A schematic view that shows visual outcomes after treatment for sporadic optic pathway gliomas in pediatric patients was divided into three categories: improved, unchanged, and deteriorated.
Sporadic optic pathway gliomas (OPG) are some tumors that occur in the optic nerve, chiasm, or both. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are more vulnerable to this condition. OPGs can cause various unhealthy symptoms and visual impairment.
According to the schematic view, vision in pediatric patients with sporadic OPG can have no change or deterioration after observation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. Deteriorated vision may require surgery after these therapies where chemotherapy is observed to provide the most favorable visual consequences.
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the nurse knows that household measurements are used for volume only and are not commonly used in health care settings. sometimes for convenience the health care provider will order a drug in a household measurement. which is an example of a drug ordered this way?
The type of drug which can be used in volume only and not in any kind of healthcare setting is Amoxicillin 125 mg per teaspoon. It can also be ordered as a drug in the household measurement.
The common household system, the avoirdupois system, the apothecary system, and the metric system are all used in the field of pharmacy. In the majority of the world's regions, the household system is most prevalent among patients.
Gallon, quart, teaspoon, tablespoon, and a pint are the units used in this system. The majority of the time, liquid items are measured using these units of measurement. The majority of us utilise the household measurement system at home, typically in the kitchen.
More examples include the following: cup, tablespoon, teaspoon, piece, slice, a fraction (for instance, 1/4 pizza), ounce, fluid ounce, or other typical home items used to package food products (e.g., jar, tray).
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budd j, cusi k. nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: what does the primary care physician need to know?. am j med. 2020;133(5):536-543. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.01.007
The most prevalent chronic liver disease in the US is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which will soon overtake liver cancer as the main reason for liver transplantation.
Briefing:This necessitates that general therapeutic level essential aspects of NAFLD diagnosis and therapy, as well as when to refer a patient to a specialist. Sadly, there is still a lot of medical inertia since professionals are still ignorant of the high morbidity and death. To stop liver disease from progressing to end-stage, it is essential to have an early diagnosis in the primary care environment.
Types of Liver Disease:There are numerous liver conditions, including those brought on by medicines, toxins, or excessive alcohol consumption viruses can cause illnesses such hepatitis A, B, and C. Cirrhosis and fatty liver disease are two examples.
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the nurse instructs a client receiving chemotherapy on actions to prevent the development of stomatitis. which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective?
The client statement which indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective is:
avoiding spicy and fatty foods has improved the condition
Nursing careNursing care can simply be defined as the process giving healthcare services or medical assistance to clients or patients with health conditions or health problems.
Some health cases or health conditions which nurses care for are as follows :
Infectious diseases treatmentCerebral arteriosclerosisStomatitis CancerSo therefore, the client statement which indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective is
avoiding spicy and fatty foods has improved the condition.
Complete question:
The nurse instructs a client receiving chemotherapy on actions to prevent the development of stomatitis. which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective?
a. taking enough spicy and fatty foods has improved the condition
b. avoiding spicy and fatty foods has improved the condition
c. none of the above
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a nurse is talking with a patient about the plan for her care after discharge from the hospital. he concludes by saying, "we’ve just reviewed a lot of information about what happens when you leave the hospital. did you understand everything ok?" did he effectively use teach back?
No. he did not effectively use teach back.
No, because he didn't ask the patient to repeat back what she understood.
No, because he placed the responsibility of communication on the patient instead of on himself.
Briefing :In this case, the following may be a good teach-back query: "Just now, we looked over a ton of data. In order for me to know if I was clear, would you mind repeating it to me?" The patient is asked to offer a summary of the details so that the clinician can address any misunderstandings.
The supplier could provide a question like, "How do you want to comprehend the dialogue on a high level?" "Just now, we looked at a ton of data. Upon being discharged from the hospital, what would you say to your son about this discussion?"
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I understand the question you are looking for :
A nurse is talking with a patient about the plan for her care after discharge from the hospital. He concludes by saying, "We've just reviewed a lot of information about what happens when you leave the hospital. Did you understand everything OK?" Did he effectively use Teach Back?
(A) Yes, because he asked the patient to confirm understanding
(B) No, because he didn't ask the patient to repeat back what she understood
(C) No, because he placed the responsibility of communication on the patient instead of on himself
(D) B and C
The term secondary bone cancer describes tumors that have spread to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs. True or false?.
Answer:
It's true.
The term secondary bone cancer describes tumors that have spread to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs.,
while caring for a patient with cirrhosis, the nurse knows that abnormalities in which phase of pharmacokinetics may occur?
