Two major adaptations that were most important in allowing plants to become independent of aquatic habitats are the vascular system and seeds.
In order for plants to survive on land, they need a proper vascular system for the transport of food and water. Also, if not water, then another source should be present for plants for fertilization and protecting their embryos.
The presence of the vascular system is an adaptation that allowed plants to survive in land habitats. The xylem vascular system is responsible for transporting water from the soil to all the other parts of the plant. The phloem vascular bundle is responsible for the transportation of food from the leaves to all other parts of the plant.
The development of seeds in plants allowed a secure method for dispersal as seeds protect the embryos of plants and are also transported through means such as animals, winds etc.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
What are two major plant adaptations that were most important in allowing plants to become independent of aquatic habitats?
a. photosynthesis and symbiotic relationship with fungi
b. vascular system and seeds
c. bilateral symmetry and becoming multicellular organisms
d. spore production and becoming single-celled organisms
To learn more about the vascular system, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/49656
#SPJ4
Which concept describes how the chemical world eventually becomes disorganized?
entropy
compounds
chemical bonds
molecular structure
Entropy describes how the chemical world eventually becomes disorganized because Entropy is the measurement of a number of microstates that are available to a system or environment. A microstate is an arrangement and behavior of all atoms in a system, environment, or container at a specific time.
However, the more microstate will be there, the higher will be the disorganized pattern or higher will be the atomic disturbance in a system. This disturbance and disorganization are called Entropy.
Therefore, the state of Entropy will is the most probable state of the system, environment, container, or world of chemicals. The atomic disturbances will give the complete idea about the disorganization of the systems or chemical world.
Learn more about entropy here
brainly.com/question/15025401
#SPJ1
What does the atmosphere and the hydrosphere work together to do?
A: What do the atmosphere and the hydrosphere work together to do?
B: to allow the water cycle to constantly provide fresh water for Earth.
C: to keep ice caps from melting and sea levels from rising on Earth
D: to provide homes for most organisms living on Earth
E:to maintain a consistent temperature for life on Earth
Answer:
E........................
Answer:
e
Explanation:
it's just right now cmon
quiz;et which diagnostic test may be performed to evaluate blood flow within intracranial blood vessels?
The painless transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) test utilizes sound waves to look at the blood flow in your brain. To identify a medical problem that affects blood flow to and within the brain, which doctor advises to perform this test.
Ultrasound- An ultrasonic scan creates a picture of a person's interior body structures using high-frequency sound waves. Ultrasound is frequently used by medical professionals to examine a growing fetus (unborn child), a person's abdominal and pelvic organs, brain, heart, and blood vessels.
Sound Waves- The pattern of disturbance caused by energy traveling through a medium as it dissipates from the sound source is known as a sound wave.
To know more about Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography, click on the below link,
https://brainly.com/question/10947807
#SPJ4
the discovery that antibiotics like penicillin and oxytetracycline boost chicken weight gain by at least 10 percent led the department of agriculture to permit the use of antibiotics as additives
"The discovery that antibiotics like penicillin and oxytetracycline boost chicken weight gain by at least 10 percent led the department of agriculture to permit the use of antibiotics as additives", is a quote from a research paper named Agriculture and food animals as a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
What is the abstract of the research paper about?The discovery of antibiotics is without a doubt one of the greatest medical advances ever. Their application in veterinary care and animal husbandry has produced farm animals that are healthier and more productive, ensuring the welfare and health of both animals and people. Unfortunately, the resistance countdown began to run as soon as penicillin was used. Antibiotic resistance is currently the main public health issue as diseases brought on by bacteria resistant to antibiotics are on the rise. Farm animal antibiotic use has come under fire for being a factor in the establishment of resistance. Antibiotic consumption and resistance among bacteria in the animal habitat have increased as a result of the use and abuse of antibiotics in farm animal settings as growth boosters or as general illness prevention and treatment methods.
