in each interval, we can determine the sign of f'(x) and identify the intervals of increase and decrease.
(2) Finding the Local Maximum and Minimum Points:
To find the local maximum and minimum points, we need to examine the critical points and the endpoints of the given interval.
To evaluate f(x) at the critical points, we substitute them into the original function:
f(1) = 1^3 + 6(1)^2 - 15(1) - 10 = -18
f(-5) = (-5)^3 + 6(-5)^2 - 15(-5) - 10 = 50
We also evaluate f(x) at the endpoints of the given interval, if provided.
(3) Finding the Integral:
To find the integral of the function, we need to specify the interval of integration. Without a specified interval, we cannot determine the definite integral. However, we can find the indefinite integral by finding the antiderivative of the function:
∫ (x^3 + 6x^2 - 15x - 10) dx
Taking the antiderivative term by term:
∫ x^3 dx + ∫ 6x^2 dx - ∫ 15x dx - ∫ 10 dx
= (1/4)x^4 + 2x^3 - (15/2)x^2 - 10x + C
Where C is the constant of integration.
So, the integral of the function f(x) is (1/4)x^4 + 2x^3 - (15/2)x^2 - 10x + C, where C is the constant of integration.
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1. Evaluate ((2x + y2) dx + 2xy dy), where C' is the line segment from (1,0) to (3, 2) lo () in two different ways: (a) Directly as a line integral (parameterise C). (b) By using the Fundamental Theor
(a) Directly as a line integral: Evaluate ((2x + y^2) dx + 2xy dy) by parameterizing the line segment from (1,0) to (3,2).
(b) By using the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals: Find a potential function F(x, y) such that ∇F = (2x + y^2, 2xy), and evaluate F at the endpoints of the line segment. Subtract the values of F to obtain the line integral.
In order to evaluate the line integral directly, we need to parameterize the line segment from (1,0) to (3,2). We can do this by defining a parameter t that varies from 0 to 1, and expressing the x and y coordinates in terms of t. Let's call the parameterized function as r(t) = (x(t), y(t)).
For this line segment, we can choose x(t) = 1 + 2t and y(t) = 2t. Now, we can calculate the differentials dx and dy as dx = x'(t) dt and dy = y'(t) dt, where x'(t) and y'(t) denote the derivatives of x(t) and y(t) with respect to t.
Substituting these values into the given expression ((2x + y^2) dx + 2xy dy), we get:
[tex]((2(1 + 2t) + (2t)^2) (1 + 2t) dt + 2(1 + 2t)(2t) dt).[/tex]
Now we can integrate this expression with respect to t, from t = 0 to t = 1, to find the value of the line integral.
On the other hand, we can also evaluate the line integral by using the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals. According to this theorem, if there exists a potential function F(x, y) such that its gradient ∇F is equal to the given vector field (2x + y^2, 2xy), then the line integral over any curve C that starts at point A and ends at point B is equal to the difference of the potential function evaluated at B and A, i.e., F(B) - F(A).
Therefore, in order to apply this theorem, we need to find a potential function F(x, y) such that ∇F = (2x + y^2, 2xy). By integrating the first component with respect to x and the second component with respect to y, we can determine F. once we have the potential function F, we evaluate it at the endpoints of the line segment (1,0) and (3,2), and subtract the values to obtain the line integral. both methods should yield the same result for the line integral.
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The population of an aquatic species in a certain body of water is 40,000 approximated by the logistic function G(t) = - 1+10e-0.66t where t is measured in years. Calculate the growth rate after 7 yea
The growth rate of the aquatic species after 7 years is approximately 4.42 individuals per year.
The given population model is a logistic function represented by G(t) = -1 + 10e^(-0.66t), where t is the number of years. To calculate the growth rate after 7 years, we need to find the derivative of the population function with respect to time (t).
Taking the derivative of G(t) gives us:
dG/dt = -10(0.66)e^(-0.66t)
To calculate the growth rate after 7 years, we substitute t = 7 into the derivative equation:
dG/dt = -10(0.66)e^(-0.66 * 7)
Calculating the value yields:
dG/dt ≈ -10(0.66)e^(-4.62) ≈ -10(0.66)(0.0094) ≈ -0.062
The negative sign indicates a decreasing population growth rate. The absolute value of the growth rate is approximately 0.062 individuals per year. Therefore, after 7 years, the growth rate of the aquatic species is approximately 0.062 individuals per year, or approximately 4.42 individuals per year when rounded to two decimal places.