Metabolism is the abnormality in the phase of pharmacokinetics that may occur while caring for a patient with cirrhosis.
The study of medication changes brought on by the body's physiological and metabolic processes is known as pharmacokinetics. In pharmacokinetics, there are four stages: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
The hepatocytes are where the medication is broken down. Phase I and phase II drug metabolism occurs in the liver for the medicines. The drug's therapeutic benefits are lost during phase I metabolism as a result of oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis.
The medication is ready to be excreted through bile or urine during phase II metabolism. Phase II of metabolism is when conjugation reactions happen. Since the liver is where medications are metabolized, a patient with liver cirrhosis will have a negative impact on drug metabolism.
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how can impressions make a difference in the communication between individuals
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move more, move better: a narrative review of wearable technologies and their application to precision health
Move more, move better: A narrative review of wearable technologies and their application to precision health.
Why has wearable technology recently boomed?As a result of methodological and technological developments, wearable technology research and use have lately increased, increasing the study and application of precision health for people with a variety of real-world circumstances and health statuses.
The most current advances in science and the most recent problems with wearable technology are highlighted in this narrative review.
We first go over the advantages of using wearable technology to track physical activity versus self-reports, and then we evaluate the reliability and validity of products that are already on the market.
What is the use of wearable technology?The use of wearable technology to study the temporal relationships between physical activity and other health behaviors, psychological processes, and ambulatory disease markers in naturalistic settings is then covered.
These studies can inform clinical precision health practices. We also highlight studies that use wearable technologies to encourage behavior change across a range of demographics, allowing treatments to be tailored for different persons, circumstances, and issues.
In order to counteract this potential, we also list a few challenges that the field of precision monitoring is currently facing.
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You are getting there, can you tell us more about type of decision making, and who has ownership of task?
There are mainly three types of decision making:
Strategic decision makingtactical decision makingoperational decision makingOrganizational direction is determined by strategic decisions. Decisions made at the tactical level affect how tasks will be completed. Last but not least, operational decisions are those that staff members take on a daily basis to manage the company.
The owner himself has the ownership of task. The person in charge of seeing the task through to completion is the owner. They may serve as the project manager and allocate tasks to assignees (such as resource level users) for completion.
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impact of injection protocol selection by retina specialists on clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema
For the treatment of diabetic macular edema, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are employed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) in 170 eyes treated by 4 retina specialists using a pro re nata (PRN) strategy taken into consideration when determining the influence of the injection protocol.
It was discovered that BCVA and CMT during the initial visit were substantially correlated with improved BCVA and CMT over the course of treatment .
Explanation:
Anti-VEGF drugs prevent the growth of new blood vessels. Additionally, they halt aberrant blood vessel leaking that can saturate the macula.
Since these medications are injected right into your eye, you could feel a little pressure there. How many shots you will require will be decided by your doctor.
Most persons with centrally involved diabetic macular edema who experience visual loss should consider anti-VEGF injections as their first choice of treatment, according to the American Diabetes Association.
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Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that they contain valves to prevent backflow, and use the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles to help move lymph along. True or false?.
application of prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of direct oral anticoagulants in clinical practice: indications, patient characteristics and clinical outcomes compared to reversal of vitamin k antagonists ncbi
Application of prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of direct oral anticoagulants in clinical practice: indications, patient characteristics and clinical outcomes compared to reversal of vitamin k antagonists.
What is PCC?Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is widely used to reverse the action of direct oral anticoagulants in accordance with current recommendations and due to the lack of dedicated reversal medications (DOACs).
When compared to the well-established PCC reversal of vitamin K antagonists, indications, clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes may differ.
How was this study regulated?This cohort study compares the characteristics of patients on VKA to DOAC patients undergoing PCC. It also looked at the clinical outcomes for reversal.
What was concluded from the study?Because DOAC-treated patients experienced gastrointestinal bleeding, PCC was given more frequently, and the dosages of EC and tranexamic acid were raised. There were no differences in significant clinical outcomes.
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a nurse is administering daunorubicin (daunoxome) to a patient with lung cancer. which situation requires immediate intervention?
The I.V. site is red and swollen, requiring immediate intervention.
Meaning of the word "cancer":When a few of the body's cells grow uncontrolled and spread to other internal organs, cancer develops. The trillions of cells that make up the human body are home to cancer, which can develop practically anywhere..