To learn more about antibiotics visit:
https://brainly.com/question/10868637
#SPJ4
7. one molecule of dietary glucose can be oxidized through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to generate a maximum of 32 molecules of atp. calculate the fraction of this energy that is lost when the glucose is stored as glycogen before it is catabolized.
6.25% of the energy contained in glucose is lost during the storage process. Glycolysis produces the molecules that are processed by the citric acid cycle.
Each dietary glucose molecule produces 32 molecules of ATP when it enters the glycolysis and oxidation pathways directly. A net 2 ATP are produced during glycolysis for every gram of glucose. Per glucose, the citric acid cycle generates an extra 2 ATP. 28 ATP are produced by oxidative phosphorylation using the byproducts of glucose catabolism. 32 ATP molecules are created in this way. A cell could potentially store dietary glucose for later use, in the form of glycogen. One ATP must be used in this process in order to create glucose-1-phosphate (G1P). After then, G1P and UTP (uridine triphosphate) combine to form uridine-diphospho-glucose (UDP-glucose or UDPG). The UTP substrate, which is used in this phase, indirectly consumes ATP. Glycogen synthase can then utilise UDPG directly in the production of glycogen. This implies that each additional molecule added to a glycogen polymer uses up two ATP molecules.If two ATP molecules are used up during the storage of glucose as glycogen, then 2/32 or 6.25% of the energy contained in glucose is lost during the storage process.Learn more about the Glycolysis with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/14076989
#SPJ4
cd103 and cd103 bronchial lymph node dendritic cells are specialized in presenting and cross-presenting innocuous antigen to cd4 and cd8 t cells.
The correct answer is because these cells are largely absent in CCR7(-/-) mice derived from the lung and that CCR7 expression is required for their migration from the lung to the draining lymph node.
Cross-presentation occurs when dendritic cells (DC) capture, process, and present exogenous Ag to CD8(+) T lymphocytes via MHC class I. We show that CD103(+) (CD11c(high)CD11b(low)) and CD103(-) (CD11c(int)CD11b(high)) DC in the lung-draining bronchial lymph node (brLN) have evolved to have opposing functions in presenting innocuous inhaled Ag. Thus, under tolerogenic conditions, CD103(-) DC present innocuous Ag to CD4(+) T cells, whereas CD103(+) DC, which do not express CD8alpha, present Ag exclusively to CD8(+) T cells. Ag-carrying CD103(+) DC are largely absent in the brLN of CCR7-deficient mice but not in plt/plt mice, despite the presence of CD103(+) DC in the lung of CCR7-deficient mice.
Learn more about dendritic cells here :-
https://brainly.com/question/13022334
#SPJ4
A root cell may continue to absorb minerals even though the concentration of the minerals is greater inside the cell than in the soil. This absorption is accomplished mainly by —.
A root cell may continue to absorb minerals even though the concentration of the minerals is greater inside the cell than in the soil. This absorption is accomplished mainly by active transport.
In the field of science, active transport can be described as a process by which molecules move against the concentration gradient from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. Such a process of transfer of molecules requires energy.
A root cell has the function to absorb minerals from the soil. It can continue to take up minerals from the soil even when the concentration of minerals is more in the cell rather than in the soil. The process of active transport will allow the root hair cell to draw minerals from the soil in such a circumstance.
To learn more about active transport, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/15895613
#SPJ4
novel ti plasmids in agrobacterium strains isolated from weeping fig and chrysanthemum tumors and their opine-like molecules. mol. plant-microbe interact
An extrachromosomal DNA molecule known as a "tumor-inducing plasmid," or "Ti-plasmid," is frequently identified in the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
In addition to other well-known opianes like nopaline, fig and chrysanthemum plant galls that strains of Agrobacterium naturally generated contained three tumor-specific opinelike compounds. Deoxy-fructosyl-glutamine (dfg), deoxy-fructosyl-5-oxo-proline (dfop), and chrysopine were the compounds that were identified. Based on hybridization with several vir and T-DNA probes, it was determined that the strains recovered from Fig tree and chrysanthemum tumors carried unique and unrelated Ti plasmids. They also showed various opine-catabolic characteristics. Chrysopine was metabolized by the strains isolated from fig trees and chrysanthemum plants (Chry strains), but only the Chry strains utilised dfg and dfop. Surprisingly, other Agrobacterium strains catabolized these two molecules: dfg was broken down by the majority of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Agrobacterium strains, and dfop by every Agrobacterium strain that breaks down agropinic acid. These findings support earlier hypotheses regarding the development of opine-related functions and have strong ecological and evolutionary implications.Learn more about the Ti plasmid with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/7926601
#SPJ4
This membranous organelle resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles.