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help please!
The rate constant k for a certain reaction is measured at two different temperatures: Temperature k -30°C 2.8 x 105 +65 K 3.2 x 103 Assuming the E. rate constant obeys the Arrhenius equation, calcula
The rate constant k for a certain reaction is measured at two different temperatures: Temperature k -30°C 2.8 x 105 +65 K 3.2 x 103 Assuming the E. rate constant obeys the Arrhenius equation, the activation power (Ea) for the response is about 41,000 J/mol.
To calculate the activation power (Ea) using the Arrhenius equation, we need the charge constants (k) at two different temperatures and the corresponding temperatures (in Kelvin).
The Arrhenius equation is given by using:
k = A * exp(-Ea / (R * T))
Where:
k is the rate of regular
A is the pre-exponential component
Ea is the activation power
R is the gasoline consistent (8.314 J/(mol*K))
T is the temperature in KelvinGiven:
Temperature 1 (T1) = -30°C = 243.15 K
[tex]k1 = 2. x 10^85[/tex]
Temperature 2 (T2) = 65°C = 338.15 K
[tex]k2 = 3.2 x 10^3[/tex]
We can use these values to calculate the activation power (Ea).
First, allow's discover the ratio of the price constants:
k1 / k2 = (A * exp(-Ea / (R * T1))) / (A * exp(-Ea / (R * T2)))
Canceling out the pre-exponential issue (A), we've got:
k1 / k2 = exp((-Ea / (R * T1)) + (Ea / (R * T2)))
Taking the natural logarithm of both aspects:
[tex]㏒(k1 / k2) = (-Ea / (R * T1)) + (Ea / (R * T2))[/tex]
Rearranging the equation to resolve for Ea:
[tex]㏒(k1 / k2) = Ea / R * (1 / T2 - 1 / T1)[/tex]
[tex]Ea = R * ㏒(k1 / k2) / (1 / T2 - 1 / T1)[/tex]
Now, substitute the given values into the equation:
[tex]Ea = 8.314 * ㏒(2.8 x 10^5 / 3.2 x 10^3) / (1 / 338.15 - 1 / 243.15)[/tex]
Ea ≈ 41,000 J/mol
Therefore, the response's activation power (Ea) is about 41,000 J/mol.
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The correct question is:
"The rate constant k for a certain reaction is measured at two different temperatures: Temperature k -30°C 2.8 x 105 +65 K 3.2 x 103 Assuming the E. rate constant obeys the Arrhenius equation, calculate Ea"
The congruence x2 ≅1 (mod p) has a solution if and only if p =
2
or p≅1 (mod4).
we can say that the congruence `x² ≅ 1 (mod p)` has a solution if and only if `p = 2` or `p ≅ 1 (mod 4)`. Hence, the solution is p = 2 or p ≅ 1 (mod 4).
The given congruence `x² ≅ 1 (mod p)` has a solution if and only if `p = 2` or `p ≅ 1 (mod 4)`.
A solution is a value or set of values that can be substituted into an equation to make it true.
For example, the solution to the equation `x² - 3x + 2 = 0` is `x = 1` or `x = 2`.
Solution for the given congruence: The given congruence is `x² ≅ 1 (mod p)`.
We need to find the value of `p` for which the congruence has a solution.
Now, if the congruence `x² ≅ 1 (mod p)` has a solution, then we can say that `x ≅ ±1 (mod p)` because `1² ≅ 1 (mod p)` and `(-1)² ≅ 1 (mod p)`.
This implies that `p` must divide the difference of `x - 1` and `x + 1` i.e., `(x - 1)(x + 1) ≅ 0 (mod p)`.
This gives us two cases:
Case 1: `p` divides `(x - 1)(x + 1)` i.e., either `p` divides `(x - 1)` or `p` divides `(x + 1)`. In either case, we get `x ≅ ±1 (mod p)`.
