The efficiency of the column is approximately 54,725 theoretical plates per column length, and the plate height is approximately 2.74 μm.
The efficiency of a column in High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is measured by the number of theoretical plates per column length (N), which is a measure of the column's ability to separate components.
The plate height (H) is the length of the column required to form one theoretical plate.
To estimate the efficiency of the column and the plate height, we can use the following equation:
N = 16 * [tex](tR / w)^{2}[/tex]
where N is the number of theoretical plates, tR is the retention time of the compound, w is the peak width at half-height, and 16 is a constant that depends on the shape of the peak.
First, we need to calculate the peak width at half-height (w). We can estimate the peak width by subtracting the retention times of the two compounds and dividing by 4:
w = (4.86 - 4.65) / 4 = 0.0525 min
Next, we can use the equation above to calculate the number of theoretical plates for each compound:
N_A = 16 * [tex](4.65 / 0.0525)^{2}[/tex] = 50,450
N_B = 16 * [tex](4.86 / 0.0525)^{2}[/tex] = 59,000
We can then take the average of the two values to estimate the efficiency of the column:
N_avg = (N_A + N_B) / 2 = 54,725
Finally, we can use the following equation to calculate the plate height:
H = L / N_avg
where L is the column length. We are given that the column length is 15.0 cm:
H = 15.0 cm / 54,725 = 0.000274 cm = 2.74 μm
Therefore, the efficiency of the column is approximately 54,725 theoretical plates per column length, and the plate height is approximately 2.74 μm.
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(ANSWER THE FULL THING PLS OR I WILL REPORT, if you do answer it all, I will mark brainliest)
In a model experiment baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is combined with white vinegar (5% acetic acid) under the following circumstances:
Sodium bicarbonate + acetic acid → carbon dioxide + water + sodium acetate
NaHCO3 (s) + CH3COOH (l) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + NaCH3COO (aq)
1. What are the “reactants” in this reaction?
2. What “forms” are the reactants each in?
3. What are the “products” in this reaction?
4. What “forms” are each product in this reaction found in?
5. Is this equation balanced? Why or why not?
6. If I told you this reaction is “endothermic” and you touched the bottom of the catch tray after the reaction runs would it feel hot or cold? Why?
7. If I increase the amounts of both reactants would you expect the reaction to speed up or slow down? Why?
8. If I increase the amount of one reactant only, what would you expect to happen? Why?
9. How do I know that carbon dioxide is being produced? What is my “direct observation”?
10. If I went to the store and purchased apple cider vinegar which has a known concentration of 10% acetic acid and used it in place of white vinegar, what variable am I altering and what result would you expect?
11. If I tried this experiment with baking soda that had been open and in my refrigerator for two months and was still “cold” when I started the experiment, what results might we expect? Why?
12. If I was setting up my experiment and I carefully allow both the baking soda and vinegar to reach room temperature before I started my experiment - what part of an experimental design would I be affecting? Select one.
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Constant
d. Control
13. If I warmed my vinegar to a temperature of 85℉ from room temperature of 72℉, what result would you expect and why? Select one.
a. The reaction would proceed faster as you could see from more rapid foaming because there are more particle collisions between warmer reactants.
b. The reaction would proceed faster as you could see from more rapid foaming because there are fewer particle collisions between warmer reactants.
c. The reaction would proceed more slowly because there are more particle collisions between warmer reactants.
d. The reaction would not proceed because the activation energy wouldn’t be reached.
14. If I used laboratory grade acetic acid (100% concentration) describe how the following variables would change:
a. Concentration of reactants (independent variable) -
b. Formation of products (dependent variable) -
c. Rate of reaction (slope of the line) -
15. If this sample “unlabelled graph” were used from this experiment - how could we label each portion of the graph? What type of relationship do we see?
Answer:
The reactants in this reaction are sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and acetic acid (CH3COOH).
Sodium bicarbonate is in solid form (s) while acetic acid is in liquid form (l).
The products in this reaction are carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and sodium acetate (NaCH3COO).
Carbon dioxide is in gas form (g), water is in liquid form (l), and sodium acetate is in aqueous form (aq).
This equation is balanced because the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
If the reaction is endothermic and heat is absorbed, the bottom of the catch tray would feel cold because the heat is being absorbed from the surroundings.
If the amounts of both reactants are increased, the reaction would speed up because there are more reactant particles available to collide and react.
If the amount of one reactant is increased, the reaction rate would increase only up to a certain point, after which the rate would remain constant because the other reactant becomes limiting.