The Golgi apparatus is a membranous organelle that resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles.
What is the Golgi apparatus?The Golgi apparatus is an organelle composed of many flattened membranes that serve to process and transport different macromolecules such as lipids in the endomembrane system.
In conclusion, the Golgi apparatus is a membranous organelle that resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles.
Learn more about the Golgi apparatus here:
https://brainly.com/question/143804
#SPJ1
how can environment subsidies be used to ensure sustainable development in South Africa
The economic system, the socio-political system, and the ecology are embedded within each other and then integrated through the governance system, which binds all the other systems in a valid way, according to the systems approach to sustainability that South Africa has embraced.
These objectives included addressing issues like social justice, water, sanitation, energy, the environment, gender equality, poverty, hunger, and climate change. Ensure that everyone has access to necessities including sustainable energy, water, and sanitation. Encourage the creation of possibilities for development through inclusive education and respectable employment. Encourage innovation and robust infrastructure to build towns and cities that can produce and consume things sustainably. Examples of Environmental Sustainability renewable energy sources include biomass, solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. recycling of minerals and metals like iron and steel. crop revolving.
Learn more about Sustainability
https://brainly.com/question/13353436
#SPJ9
How long does it take a modern scientist to collect data and adjust their theories in response to the data
1. Years
2. Days
3. Weeks
4. Months
Which layer is where most of the x-rays & gamma rays from the sun are absorbed and the ionosphere is found?.
The layer where most of the x-rays & gamma rays from the sun are absorbed and the ionosphere is found is Thermosphere.
The layer of incredibly rare air above the mesosphere is referred to as the thermosphere. The high-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun heat the thermosphere to hundreds or perhaps thousands of degrees. We would, however, feel quite cold in this stratum due to how thin the air is.
In many ways, the thermosphere is more like outer space than the atmosphere. Actually, lots of satellites orbit the planet inside the thermosphere! Variations in the energy coming from the Sun have a significant impact on the temperature and height of the top of this layer.
The ionosphere is not a discrete layer. The ionosphere, on the other hand, is a collection of places in some mesosphere and thermosphere where high-energy radiation from the Sun has jarred electrons free of their parent atoms and molecules. The ionosphere gets its name from the electrically charged atoms and molecules that are created in this process; these ions also give this region some unique features.
To know more about thermosphere visit the link:
https://brainly.com/question/22244343?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
Which TWO characteristics of phospholipids' orientation facilitate their function in the cell?
A
B
C
D
The inward-facing orientation of non-polar tails allows the bilayer to act as a barrier for charged and polar molecules entering and exiting the cell.
The inward-facing orientation of polar tails allows the bilayer to act as a barrier for charged and non-polar molecules entering and exiting the cell.
The outward-facing orientation of hydrophobic heads allows interactions between the cell and the aqueous environment.
The outward-facing orientation of hydrophilic heads allows interactions between the cell and the aqueous environment.
The outward-facing orientation of polar heads allows polar molecules to easily enter and exit the cell.
The two characteristics of phospholipids orientation that facilitate their function in the cell are as follows:
The outward-facing orientation of hydrophilic heads allows interactions between the cell and the aqueous environment.The inward-facing orientation of non-polar tails allows the bilayer to act as a barrier for charged and polar molecules entering and exiting the cell.What is the phospholipid bilayer?The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane consists of two layers of phospholipids, with a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head.