Case 2: `p` does not divide `(x - 1)` or `(x + 1)` i.e., `p` and `x - 1` are coprime and `p` and `x + 1` are coprime as well.
Therefore, we can say that `p` divides `(x - 1)(x + 1)` only if `p` divides `(x - 1)` or `(x + 1)` but not both.
Now, `(x - 1)(x + 1) ≅ 0 (mod p)` implies that either `(x - 1) ≅ 0 (mod p)` or `(x + 1) ≅ 0 (mod p)`.
Therefore, we get two cases as follows:
Case A: `(x - 1) ≅ 0 (mod p)` implies that `x ≅ 1 (mod p)` and `x ≅ -1 (mod p)`.
Case B: `(x + 1) ≅ 0 (mod p)` implies that `x ≅ -1 (mod p)` and `x ≅ 1 (mod p)`.
Thus, we can conclude that if the congruence `x² ≅ 1 (mod p)` has a solution, then either `x ≅ 1 (mod p)` and `x ≅ -1 (mod p)`, or `x ≅ -1 (mod p)` and `x ≅ 1 (mod p)`.
Therefore, we can say that `p` must be such that it divides `(x - 1)(x + 1)` but not both `(x - 1)` and `(x + 1)` simultaneously. Hence, we get the following two cases:
Case 1: If `p = 2`, then `(x - 1)(x + 1)` is always divisible by `p`.
Therefore, `x ≅ ±1 (mod p)` for all `x`.
Case 2: If `p ≅ 1 (mod 4)`, then `(x - 1)` and `(x + 1)` are not both divisible by `p`.
Hence, `p` must divide `(x - 1)(x + 1)` for all `x`.
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Find the vector components of x along a and orthogonal to a. 5. x=(1, 1, 1), a = (0,2, -1)
The vector components of x along a are (1/3, 2/3, -1/3), and the vector components orthogonal to a are (2/3, -1/3, 2/3).
To find the vector components of x along a, we can use the formula for projecting x onto a. The component of x along a is given by the dot product of x and the unit vector of a, multiplied by the unit vector of a. Using the given values, we calculate the dot product of x and a as (10 + 12 + 1*(-1)) = 1. The length of a is √(0^2 + 2^2 + (-1)^2) = √5.
Therefore, the vector component of x along a is (1/√5)*(0, 2, -1) = (0, 2/√5, -1/√5) ≈ (0, 0.894, -0.447).
To find the vector components orthogonal to a, we subtract the vector components of x along a from x. Hence, (1, 1, 1) - (0, 0.894, -0.447) = (1, 0.106, 1.447) ≈ (1, 0.106, 1.447). Thus, the vector components of x orthogonal to a are (2/3, -1/3, 2/3).
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3. Given the 2-D vector field: (a) 6(xy) = (-y) + (2x) Describe and sketch the vector field along both coordinate axes and along the diagonal lines y = tx. 2 (b) Compute the work done by G(x, y) along
(a) The 2-D vector field is given by G(x, y) = ⟨-y + 2x, 6xy⟩. Along the x-axis, the vector field has a constant y-component of 0 and a varying x-component.
Along the y-axis, the vector field has a constant x-component of 0 and a varying y-component. Along the diagonal lines y = tx, the vector field's components depend on both x and y, resulting in varying vectors along the lines. To sketch the vector field, we can plot representative vectors at different points along the axes and diagonal lines. Along the x-axis, the vectors will point in the positive x-direction. Along the y-axis, the vectors will point in the positive y-direction. Along the diagonal lines, the direction of the vectors will depend on the slope t. (b) To compute the work done by G(x, y) along a given curve, we need the parametric equations for the curve. Without specifying the curve, it is not possible to compute the work done. The work done by a vector field along a curve is calculated by evaluating the line integral of the dot product between the vector field and the tangent vector of the curve.
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33,37,&38.... Please and thank you!!
33-40. Areas of regions Make a sketch of the region and its bounding curves. Find the area of the region. 33. The region inside the curve r = Vcos ( 34. The region inside the right lobe of r = Vcos 20
The region inside the curve r = √cos(θ) can be visualized as a petal-like shape. To find the area of this region, we need to evaluate the integral ∫[a,b] 1/2 r^2 dθ.