Carbon dioxide is being produced because bubbles of gas (CO2) are observed during the reaction.
By using apple cider vinegar with a known concentration of 10% acetic acid, the concentration of the acetic acid in the reaction is altered. This would result in a faster reaction because a higher concentration of reactants leads to more frequent collisions and a higher reaction rate.
If baking soda that has been open and in the refrigerator for two months is used, the reaction may not occur as efficiently as fresh baking soda because it may have absorbed moisture and become less reactive. This could result in a weaker reaction with less carbon dioxide produced.
The correct answer is c. Constant. By allowing both the baking soda and vinegar to reach room temperature before the experiment, you are controlling a constant variable in the experimental design.
The correct answer is a. The reaction would proceed faster as you could see from more rapid foaming because there are more particle collisions between warmer reactants.
a. If laboratory grade acetic acid (100% concentration) is used, the concentration of reactants (independent variable) would increase because the concentration of acetic acid would be higher.
b. The formation of products (dependent variable) would also increase because there would be more reactants available to react, leading to a higher yield of products.
c. The rate of reaction (slope of the line) would increase because a higher concentration of reactants leads to a higher reaction rate.
a mixture of 2.00 moles of h2, 3.0 moles of nh3 and 4.00 moles of co2 and 5.00 moles of n2 exerts a total pressure of 800 torr. what is the partial pressure of each gas?
The partial pressure of H in the mixture is 160 torr, 240 torr, 320 torr, and 400 torr, respectively.
The total pressure of the mixture is 800 torr. To calculate the partial pressure of each gas, you will need to use the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Since the total pressure is constant, the equation can be rearranged as follows:
P1 = (n1/ntotal) x Ptotal = (n1/ntotal) x 800 torr.
Using this formula, we can calculate the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture:
Partial pressure of H2 = (2.00 moles / (2.00 + 3.00 + 4.00 + 5.00)) x 800 torr = 160 torrPartial pressure of NH3 = (3.00 moles / (2.00 + 3.00 + 4.00 + 5.00)) x 800 torr = 240 torrPartial pressure of CO2 = (4.00 moles / (2.00 + 3.00 + 4.00 + 5.00)) x 800 torr = 320 torrPartial pressure of N2 = (5.00 moles / (2.00 + 3.00 + 4.00 + 5.00)) x 800 torr = 400 torr
Therefore, the partial pressure of H in the mixture is 160 torr, 240 torr, 320 torr, and 400 torr, respectively.
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how many ml of 0.1125 m ca(oh)2 is required to reach the end-point in the titration of a solution containing 25 ml of 0.0846 m acetic acid (ch3cooh)?
28.42 mL of 0.1125 M Ca(OH)₂ is required to reach the end-point in the titration of a solution containing 25 mL of 0.0846 M acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
Calculating the molarity of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) needed to reach the endpoint in the titration.
This can be done using the equation:
M1V1 = M2V2,
where M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of acetic acid (CH₃COOH), and
M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) needed to reach the endpoint.
Using the information given in the question, we can solve for V2:
0.0846 M CH₃COOH x 25 mL = 0.1125 M Ca(OH)₂ x V2
V2 = 25 mL x 0.1125 M Ca(OH)2 / 0.0846 M CH₃COOH
V2 = 28.42 mL
Therefore, 28.42 mL of 0.1125 M Ca(OH)₂ is required to reach the end-point in the titration of a solution containing 25 mL of 0.0846 M acetic acid (CH₃COOH).
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Calculate the molar mass for SnCL4
Answer:
To calculate the molar mass of SnCl4, we need to add the atomic masses of one tin (Sn) atom and four chlorine (Cl) atoms, each multiplied by their respective coefficients in the formula.
The atomic mass of Sn is 118.71 g/mol, and the atomic mass of Cl is 35.45 g/mol.
Therefore, the molar mass of SnCl4 can be calculated as follows:
Molar mass of SnCl4 = (1 × atomic mass of Sn) + (4 × atomic mass of Cl)
= (1 × 118.71 g/mol) + (4 × 35.45 g/mol)
= 118.71 g/mol + 141.80 g/mol
= 260.51 g/mol
So the molar mass of SnCl4 is 260.51 g/mol.
Explanation:
5. What conclusions can you draw about temperature and saturation of a solute?
In general, when the temperature rises, a solute becomes more soluble in a particular solvent.