The head (polar region) of each phospholipid molecule is oriented towards the exterior of the bilayer while the tail (nonpolar region) of each phospholipid molecule is oriented towards the interior of the bilayer. This orientation is due to the hydrophobic effect.
Therefore, it can be said that the two characteristics of phospholipids orientation that facilitate their function in the cell are as follows:
The outward-facing orientation of hydrophilic heads allows interactions between the cell and the aqueous environment.The inward-facing orientation of non-polar tails allows the bilayer to act as a barrier for charged and polar molecules entering and exiting the cell.Learn more about phospholipid bilayer at:https://brainly.com/question/13198012
#SPJ1
A male bird with bright red plumage mates and has offspring, which also have bright red plumage. which characteristic of life is this an example of?
It would be heredity
Hope this helps
Imagine that a polypeptide (protein) was supposed to have 8 amino acids, but instead only has 3 amino acids. What is the cause and result?
A. Silent mutation; no impact to the function
B. Nonsense mutation; no impact to the function
C. Missense mutation; impact to the function
D. Nonsense mutation; impact to the function
The reason why there are fewer amino acids in the protein is because there is a nonsense mutation, resulting in an impact on function.
What is a nonsense mutation?Nonsense mutation occurs in DNA when there is a change in the sequence giving a termination codon instead of a specific amino acid codon, thus creating a shorter protein than the original. Being then this protein probably not functional.
This termination codon will be called a premature termination codon or a nonsense codon.
Therefore, we can confirm that the reason why there are fewer amino acids in the protein is because there is a nonsense mutation, resulting in an impact on function.
To learn more about nonsense mutation visit: https://brainly.com/question/9598940
#SPJ1
The order for organization of life in order from smallest to largest is:
A. Organ System, Cell, Organisms, Tissue, Atoms, Organ
B. Organ System, Organ, Tissue, Atoms, Cell, Organism
C. Atoms, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
D. Cell, Atoms, Organ, Organ System, Organisms, Tissues
kinesin i and cytoplasmic dynein orchestrate glucose-stimulated insulin-containing vesicle movements in clonal min6 β-cells.
In clonal MIN6 -cells, kinesin I and cytoplasmic dynein coordinate the migration of insulin-containing vesicles in response to glucose.
For prolonged insulin production, large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) must be mobilized by glucose and transported to the plasma membrane. The cytoskeletal components and molecular drivers involved in vesicle trafficking in -cells are still not well understood. Here, we discuss the simultaneous imaging of LDCVs and microtubules in -cells that have been tagged with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Vesicles travel along the tangled network of microtubules, which characterize intricate directional movements. Even though LDCVs frequently changed direction, suggesting the involvement of both plus- and minus-end directed motors, inactivating the minus-end motor, cytoplasmic dynein, only partially inhibited all vesicle movements that were involved in vesicle recovery after glucose-stimulated exocytosis. The plus-end motor, kinesin I, was selectively silenced by short interfering RNAs, which significantly reduced all vesicle motions. We determine that Kinesin I is primarily responsible for LDCV transport in -cells, while dynein is likely involved in the recovery of vesicles following rapid kiss-and-run exocytosis.
Learn more about insulin here:
https://brainly.com/question/28209571
#SPJ4
Which 3 organelles/cell parts help process waste in a animal cell?
A caldera is a crater which has:
Answer: become very large because of the collapse of its walls
Explanation:
A caldera is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time, structural support for the rock above the magma chamber is lost. The ground surface then collapses into the emptied or partially emptied magma chamber, leaving a large depression at the surface (from one to dozens of kilometers in diameter). Although sometimes described as a crater, the feature is actually a type of sinkhole, as it is formed through subsidence and collapse rather than an explosion or impact. Compared to the thousands of volcanic eruptions that occur each century, the formation of a caldera is a rare event, occurring only a few times per century. Only seven caldera-forming collapses are known to have occurred between 1911 and 2016. More recently, a caldera collapse occurred at Kīlauea, Hawaii in 2018.
black colored scales is dominant over white colored scales in a specific type of snake. a black colored snake (bb) is mated with a purebred, white colored snake (bb). if 8 eggs hatch, how many will likely have white scales?