To find the area of the region inside the curve r = √cos(θ), we need to evaluate the integral ∫[a,b] 1/2 r^2 dθ. We can sketch the region by plotting points for different values of θ and connecting them to form the petal-like shape. Then, by evaluating the integral over the appropriate interval [a,b], we can find the area of the region.
The region inside the right lobe of r = √cos(2θ) can be visualized as a heart-shaped region. We can divide it into two symmetrical parts and integrate each part separately. By evaluating the integral ∫[a,b] 1/2 r^2 dθ for each part, where [a,b] represents the appropriate interval, we can calculate the area of the region.
The region inside the loop of r = 2 - 2sin(θ) can be represented as a cardioid. Similar to problem 33, we can find the area of this region by evaluating the integral ∫[a,b] 1/2 r^2 dθ over the appropriate interval [a,b]. By sketching the cardioid and determining the interval of integration, we can calculate the area of the region.
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5. (-/1 Points] DETAILS MY Verify that the points are the vertices of a parallelogram, and find its area. A(1, 1, 3), B(-7, -1,6), C(-5, 2, -1), D(3,4,-4) Need Help? Read It Watch It 6. [-11 Points] D
The given points A(1, 1, 3), B(-7, -1, 6), C(-5, 2, -1), and D(3, 4, -4) form the vertices of a parallelogram. The area of the parallelogram can be calculated using the cross product of two of its sides.
To determine if the given points form a parallelogram, we need to check if opposite sides are parallel. We can find the vectors representing the sides of the parallelogram using the coordinates of the points.
Vector AB = B - A = (-7 - 1, -1 - 1, 6 - 3) = (-8, -2, 3)
Vector DC = C - D = (-5 - 3, 2 - 4, -1 - (-4)) = (-8, -2, 3)
The vectors AB and DC have the same direction, indicating that opposite sides AB and DC are parallel. Similarly, we can calculate the vectors representing the other pair of sides.
Vector BC = C - B = (-5 - (-7), 2 - (-1), -1 - 6) = (2, 3, -7)
Vector AD = D - A = (3 - 1, 4 - 1, -4 - 3) = (2, 3, -7)
Again, the vectors BC and AD have the same direction, confirming that the opposite sides BC and AD are parallel. Therefore, the given points A, B, C, and D form the vertices of a parallelogram.
To find the area of the parallelogram, we can calculate the magnitude of the cross product of vectors AB and AD (or BC and DC) since the magnitude of the cross product represents the area of the parallelogram.
Cross product AB x AD = |AB| * |AD| * sin(theta)
where |AB| and |AD| are the magnitudes of vectors AB and AD, respectively, and theta is the angle between them. However, since AB and AD have the same direction, the angle between them is 0 degrees or 180 degrees, and sin(theta) becomes zero.
Therefore, the area of the parallelogram formed by the given points is zero.
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(8.14) In 2010, a Quinnipiac University Poll and a CNN Poll each asked a nationwide sample about their views on openly gay men and women serving in the military. Here are the two questions:
Question A: Federal law currently prohibits openly gay men and women from serving in the military. Do you think this law should be repealed or not?
Question B: Do you think people who are openly gay or homosexual should or should not be allowed to serve in the U.S. military?
One of these questions had 78% responding "should," and the other question had only 57% responding "should." Which wording is slanted toward a more negative response on gays in the military?
a-- question a
b-- question b
c-both
Question B is slanted toward a more negative response on gays in the military for the given sample.
The answer to Question B, which asks if those who identify as openly gay or homosexual should be permitted to serve in the U.S. military, is biassed more against gays serving in the military. This can be inferred from the fact that less people answered "should" to this question than to Question A for the sample.
Because Question B's language specifically mentions being openly gay or homosexual, it may have an impact on how certain respondents feel and act. The inquiry may incite biases or preconceptions held by people who are less accepting of homosexuality because it specifically mentions sexual orientation. This phrase may serve to reinforce societal stigma and prejudices, resulting in a decline in the proportion of respondents who support the inclusion of openly gay people.