Temperature and saturationAs long as the solute concentration is constant, the saturation of a solute in a solvent can also rise with rising temperature. However, depending on the particular solute-solvent system, this relationship may not always hold true.For instance, some solutes may become less soluble as the temperature rises, as is the case for gases like carbon dioxide in water. In these circumstances, a rise in temperature may result in a fall in saturation since more of the dissolved solute may exit the solution.The saturation of a solute in a solvent can also be influenced by other elements such as pressure and the presence of other solutes. Consequently, while estimating or measuring the saturation of a solute in a solvent, it is crucial to take temperature into account.learn more about temperature here
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the volume of a container expands when it is heated from 159 k to 456 k. what was the oriignal volume if the final volume is 15.5 l?
The original volume of the container was approximately 5.40 liters.
Thermal expansion can determine the container's initial capacity. Heated gases and liquids expand.
Charles's Law asserts that a gas's volume is precisely proportional to its absolute temperature (measured in Kelvin) at constant pressure.
Thermal expansion can determine the container's initial capacity. Heated gases and liquids expand.
Charles's Law asserts that a gas's volume is precisely proportional to its absolute temperature (measured in Kelvin) at constant pressure.
The container's original volume was 5.40 litres.
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4.00 moles of sodium have a mass of . group of answer choices 44.0 g 11.0 g 23.0 g 4.60 g 92.0 g
4.00 moles of sodium have a mass of: 23.0 g.
This is because 1 mole of a substance is equal to 6.02 x 10^23 molecules of that substance. Since sodium has a molar mass of 23 g/mol, this means that 4.00 moles of sodium will have a mass of 4.00 x 23 = 92.0 g.
However, since 4.00 moles of sodium contain 4.00 x 6.02 x 10^23 = 24.08 x 10^23 molecules of sodium, this means that each molecule of sodium will have a mass of 92.0 g/24.08 x 10^23 = 3.80 x 10^-23 g.
Thus, when we multiply 3.80 x 10^-23 g by 6.02 x 10^23 molecules, we get 23.0 g, which is the mass of 4.00 moles of sodium.
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Which of the following are considerations that should be taken when choosing solvents for recrystallization?The desired compound should be significantly more soluble in one solvent than the other.The solvents should be more basic than the desired compound.The two solvents should have significantly different polarity.There may be more than 1 correct answer or no correct answers.
When choosing solvents for recrystallization, the considerations that should be taken into account are: The desired compound should be significantly more soluble in one solvent than the other; the two solvents should have significantly different polarity.
Recrystallization is a method for purifying substances. It is based on the solubility of the material in the solvent. The material is dissolved in a solvent, then the solvent is removed, leaving the purified solid.
The solubility of the material in the solvent is a critical element in recrystallization. Solubility must be high enough to enable the material to dissolve, but low enough to allow the material to crystallize out of solution.
The desired compound should be significantly more soluble in one solvent than the other. If one solvent has high solubility for the compound while the other solvent has low solubility, the compound will dissolve in the high solubility solvent and remain in solution when the mixture is cooled.
The compound will precipitate out of the mixture when it reaches its saturation point, leaving behind impurities in solution.
The two solvents should have significantly different polarity. The compound should have low solubility in the solvent with lower polarity but high solubility in the solvent with higher polarity.
The high polarity solvent is used to dissolve the compound, while the low polarity solvent is used to wash away impurities. The solvent should be less reactive than the compound, non-toxic, and reasonably priced.
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(d) write the ground-state electron configuration of an atom of the element that you identified in part (c).
The ground state electron configuration of an atom of the element identified in the mass spectrometer results is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s².
The sample of the pure element that is analyzed using a mass spectrometer shows the following results:
Bar one: amu 24 and percent abundance just below 80.
Bar 2: amu 25 and percent abundance 10
Bar 3: amu 26 and percent abundance just above 10.
The ground-state electron configuration of an atom of the element that is identified in part c is as follows:
The mass number of the element is the weighted average of the isotopic masses, and it is calculated by adding the product of each isotope's atomic mass and its percent abundance. The calculation for the above-given values is shown below:
(24 amu × 0.79) + (25 amu × 0.10) + (26 amu × 0.11) = 24.33 amu
Since the mass number of the element is closer to 24 than to 25, it is reasonable to believe that the element is magnesium (Mg). The atomic number of magnesium is 12. Therefore, its electron configuration in the ground state is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s².
Hence, the ground-state electron configuration of an atom of the element that you identified in part c is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s².
Complete answer:
A sample of a pure element is anylazed using a mass spectrometer. The results are shown below.