What are the four different types of cancer?There are four main forms of cancer:
A carcinoma first manifests in the skin or the tissue that covers the surface of internal organs and glands.A sarcoma develops in the tissues that hold the body together and provide support.Leukemia is the name for a blood cancer.Lymphomas.To know more about Cancer visit:
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a 50-year-old male with diabetes did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. he is experiencing kussmaul respirations that can be characterised by:
A 50-year-old diabetic guy is currently in metabolic acidosis because he neglected to take his prescription. He has Kussmaul respiration, which is characterized by no breathing pauses, a big tidal volume, and a slightly elevated ventilatory rate.
A very large tidal volume, no respiratory pause, and a slightly elevated ventilatory rate are all characteristics of Kussmaul respiration.
Deep, quick, and laborious breathing is a hallmark of Kussmaul breathing. Certain medical diseases, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, a dangerous consequence of diabetes, can cause this distinctive, irregular breathing pattern. Fast, deep breaths known as Kussmaul respirations happen in reaction to metabolic acidosis. When the body attempts to expel the acidic carbon dioxide from the body by rapidly breathing it out, this is known as Kussmaul respiration. The high metabolic acidosis that leads to the Kussmaul breathing pattern can exacerbate both exogenous ailments like salicylate poisoning as well as endogenous illnesses like diabetic ketoacidosis and uremia.
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a nurse is preparing to administer a medication into a client by the intradermal route after applying gloves and cleaning the site with an antiseptic swab. in what order should the nurse take the steps to administer the medication?
Here is the order should the nurse take the steps to administer the medication:
Should double check the dose, name of the medication and name of the patient, Should pull the skin taut with non dominant hand,Should hold the needle at the angle of 5 to 15 degree,Should insert the needle into the skin,Look for the formation of bleb or a weal,Remove the needle, Discard the needle, Wash hands,Make a note of the injection siteInjections given directly beneath the epidermis, into the dermis, are known as intradermal injections (ID). Of all parenteral methods, the ID injection route has the longest absorption period. Sensitivity tests, including those for TB, allergies, and local anesthesia, are conducted with these kinds of injections.
These tests have the benefit of making the bodily reaction visible and allowing for evaluation of the reaction's intensity. The inside surface of the forearm and the upper back, beneath the scapula, are the two most often utilized locations.
The visual assessment of the test findings may be impacted if the injection site has sores, rashes, moles, or scars.
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What are the consequences of the Halo Effect?
O The personality of the individual will be accurately portrayed.
O Customers may be drawn toward a product for the wrong reasons.
O Only conscious messages will be introduced.
O Traits both negative and positive will be associated with an individual or person.
Answer:
Customers may be drawn toward a product for the wrong reasons.
A child is seen in the school nurse's office with complaints of pain in his right forearm. In reviewing the child's record the nurse notes that he has a history of being physically abused by the mother. Which should be the initial intervention with this child?
In cases of child abuse, the nurse should be able to recognize the signs of the abuse, determine the cause, provide therapy, and intervene to protect the child from future harm.
When assessing a child, the nurse should suspect child abuse if there are bruises, burns, lacerations, missing teeth, or skeletal damage. The nurse is then required to accurately record her findings in the medical record, including a description of any physical evidence of abuse. She also has a responsibility to notify the authorities in situations where a child has already been abused or is at risk of being abused. Furthermore, the nurse must offer appropriate care and treatment to the child, such as a cold compress or pain medication.
Therefore, when a kid is being abused, a nurse should be able to spot the warning signs, diagnose the problem, offer to counsel and step in to stop the abuse and safeguard the child from further harm.
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there is strong evidence that shows physical activity can lower the risk of developing the following forms of cancer.
There is indeed presence of strong evidence that shows physical activity can lower the risk of developing the following forms of cancer.
How are Exercises and cancer related?Exercise during leisure time has been related to a much lower risk of not just these three cancers but also esophageal, liver, stomach, kidney, and myeloid leukemia, according to a new study that was published on May 16 in JAMA Internal Medicine.
This is crucial since earlier investigations on the connection between physical activity and cancer risk produced contradictory findings for the majority of cancer types.
The only exceptions were endometrial, breast, and colon cancers.
Exercise was also highly associated with a lower incidence of blood malignancies, multiple myeloma, lung, head and neck, rectum, bladder, and other cancers (in current and former smokers).
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the health care provider has prescribed spironolactone for a client. the nurse is prepared to carefully monitor the client's potassium level if the client is also administered which drug?
the health care provider has prescribed spironolactone for a client. the nurse is prepared to carefully monitor the client's potassium level the client is also administered which drug lisinopril.
What is spironolactone used for?Heart failure and hypertension are treated with spirolactone in combination with other medications. The risk of strokes and heart attacks can be decreased by lowering blood pressure. The necessity for hospitalization due to heart failure is also lessened with the use of spirolactone.