Th progeny of black colored scale snake having white colored scale is half i.e. 4.
What is Allele?
At a specific genomic region, an allele is one of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of nucleotides). For each genomic region with such variation, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent. The person is homozygous for the allele if the two alleles are the same.
A dominant allele, which can come from just one parent, causes a dominant phenotype in those who possess one copy of the gene. A person needs two copies of a recessive allele, one from each parent, for it to result in a recessive phenotype. One dominant and one recessive allele for a gene will result in a person with the dominant phenotype.
Hence, The black snake will provide B or b. The white snake will always provide b. So the genotypes would be Bb half the time and bb the other half. Therefore, 50% of their offspring will have the genotype Bb. Since they had 8 eggs, it is likely that half, or 4, will be white.
To learn more about alleles visit the link:
https://brainly.com/question/14206531?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
the interactions between two proteins such as an antibody and an antigen or a hormone and its receptor are quite strong despite the fact that these interactions consist of relatively weak noncovalent bonds. how can this be?
This observation is explained by the concept of molecular complementarity.
Concept of molecular complementarity.
Because there are so many noncovalent interactions happening when proteins, such as an antibody and an antigen, match up in a way that creates many noncovalent bonds, even weak noncovalent bindings can effectively produce strong interactions between two proteins.
When the structures of molecules or macromolecules fit together, physical, non-covalent interactions cause them to associate reversibly with one another. This is known as molecular complementarity.
Why is molecular complementarity significant in biomolecules?Functions including information translation and storage, enzymatic operations, structural self-organization, and molecule defense against deteriorative processes all depend on molecular complementarity.
learn more about complementarity here
https://brainly.com/question/14723456
#SPJ4
extracellular vesicles carry distinct proteotranscriptomic signatures that are different from their cancer cell of origin
The translation, controlled destruction, mRNA turnover, and transcription of proteins all affect the proteotranscriptomic landscape.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in circulation carry lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA from the cell that produced them. As a result, EV-associated proteins and RNA have drawn a lot of attention as liquid-biopsy indicators. However, it is still unclear how the proteo-transcriptomic landscape of EVs compares to that of their cell of origin. The study present evidence that certain proteo-transcriptomes that are enriched by EVs do not linearly correlate with those that originate from those cells. Study demonstrate the enrichment of short RNA (13–200 nucleotides) involved in cell differentiation, development, and Wnt signaling as well as endosomal and extracellular proteins by EVs. RNY3, vtRNA, MIRLET-7, and the corresponding proteins YBX1, IGF2BP2, and SRSF1/2 are carried by EVs.Learn more about the Transcriptome with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/14783864
#SPJ4
Which of the following statements about meiosis is incorrect?
At the end of meiosis, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is reduced
to half of the number that was in the starting cell.
The end product of meiosis is four haploid cells.
Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells.
Meiosis involves pairing of homologous chromosomes
Answer:Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells.
Explanation:Meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. Mitosis are diploid and identical.
What are the two main types of allies ?
Answer: Here is seven types.
Sponsor.
Champion.
Advocate.
Amplifier.
Scholar.
Upstander.
Confidant.
Explanation:
What is the ultimate destination of the electrons that are extracted from glucose during cellular respiration?.
The ultimate destination of the electrons that are extracted from glucose during cellular respiration is that they are used to form water.
The stage of cellular respiration known as the electron transport chain, or ETC, is made up of protein complexes. It transfers the electron generated by the Kreb's cycle and glycolysis through a redox process (citric acid cycle).