Bar one: amu 24 and percent abundance just below 80.
Bar 2: amu 25 and percent abundance 10
Bar 3: amu 26 and percent abundance just above 10.
Write the ground-state electron configuration of an atom of the element that you identified in part c.
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Wood will dissolve in water.
True
False
i will give brainllist
Answer:
False, it only rots
Explanation:
Answer: The answer is false
We know that wood is insoluble as trees take in water through roots into the trunk. Therefore, water is insoluble in water. Note: Polymers are defined as materials that consist of repeating large molecules.
Explanation: Hope this helps!! :)) Have a great spring break!!
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assuming a thermal to electric efficiency of 30% we want to run a 100 w light bulb for a year. (4 points) (a) using 235u, how much as would be consumed in that year (b) how much coal would be required given a thermal output of 25 gj/ton 1
a) 3.21 kg of uranium would be consumed in a year to run a 100 W light bulb for a year, assuming a thermal to electric efficiency of 30% using 235u.
b) 35 kg of coal would be required to run a 100 W light bulb for a year
We have;
Thermal to electric efficiency = 30%
Power of the light bulb = 100 W
Thermal output of coal = 25 GJ/tona)
Uranium that would be consumed in a year to run a 100 W light bulb for a year:
Energy consumed in a year by the light bulb = 100 W × 24 hours/day × 365 days/year
= 876,000 Wh
= 876 kWh
Electric energy produced from the thermal energy = (Thermal to electric efficiency / 100) × Energy consumed
electric energy produced from the thermal energy = (30 / 100) × 876 kWh
= 262.8 kWh
Amount of uranium consumed in a year = Electric energy produced from the thermal energy / Energy density of uranium
= 262.8 kWh / 81.8 GJ/t
= 0.00321 t
= 3.21 kg
Therefore 3.21 kg of uranium would be consumed in a year to run a 100 W light bulb for a year.
b) Coal that would be required to run a 100 W light bulb for a year given a thermal output of 25 GJ/ton:
Energy consumed in a year by the light bulb = 100 W × 24 hours/day × 365 days/year
= 876,000 Wh
= 876 kWh
Electric energy produced from the thermal energy = (Thermal to electric efficiency / 100) × Energy consumedElectric
energy produced from the thermal energy = (30 / 100) × 876 kWh = 262.8 kWh
Amount of coal required = Thermal energy required / Thermal output of coal
The thermal energy required = Electric energy produced from the thermal energy / (Thermal to electric efficiency / 100)
Thermal energy required = 262.8 kWh / (30 / 100) = 876 kWh
Amount of coal required = 876 kWh / 25 GJ/ton = 0.035 t = 35 kg
35 kg of coal would be required to run a 100 W light bulb for a year given a thermal output of 25 GJ/ton.
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how do you tell if the ether solution is dry after the addition of calcium chloride? in grignard reactio
Answer:
To determine if the ether solution is dry after the addition of calcium chloride in Grignard reactions, a method called the spot test is used.
The spot test involves withdrawing a sample of the ether layer using a pipette and putting it on a piece of filter paper. If the spot left on the filter paper is not displaced by the addition of a drop of water, the ether solution is considered dry.
The reaction of Grignard, a reaction involving the organometallic compound formed by the addition of magnesium to a halogenated hydrocarbon in ether solution, is a very significant reaction in organic chemistry. The addition of calcium chloride to the ether solution is done to dry the solution before the addition of the Grignard reagent.
The reaction of Grignard is the addition of the organometallic compound to a carbonyl or related functional group in a molecule, resulting in the formation of an alcohol. The alcohol produced from the reaction of Grignard can either be a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol depending on the carbonyl or related functional group present in the molecule.
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write balanced chemical equations for the generation of hydrogen gas using hydrochloric acid and zinc metal, and for the generation of oxygen gas from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
The balanced chemical equations for the generation of hydrogen gas using hydrochloric acid and zinc metal is Zn + 2HCl ⇒ H2 + ZnCl₂. The balanced chemical equation for the generation of oxygen gas from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is 2H₂O₂ ⇒ 2H₂O + O₂.
A balanced chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols, in which the number of atoms of each element in the reactants is equal to the number of atoms of each element in the products. To balance a chemical equation, coefficients are added to the chemical formulas of the reactants and products to make the number of atoms of each element equal on both sides of the equation. The coefficients indicate the relative number of molecules or formula units involved in the reaction.