What is a major side effect of spironolactone?There could be fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or headaches. When getting out of a seated or laying position, stand gently to reduce dizziness. Inform your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible if any of these effects persist or get worse.
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dr. palermo wants to determine the pain level for 3-year-old mason, who is complaining of pain in his legs. how might she do this?
Since Dr Palermo wants to determine the pain level for 3-year-old Mason, who is complaining of pain in his legs. the way to do this is to use the model of childrens face.
How to illustrate the information?It should be noted that in this situation, Mason is still a kid and may not be able to explain how he feels and talk more about his pain.
Therefore, it's important as a doctor to look at his reaction and the expression on his face in order to ascertain his situation.
Therefore, since Dr palermo wants to determine the pain level for 3-year-old Mason, who is complaining of pain in his legs. the way to do this is to use the model of childrens face.
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a school-aged child who has just arrived from africa has been exposed to diphtheria, and a nurse in the pediatric clinic is to administer the antitoxin. which type of immunity does the antitoxin confer?
Answer:
Passive artificial
Explanation:
In passive artificial immunity the antibody is produced in another organism and then injected into the presumed infected person to provide immediate immunity against the invading organism.
you enter your patient’s room and find them lying supine in bed seemingly unresponsive. after assessing breathing and pulse for no more than 10 seconds and determining the patient is in cardiac arrest, when should you start cpr?
You enter your patient's room and find him lying on his back on the bed, apparently unresponsive. after assessing breathing and pulse for no more than 10 seconds and determining that the patient is in cardiac arrest, you should begin CPR immediately.
How is cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed?Standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be performed in two ways, either by a single person, who performs rescue breaths and chest compressions alternately, or by two people, one performing rescue breaths and the other responsible for chest compressions.
With this information, we can conclude that Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) consists of a series of maneuvers performed by health professionals or laypersons to reverse cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) and maintain adequate tissue oxygenation and perfusion.
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when preparing a multigravid client who has undergone evacuation of a hydatidiform mole for discharge, the nurse explains the need for follow-up care. the nurse determines that the client understands the instruction when she says that she is at risk for developing which problem?
When preparing a multigravid client who has undergone evacuation of a hydatidiform mole for discharge, the nurse explains the need for follow-up care and the client is said to understand it when she says that she is at risk for developing choriocarcinoma.
What is Choriocarcinoma?This is defined as a medical condition which is characterized by a fast-growing cancer that occurs in a woman's uterus. This type of cancer affects the placenta in most situations and it is the organ which supplies food and other nutrients from the woman to the fetus.
In a situation where the individual had hydatidiform mole which is the abnormal growth of trophoblasts which are tissues which form the placenta then there is a likelihood of her having choriocarcinoma in this scenario.
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a nurse is caring for four clients. which client is at a risk of meningitis, hearing loss, and generalized paresis
Client A is at a risk of meningitis, hearing loss, and generalized paresis.
Meningitis :An inflammation (swelling) of the linings that protect the brain and spinal cord is known as meningitis. The swelling is typically brought on by a bacterial or viral infection of the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can also be brought on by wounds, cancer, some medications, and other infections.
Causes of meningitisAlthough bacteria or viruses are the most common causes of meningitis, there are really five different forms of the disease, each of which is categorized according to its root cause: bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal, and non-infectious.
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primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the collaborative atorvastatin diabetes
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent cardiovascular disease. We can help keep our blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels normal and lower your risk for heart disease and heart attack.
What causes cardiovascular disease?The most important behavioral risk factors of the heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of the behavioral risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity.
Abstracts:
Background: Type 2 diabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but role of lipid-lowering therapy with statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes is inadequately defined. We aimed to assess effectiveness of atorvastatin 10 mg daily for primary prevention of major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes without high concentrations of LDL-cholesterol.
Methods: Study entrants had no documented previous history of the cardiovascular disease, an LDL-cholesterol concentration of 4.14 mmol/L or lower, a fasting triglyceride amount of 6.78 mmol/L or less, and at least one of following: retinopathy, albuminuria, current smoking, or hypertension. The primary endpoint was time to the first occurrence of the following: acute coronary heart disease events, coronary revascularization, or stroke. Analysis was by intention to treat.