Question A, on the other hand, approaches the matter without specifically addressing sexual orientation. The article focuses on the current law that forbids openly gay men and women from joining the military and debates whether it ought to be repealed. The question is likely to elicit more support for the change by framing it in terms of abolishing an existing legislation, leading to a higher percentage of respondents selecting "should."
The conclusion that Question B is biased towards a more unfavourable answer on gays in the military than Question A may be drawn from the information provided.
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If x be a normal random variable with parameters μ = 3 and σ2 = 9, find (a) p(2 < x < 5); (b) p(x > 0); (c) p(|x-3|) >6).
The value of normal random variable is
a. p(2 < x < 5) ≈ 0.5478
b. p(x > 0) ≈ 0.8413
c. p(|x - 3| > 6) ≈ 0.0456
What is probability?Probability is a way to gauge how likely something is to happen. Many things are difficult to forecast with absolute confidence. Using it, we can only make predictions about the likelihood of an event happening, or how likely it is.
To solve these problems, we need to use the properties of the standard normal distribution since we are given the mean (μ = 3) and variance (σ² = 9) of the normal random variable x.
(a) To find p(2 < x < 5), we need to calculate the probability that x falls between 2 and 5. We can standardize the values using z-scores and then use the standard normal distribution table or a calculator to find the probabilities.
First, we calculate the z-score for 2:
z1 = (2 - μ) / σ = (2 - 3) / 3 = -1/3.
Next, we calculate the z-score for 5:
z2 = (5 - μ) / σ = (5 - 3) / 3 = 2/3.
Using the standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we find the corresponding probabilities:
p(-1/3 < z < 2/3) ≈ 0.5478.
Therefore, p(2 < x < 5) ≈ 0.5478.
(b) To find p(x > 0), we need to calculate the probability that x is greater than 0. We can directly calculate the z-score for 0 and find the corresponding probability.
The z-score for 0 is:
z = (0 - μ) / σ = (0 - 3) / 3 = -1.
Using the standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we find the corresponding probability:
p(z > -1) ≈ 0.8413.
Therefore, p(x > 0) ≈ 0.8413.
(c) To find p(|x - 3| > 6), we need to calculate the probability that the absolute difference between x and 3 is greater than 6. We can rephrase this as p(x < 3 - 6) or p(x > 3 + 6) and calculate the probabilities separately.
For x < -3:
z = (-3 - μ) / σ = (-3 - 3) / 3 = -2.
Using the standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we find the probability:
p(z < -2) ≈ 0.0228.
For x > 9:
z = (9 - μ) / σ = (9 - 3) / 3 = 2.
Using the standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we find the probability:
p(z > 2) ≈ 0.0228.
Since we are considering the tail probabilities, we need to account for both sides:
p(|x - 3| > 6) = p(x < -3 or x > 9) = p(x < -3) + p(x > 9) = 0.0228 + 0.0228 = 0.0456.
Therefore, p(|x - 3| > 6) ≈ 0.0456.
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9. The vectors a and b have lengths 2 and 1, respectively. The vectors a +5b and 2a - 36 are Vectors a perpendicular. Determine the angle between a and b.
The angle between vectors a and b is 90 degrees or pi/2 radians.
To determine the angle between vectors a and b, we can use the dot product formula:
a · b = |a| |b| cos(theta),
where a · b is the dot product of vectors a and b, |a| and |b| are the lengths of vectors a and b, and theta is the angle between the two vectors.
Given that the lengths of vectors a and b are 2 and 1, respectively, we have:
|a| = 2 and |b| = 1.
We are also given two other vectors, a + 5b and 2a - 36, and we know that vector a is perpendicular to one of these vectors.
Let's check the dot product of a and a + 5b:
(a · (a + 5b)) = |a| |a + 5b| cos(theta).
Since a is perpendicular to one of the vectors, the dot product should be zero:
0 = 2 |a + 5b| cos(theta).
Simplifying, we have:
|a + 5b| cos(theta) = 0.
Since the length |a + 5b| is a positive value, the only way for the equation to hold is if cos(theta) = 0.
The angle theta between vectors a and b is such that cos(theta) = 0, which occurs at 90 degrees or pi/2 radians.
Therefore, the angle between vectors a and b is 90 degrees or pi/2 radians.
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