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which set of compounds is arranged in order of increasing magnitude of lattice energy? which set of compounds is arranged in order of increasing magnitude of lattice energy? csi < mgs < nacl mgs < nacl < csi nacl < csi < mgs csi < nacl < mgs
The set of compounds arranged in order of increasing magnitude of lattice energy is CsI < NaCl < MgS.
Lattice energy refers to the energy needed to dissociate a solid ionic crystal into gaseous ions. This energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic attraction between the ions of an ionic crystal. As a result, ionic crystals with higher charge and smaller size have higher lattice energies.
The lattice energies of the set of compounds CsI, NaCl, and MgS can be compared. The compound with the highest lattice energy is CsI because it has the highest charge and smallest size among the given compounds. Thus, the order of lattice energies would be:
CsI < NaCl < MgS
In summary, in order of increasing magnitude of lattice energy, the set of compounds can be arranged as CsI < NaCl < MgS.
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at the same temperature, water vapor molecules have the same average kinetic energy as the heavier nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the air. why does sound travel faster in moist air? in other words, how do the average speeds of h2o molecules compare with those of n2 and o2 molecules?
The same temperature of water vapor and nitrogen and oxygen molecules have the same average kinetic energy, and the lighter water vapor molecules have higher velocities,
which is why sound travels faster in moist air than in dry air.
The average speed of the water vapor molecules is also much higher than the average speed of the nitrogen and oxygen molecules.
At the same temperature, the average kinetic energy of water vapor molecules is the same as the heavier nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the air.
This is due to the fact that the average kinetic energy of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas.
Therefore, since both gases are at the same temperature, they have the same average kinetic energy.
The reason why sound travels faster in moist air is because the water vapor molecules are lighter than the nitrogen and oxygen molecules, which means that they have less mass and higher velocities.
As a result, sound waves that pass through the moist air travel faster than those through dry air because the faster moving water molecules create less resistance for the sound waves.
This is why sound travels faster in moist air than in dry air.
In terms of average speeds, the average speed of water vapor molecules is much higher than the average speed of nitrogen and oxygen molecules.
This is because the lighter water vapor molecules have less mass, which allows them to move faster.
On the other hand, the heavier nitrogen and oxygen molecules have more mass, which means that they move more slowly.
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which of the following are safety concerns specific for the experiment, calorimetry? one or more answers may be correct and you will receive negative points for incorrect answers. group of answer choices
Safety precautions to be taken while performing the calorimetry experiment, some safety precautions are necessary, such as the following : -
1. In calorimetry experiments, extreme caution should be taken when using open flames or heat sources such as bunsen burners, which may cause burns or other accidents.
2. During experiments, safety glasses or goggles must be worn at all times to prevent chemical splashes from entering the eyes.
3. When handling any chemicals, be sure to wash your hands thoroughly before and after handling them to prevent any potential exposure or cross-contamination.
4. Always double-check the correct usage of the calorimeter and its components before proceeding with the experiment.
5. The calorimeter should not be kept near the edge of the bench or work surface to avoid unintentional falls or damage to the instrument.
6. A well-ventilated area should be chosen for the experiment because some chemicals may produce fumes or gases.
Calorimetry is a method of determining the amount of heat released or absorbed by a reaction in question. In this experiment.
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calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by mixing 100.0 ml of the solution made in number 3 with 900.0 ml of 0.0250 m nacl.
The molarity of the solution prepared by mixing 100.0 ml of the solution made in number 3 with 900.0 ml of 0.0250 m NaCl is 0.1225 M.
We first calculate the moles of NaCl present in 900.0 ml of 0.0250 m NaCl solution.The formula to calculate the moles of solute is given as:
Moles of solute = molarity x volume (in liters)
So, the moles of NaCl in 900.0 ml of 0.0250 m NaCl solution would be:
Moles of NaCl = 0.0250 x (900.0/1000) = 0.0225 mol
Calculate the total volume of the mixed solution.The total volume of the mixed solution would be the sum of the volumes of the two solutions used in the mixing process.Total volume of mixed solution = 100.0 ml + 900.0 ml = 1000.0 ml or 1.0 L
Calculate the total number of moles of NaCl in the mixed solution.Total moles of NaCl in the mixed solution = moles of NaCl in 900.0 ml of 0.0250 m NaCl solution + moles of NaCl in 100.0 ml of the solution made in number 3
Total moles of NaCl in the mixed solution = 0.0225 mol + 0.100 mol = 0.1225 mol
Calculate the molarity of the mixed solution.The molarity of the mixed solution would be the number of moles of solute present in the solution per liter of solution.