Findings: The trial was terminated 2 years earlier than expected because the prespecified early stopping the rule for efficacy had been met. Median duration of the follow-up was 3.9 years (IQR 3.0-4.7). 127 patients allocated the placebo (2.46 per 100 person-years at risk) and 83 allocated atorvastatin (1.54 per 100 person-years at risk) had at least one major cardiovascular event (rate reduction 37% [95% CI -52 to -17], p=0.001). Treatment would be expected to prevent at least 37 major vascular events per 1000 such people treated for the 4 years. Assessed separately, the acute coronary heart disease events were reduced by 36% (-55 to -9), coronary re-vascularization by 31% (-59 to 16), and rate of stroke by 48% (-69 to -11). Atorvastatin reduced death rate by 27% (-48 to 1, p=0.059). No excess of adverse events was noted in atorvastatin group.
Interpretation: Atorvastatin 10 mg daily is safe and the efficacious in reducing the risk of first cardiovascular disease events, including stroke, in patients with type 2 diabetes without high LDL-cholesterol. No justification is available for having a particular threshold level of the LDL-cholesterol as the sole arbiter of which patients with type 2 diabetes should receive statins. The debate about whether all the people with this disorder warrant statin treatment should now focus on whether any patients are at sufficiently low risk for this treatment to be withheld.
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which intervention would the nurse implement for a client who has type 1 diabetes and has an elevated blood glucose
The intervention that the nurse would implement for a client who has type 1 diabetes and has elevated blood glucose is to provide supplemental doses of insulin.
What is type 1 diabetes?Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which the person cannot produce suitable levels of insulin hormone, which is required to metabolize carbohydrates and thereby it must be administrated.
In conclusion, the intervention that the nurse would implement for a client who has type 1 diabetes and has elevated blood glucose is to provide supplemental doses of insulin.
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aacn: ecco 4.0: caring for patients with renal disorders: part 1 – icu: assessing and managing fluid and electrolyte imbalances
aacn: ecco 4.0: caring for patients with renal disorders: part 1 – icu: assessing and managing fluid and electrolyte imbalances, provides an assessment tools for monitoring kidney function, nursing priorities for fluid and electrolyte disorders. The statement is true.
what is renal disorder?Renal disorder defined as the diseases caused by defect in kidney, affect the ability of the body to clean blood, control blood pressure and filter out extra water from your blood.
It also affect the production of red blood cells and vitamin D which is needed for bone health, due to kidney damage the fluids and waste products accumulate in the body resulting in swelling of ankles, poor sleep, shortness of breath and weakness.
If it is left untreated, it can lead to a life-threatening condition such as kidney failure, High blood pressure and diabetes cause of chronic kidney disease, Infections, congenital abnormalities or drugs are the primary causes of glomerulonephritis.
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a client in her 29th week of gestation reports dizziness and clamminess when assuming a supine position. during the assessment, the nurse observes there is a marked decrease in the client’s blood pressure. which intervention should the nurse implement to help alleviate this client’s condition?
The patient should be placed in a left lateral position if dizziness and clamminess were reported in a supine position.
What is a supine position?
One of the four fundamental patient postures is the supine position. The three other postures are lithotomy, lateral, and prone. The patient is lying face up, their neck is in a neutral posture, and their head is resting on a pad positioner or pillow.
The patient's arms may be tucked at the sides or abducted to a lesser degree on arm boards while yet maintaining a neutral thumb-up or supinated position. Operations on the anterior surface of the body and intracranial procedures both employ the supine patient stance.
Therefore, if the client faces issues in the supine position, they need to be placed in the left lateral position.
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How much water does the body lose everyday through urine, sweat, stool, and water vapor in
breaths?
a. 1300 to 1500 ml
b. 500 to 1000 ml
C.
1350 to 1700 ml
d. 1750 to 3000 ml
In an average adult under normal conditions, this is around 700 cc per day. Sensible fluid loss is visible and measurable and includes urine (1,400 cc per day), sweat (100 cc) and feces (200 cc)
Answer C
if a patient authorizes it, you are permitted to disclose phi regardless of what is being requested.
This statement "if a patient authorizes it, you are permitted to disclose phi regardless of what is being requested." is false.
The HIPAA privacy regulation permits uses and disclosures of a patient's PHI for purposes of receiving payment for services without obtaining a consent or authorization. This includes revealing PHI to individuals handling the clinic's invoicing.
Under federal law, the HIPAA Privacy Rule specifies when a covered organization may use or disclose a person's protected health information (PHI). Generally speaking, a covered organization may only use or disclose PHI if: (1) the HIPAA Privacy Rule explicitly authorizes or requires it; or (2) the person whose information is being used or disclosed grants written consent.
We point out that additional federal or state privacy laws could be applicable; this blog exclusively covers HIPAA.
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