By combining hydrogen and oxygen to generate a water molecule, the ETC first creates a gradient before reducing the molecular oxygen. Cellular respiration results in the release of water and carbon dioxide. The final electron carrier is the water that is thus created.
As a result, the electron in the ETC phase of cellular respiration ends up in a water molecule.
Here is another question with an answer similar to this about electron transport chain: brainly.com/question/16100459
#SPJ4
I need help asap, thx
Answer: A base
Explanation:
A periodic climatic change that causes the waters off the west coast of south america to warm.
A periodic climatic change that causes the waters off the west coast of South America to warm is known as EL Nino.
EL Nino happens after every few years. During El Nino, the trade winds blowing westward weaken along the equator. This change in air pressure pushes warm water to the east, that is towards the west coast of South America.
This periodic climatic change was first discovered in the 1600s when the local fishermen noticed warm waters. They named it El Niño de Navidad.
El Nino comes with severe effects on fishing, agriculture, and the weather in that area.
If you want to learn more about EL Nino, click here
https://brainly.com/question/18307318?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
transformation and procresses in the water and carbon. help!
vapor, precipitation, impurities, clear water, vapor.
Life on Earth depends on the movement of water and carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, and land. the use of water by humans, flora, and fauna, as well as the significance of water in maintaining life on the earth. The foundation of life on Earth is carbon. The carbon cycle shows how the element carbon naturally moves through the atmosphere in a variety of ways. The photosynthesis, respiration, exchange, sedimentation, extraction, and burning are the six main steps in the carbon cycle. The majority of these work with CO2, which is carbon. Plants employ carbon to create their leaves and stems, which animals ingest and use for cellular development.
Learn more about carbon here-
https://brainly.com/question/13719781
#SPJ9
Iculations. 1.2 If only the above food chain exists in an ecosystem, explain the effect of the death of the greenfly that ecosystem. 2 An investigation was carried out using 50g of each of three soil types: sand, loam and clay place n filter paper in a funnel. 80 ml of water was run through each soil. A measuring cylinder was plac elow each set of apparatus to collect the water. An incomplete set of results for the investigation is given in the table below: Amount of water grained through each soil (ml) Amount of water retained by each soil (ml) 2.2.1 Soil A 40 2.2.2 Soil B How much of water was retained by soil C? Which soil type (A, B or C) was sand? Give a reason for your answer. 2.2.3 Identify TWO factors that should be kept constant in this investigation. 15 Soil 25
3 soil types as mentioned in the experiment:
A: Sand
B: Loam
C: Clay
80 ml water was passed through each of them.
Small-sized particles are found in clayey soil, large-sized particles are found in sandy soil, and both sizes are found in equal amounts in loamy soil. Soil that is clayey has the largest potential to hold water.Since, the table having incomplete set of observations is not attached, it is difficult to answer the amount of water retained by each soil type. However, since it is mentioned that Soil A i.e., sand had 40 ml water below in the beaker. This means that 40 ml of water was retained by Sand. The factors that should be kept constant in this experiment is:Amount/ Mass of soil takenAmount of water run through each soil typeLearn more about water retention here:
https://brainly.com/question/14609621
#SPJ9
the characteristics of a malignant tumor are... high degree of anaplasia increase in vascularity rarely necrotic metastasizing
Neoplasia is an uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiologic control. A malignant cell is composed of cells that look like the normal cell of origin.
Neoplasia means new growth. when cells start dividing in an uncontrolled manner it leads to cancer. There are different classes of cancer such as sarcoma, lymphoma, and myeloma.
Malignant neoplasm cells are derived from epithelial cells and are called carcinomas. They are derived from connective tissues called sarcomas.
The characteristics of neoplasm include:
More rapid in size.Ability to invade surrounding tissues.Less differentiation.Prominent nucleoli.Causes of neoplasia:
ChemicalsOncogenes RadiationTherefore, Neoplasia is an uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiologic control. A malignant cell is composed of cells that look like the normal cell of origin.
To learn more about cancer, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/8590464
#SPJ4