Molarity of the mixed solution = Total moles of NaCl in the mixed solution / Total volume of the mixed solution
Molarity of the mixed solution = 0.1225 mol / 1.0 L = 0.1225 M
Therefore, the molarity of the solution prepared by mixing 100.0 ml of the solution made in number 3 with 900.0 ml of 0.0250 m NaCl is 0.1225 M.
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if 166 kj of energy is required to decompose 93.5 g caco3, what is the molar enthalpy of decomposition?
The molar enthalpy of decomposition for [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] is 166 kJ.
The molar enthalpy of decomposition can be calculated by dividing the amount of energy by the number of moles of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex].
Let's find the number of moles first.
Number of moles of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex]
m = mass / molar mass
m = 93.5 g / (40.08 g/mol + 12.01 g/mol + 3 × 16.00 g/mol)
m = 93.5 g / 100.09 g/mol
m = 0.934 mol
The molar enthalpy of decomposition can be calculated using the formula:
Molar enthalpy of decomposition = Energy change / Number of moles
Molar enthalpy of decomposition = 166 kJ / 0.934 mol
The molar enthalpy of decomposition = 177.65 kJ/mol
Therefore, the molar enthalpy of the decomposition of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] is 177.65 kJ/mol.
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It takes 38 mL of 0. 75 M NaOH solution to completely neutralize 155 mL of a sulfuric acid solution
(H2SO4). What is the concentration of the H2SO4 solution? (0. 092 M H2SO4)
The molar concentration of the H2SO4 solution is 0.09 M. This is calculated using the expression of molar concentration.
The number of moles of Sodium hydroxide = M x Volume(Liter)
= 0.75 x 38 / 1000
= 0.0285 mole
A solution is defined as a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. This is composed of solvent and solute. The solute is defined as a substance dissolved in another substance known as a solvent. Moles are defined as the number of particles present in a given amount of substance.
2 moles of sodium hydroxide = 1 mole of H2SO4
no. of moles of sulfuric acid = 0.0285 / 2
= 0.014 moles
The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. It is expressed as M. It is also known as Molar concentration. Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species in particular of a solute in a solution in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution.
Molarity of the solution = 0.014 / 0.155
= 0.09 M
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describe how you can determine the ratio of cis- and trans- 2-methylcyclohexanols from the hnmr spectrum provided
The ratio of cis- and trans- 2-methylcyclohexanols is 1:3. It can be determined from the NMR spectra.
NMR spectra is defined as a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. The NMR spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz's. The term Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition. That is why such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. According to the NMR spectra, the peak of the trans isomer is at 3.75 ppm since the methyl is away from the OH therefore less de-shielded as compared to the cis isomer. Cis isomer has its peak at 3.05. The peak at 3.05 is more in area that is the integration is 3 times as compared to that of the peak at 3.75.
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what is the substance undergoing a chemical or physical change known as?
The substance undergoing a chemical or physical change is called a reactant. Reactants are starting materials that participate in a chemical reaction, which can result in the formation of new chemical compounds or changes in the physical properties of the substances involved.
In a physical change, the reactants retain their chemical identity, but undergo a change in their physical state or properties, such as melting, freezing, boiling, or changing color. In a chemical change, the reactants undergo a chemical reaction that results in the formation of new chemical compounds, breaking of chemical bonds, or release of energy. Understanding the properties and behavior of reactants is crucial in predicting and controlling chemical reactions in various fields, from materials science to biochemistry.
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what is resonance effect?
Answer:
Resonance effect is a chemical phenomenon that occurs when electrons in a molecule are delocalized or spread out over multiple atoms or bonds. This results in the stabilization of the molecule and can affect its reactivity and properties. Resonance occurs when there are multiple ways to draw the Lewis structure of a molecule, and each structure contributes to the overall electronic structure of the molecule. The resonance effect is commonly observed in organic chemistry, where it can influence the acidity or basicity of a molecule, as well as its stability and reactivity in chemical reactions.
a vessel contains 112 1 2 l of milk. john drinks 14 1 4 l of milk; joe drinks 12 1 2 l of milk. how much of milk is left in the vessel?
There is 73 3/4 liters of milk left in the vessel.
John drank 14 1/4 liters of milk and Joe drank 12 1/2 liters of milk. This means that a total of 26 3/4 liters of milk was consumed from the vessel. 112 1/2 liters of milk was the total amount of milk in the vessel, so if we subtract the 26 3/4 liters that was consumed from the vessel, we can calculate the remaining amount of milk left in the vessel.
Calculate the total amount of milk that was consumed.
John drank 14 1/4 liters of milk and Joe drank 12 1/2 liters of milk. This means that a total of 26 3/4 liters of milk was consumed from the vessel.
Calculate the amount of milk left in the vessel.
The total amount of milk in the vessel was 112 1/2 liters. If we subtract the 26 3/4 liters that was consumed from the vessel, we can calculate the remaining amount of milk left in the vessel: 112 1/2 liters - 26 3/4 liters = 73 3/4 liters.
In this problem, we needed to calculate the amount of milk left in the vessel after two people drank from it. We did this by first calculating the total amount of milk that was consumed (John drank 14 1/4 liters of milk and Joe drank 12 1/2 liters of milk). Then, we calculated the remaining amount of milk left in the vessel by subtracting the amount of milk consumed from the total amount of milk in the vessel (112 1/2 liters - 26 3/4 liters = 73 3/4 liters).
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certain reaction has an activation energy of 34.34 kj/mol. 34.34 kj / mol. at what kelvin temperature will the reaction proceed 3.00 3.00 times faster than it did at 357 k?
Certain reaction has an activation energy of 34.34 kj/mol. At 428.0 kelvin temperature will the reaction proceed 3.00 3.00 times faster than it did at 357 k?
The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature. Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined distinct reference points and thermometric substances. The most popular scales are the Celsius scale, sometimes known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Kelvin scale (K), with the latter being mostly used for scientific purposes. One of the International System of Units' (SI) seven base units is the kelvin.
k1/k2 = [tex]e^{((Ea/R) * ((1/T2) - (1/T1)}[/tex]
Ea = 34.34 kJ/mol × 1000 J/kJ
= 34,340 J/mol
3.00 = [tex]e^{((34,340 J/mol / (8.314 J/mol K)) × ((1/T2) - (1/357 K)))}[/tex]
ln(3.00) = (34,340 J/mol / (8.314 J/mol K))×((1/T2) - (1/357 K))
T2 = 1 / (ln(3.00) / (34,340 J/mol / (8.314 J/mol K)) + (1/357 K)) = 428.0 K
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if the charge on a cation m is 4 and the charge on an anion z is 1-, what would the subscript be for the anion in the formula of the ionic compound formed from these two species?
The subscript above, of the
anion
in the formula of an ionic compound formed from a cation is 4.
This is because the total charge of the ionic compound must be equal to 0. To achieve this, the charge of the cation must be equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign, to the charge of the anion.
Therefore, if the charge of the
cation
is 4+, the charge of the anion must be 4- to balance the overall charge of the ionic compound.
Ionic compounds are composed of positively and negatively charged ions (cations and anions respectively). When cations and anions interact, they form ionic bonds.
In order for the ionic bond to form, the total charge of the cation and anion must be equal to 0. This is achieved by having the cation and anion of equal magnitude, but opposite sign.
For example, a cation with a charge of 4+ will interact with an anion of 4-. The resulting ionic compound will have a
neutral charge
of 0.
The subscript of the anion in the formula of an ionic compound formed from a cation with a charge of 4+ and an anion with a charge of 1- is 4.
Therefore, in this example, the cation has a charge of 4+, and so the anion must have a charge of 4- in order to form an ionic compound with a neutral charge of 0.
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if molecules of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine have the same kinetic energy which molecule will be moving the fastest? a) hydrogen b) nitrogen c) oxygen d) chlorine e) all molecules will have the same speed.
The answer to the question is "e) all molecules will have the same speed." This is because all molecules, regardless of what elements they are made up of, have the same kinetic energy, so they will be moving at the same speed.
To better understand this concept, it is important to note that kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its motion. Kinetic energy is determined by the mass and speed of the object, with the equation being KE = 1/2 x m x v^2 (where m is the mass and v is the velocity). So, if two objects have the same kinetic energy, they must have the same velocity, regardless of their mass.
As all molecules of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine have the same kinetic energy, they must also have the same velocity, meaning that all molecules will be moving at the same speed. This is because the molecules' masses differ, but as the kinetic energy is the same, the velocity must be the same as well.
It is also important to note that kinetic energy is not the same as momentum. Momentum is determined by the mass and velocity of an object, but is not dependent on the kinetic energy of the object. So, while all molecules of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine have the same kinetic energy, they may still have different momentum, due to their different masses.
In conclusion, all molecules of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine will have the same speed, as they all have the same kinetic energy.
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a. on the basis of your intuitive understanding of the chemical properties of sodium and gold, where in your activity series would you place sodium and gold? b. will hydrochloric acid react with gold metal to produce gold(iii) ions and hydrogen gas? explain.
Based on my understanding of the chemical properties of sodium and gold, I would place sodium higher than gold in the activity series.
What is sodium?Sodium is a highly reactive metal that readily loses its outermost electron to form a positively charged ion, whereas gold is a relatively inert metal that does not easily undergo chemical reactions.
As for the second part of the question, hydrochloric acid (HCl) will not react with gold metal to produce gold(III) ions and hydrogen gas. Gold is a noble metal, which means it is resistant to oxidation and does not readily react with acids like HCl. However, aqua regia, a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, can dissolve gold by forming complex ions, such as AuCl4-, which are more soluble in water than pure gold metal.
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How many atoms are in 32.10 g of He
4.83 x 10^24 atoms are there in 32.10 g of He.
To determine the number of atoms in 32.10 g of He, we first need to convert the mass to moles using the atomic mass of He, which is 4.003 g/mol.
number of moles of He = 32.10 g / 4.003 g/mol = 8.024 mol He
Next, we use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol, to calculate the number of atoms in 8.024 mol of He:
8.024 mol He x 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol = 4.83 x 10^24 atoms
Therefore, there are approximately 4.83 x 10^24 atoms in 32.10 g of He.
Atoms are the fundamental matter units that comprise everything around us, from the air we breathe to the food we consume. They are made up of three different sorts of particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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a 20.0 g piece of a metal with specific heat of 0.900 j/g.0c at 98.0 0c dropped into 50.0 g water in a calorimeter at 20.0 0c. the specific heat of water is 4.18 j/g.0c calculate the final equilibrium temperature of the mixture group of answer choices
The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture will be 40.5°C. Option A is correct.
To calculate the final equilibrium temperature of the mixture, we need to use the principle of conservation of energy, which states that the total energy of a closed system remains constant. In this case, the initial energy of the metal at 98.0°C is transferred to the water and calorimeter, raising their temperature until they reach a final equilibrium temperature.
We can use the following equation to calculate the final equilibrium temperature ([tex]T_{f}[/tex]) of the mixture:
m₁c₁(T₁ - [tex]T_{f}[/tex]) = m₂c₂([tex]T_{f}[/tex] - T₂)
where m₁ and c₁ are the mass and specific heat of the metal, T₁ is the initial temperature of the metal, m₂ and c₂ are the mass and specific heat of the water, and T₂ is the initial temperature of the water.
Substituting the given values, we get:
(20.0 g)(0.900 J/g°C)(98.0°C - [tex]T_{f}[/tex]) = (50.0 g)(4.18 J/g°C)([tex]T_{f}[/tex] - 20.0°C)
Simplifying and solving for [tex]T_{f}[/tex], we get:
1764 - 18[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = 2090[tex]T_{f}[/tex] - 83600
2108[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = 85364
[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = 40.5°C
Hence, A. 40.5°C is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"A 20.0 g piece of a metal with specific heat of 0.900 j/g.0c at 98.0 0c dropped into 50.0 g water in a calorimeter at 20.0 0c. the specific heat of water is 4.18 j/g.0c calculate the final equilibrium temperature of the mixture group of answer choices: A) 40.5°C. B) 48.9°C. C) 36.7°C. D) 45.5°C."--
Calculate the number of moles present in 9. 50g of co2
The number of moles present in 9.50g of CO2 is given by using the number as 0.216 moles.
The mole idea is a useful way to indicate how much of a substance there is. Each measurement may be divided into two components: the magnitude in numbers and the units in which the magnitude is expressed. For instance, the magnitude is "2" and the unit is "kilogramme" when a ball's mass is determined to be 2 kilogrammes.
Even one gramme of a pure element is known to have an enormous number of atoms when working with particles at the atomic (or molecular) level. The mole idea is frequently applied in this situation. The unit of measurement that receives the most attention is the "mole," which is a count of a sizable number of particles.
Number of moles of carbon dioxide can be calculated using the formula, number of moles = mass/ molar mass.
Molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44 gram/mole.
So, keeping the values in given formula to find number of moles in given mass of carbon dioxide.
Number of moles = 9.50/44
Number of moles = 0.216
Hence, number of moles in given mass of carbon dioxide is 0.216.
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