When a muscular contraction takes place, the length of the sarcomeres as a whole is reduced as the actin and myosin filaments temporarily establish cross-bridge attachments and slide across one another.
Muscle fibers with myofibrils, which are smaller units, make up the skeletal muscle.Each myofibril is composed of three different types of proteins: contractile, regulatory, and structural proteins. Actin, a thin filament, and myosin are referred to as contractile proteins (thick filaments).Shortening of thick filaments occurs and in comparison to thick filaments, thin filaments glide.The neuromuscular junction, or synapses between a motoneuron and a muscle fiber, is where skeletal muscle contraction starts. Action potential propagation to the motoneuron and subsequent depolarization causes the presynaptic membrane's voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels to open.The sliding filament model of muscle contraction states that when sarcomeres shorten, thick and thin filaments move past one another. The energy required for cross-bridge creation and filament sliding is provided by ATP.Thus, The muscle fibers become tense and often shorten during contraction. The resting state of the muscle fiber is referred to as relaxation.
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Which table correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis?
The table that correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis is Table A.
What is the plasma membrane?The plasma membrane is a structure which surrounds the cell and its function is to separate the interior of the cell from the extracellular environment, thus maintaining the homeostasis of the cell since it will control what enters and leaves this cell.
This structure will be found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Therefore, we can confirm that the table that correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis is Table A.
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Writing has existed for 5,400 years. Modern humans have a great capacity to read, but 5,400 years is not enough time for humans to have evolved this ability. Therefore, the capacity to read was already natural to homo sapiens. True or false?.
It is a true statement that the capacity to read was already natural to homo sapiens.
What is evolution?The term evolution has to do with the changes that occur in an organism. We know that from the evolution theory, an organism tends to pass through many stages before it gets to the present stage that it is in the now.
We are told in the question that Writing has existed for 5,400 years. We know that the evolution of the modern man has taken so many million years to ago and that the process of evolution is still ongoing today. The modern man is called Homo Sapiens. Modern humans have a great capacity to read, but 5,400 years is not enough time for humans to have evolved this ability.
It is therefore a true statement from the foregoing that the capacity to read was already natural to homo sapiens.
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A farmer working on a piece of machinery gets his shirtsleeve caught in a moving piece of the equipment. His shirt is sliced, and a sharp
blade covered in mud slices through his upper arm. He attempts to control the bleeding and immediately seeks medical attention. After 3
days, he develops a fever and his arm becomes extremely swollen and painful. Pulling back the bandages, he finds that the wound has
become blackened and is leaking bloody fluid. Microscopic analysis of the fluid reveals the presence of gram-positive bacilli.
a. Discuss what condition the patient is suffering from and the likely causative agent of this infection.
b. Explain how the patient contracted this pathogenic microbe and what virulence factors contributed to the pathogenesis seen at
the wound site.
c. In addition to antibiotics, the physician prescribes hyperbaric therapy. Describe what this treatment involves and how it could be
therapeutic to this patient
Based on the bacterial characterisation, we can determine that this is a gram-positive bacterium, and based on the symptoms and biopsy, we can also conclude that it is most likely bacilli.
From the evidence obtained from bacterial characterization, it is possible to allude the symptoms to a gram-positive bacterium. It is also plausible to conclude that it is most likely bacilli based on the symptoms and biopsy. It is obvious he had a fever, a swollen arm, and black skin which furthers supports the bacterium assumption. The bacterium responsible was most likely from Clostridium perforation. The bandage kept on for some days allowed the bacterial growth resulting in gangrene. To be sure of these assumptions, more testing, however, are required to identify this bacterium as the source of the illness. Necrosis or necrosis of muscle tissue distinguishes gangrene. This infection is mainly acquired through wounds and contact with soil particles, as we noticed in the patient's arm.
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if a person eats one hard-boiled egg and digests the egg fully, cellular respiration will convert most of this energy into
If a person eats one hard-boiled egg and digests the egg fully, cellular respiration will convert most of this energy into heat.
The process of cellular respiration is just like the process of burning. When a person eats a hard-boiled egg and energy from is consumed in cellular respiration, then in the end most of it will be converted into heat.
Although as a result of ATP is produced but energy is also lost as heat during cellular respiration. Most of the energy from glucose that is used in cellular respiration is dissipated as heat.
The process of cellular respiration is opposite to that of photosynthesis. In the process of photosynthesis, glucose is made. In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is utilized.
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When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. How does this affect the sustainability of the ecosystem?.
Answer:
Lets say that one link was removed from the food web, that would make that ecosystem no longer exist.
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the many different disciplines that are used to study environmental science include biology, chemistry, economics, and political science.
The above statement 'the many different disciplines that are used to study environmental science include biology, chemistry, economics, and political science is true.
The field of environmental sciences is an interdisciplinary one as it relates to various other sciences.
In the field of environmental studies, the main area of focus study is the environment, environmental concerns, and its solution. As an environment is influenced by living as well as nonliving things hence biology and chemistry integrate into this science. Also, as the environment of a country plays an important role in economics hence the fields of environmental studies and economics are also related to each other. Political studies is also an aspect of environmental studies because the politics of a country can manage or disrupt a particular environment.
Environmental studies focus on how human beings interpret the environment and they are influencing the environment.
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What would the answer be? I need it asap!!!
Answer:
Galactose
Explanation:
The enzyme 2 that acts on galactose will be unavailable hence Galactose will increase
which list contains an item that does not belong with the others? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices sympathetic nervous system, increases heart rate, slows digestion parasympathetic nervous system, increases respiration, stimulates digestion sympathetic nervous system, dilates pupils, relaxes bladder parasympathetic nervous system, contracts pupils, stimulates blood flow to the genitals
Answer: parasympathetic nervous system increase respiration stimulates digestion
Explanation:
i took one for the team
Parasympathetic nervous system, increase respiration and stimulates digestion sympathetic nervous system are the list contains an item that does not belong with the other.
What is parasympathetic nervous system?It very well may be called your "programmed" sensory system, as it's answerable for some capabilities that you don't need to contemplate to control. This can incorporate control of your pulse, circulatory strain, absorption, pee and perspiring, among different capabilities.
The parasympathetic piece of your autonomic sensory system adjusts your thoughtful sensory system. While your thoughtful sensory system controls your body's "survival" reaction, your parasympathetic sensory system assists with controlling your body's reaction during seasons of rest.
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How well do adolescents handle adolescence according to more recent studies?
Answer:
adolescents cannot control adolescence according to more recent studies.
Explanation:
But they should be aware of it.
True or False? Wet soil is easily picked up by the wind and carried away.
Answer: False
Explanation: I think false because if it is wet it must have absorbed lots of water and when things get wet they get heavier, for example a washcloth when it gets wet it's weight changes and you can tell just by picking it up. ( sorry this made no sense lol)
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Because when a thing is wet it becomes more heavy than when dried
given that the glomerular filtration rate of a substance is 100 mg/min, the secretion rate is 20 mg/min and the reabsorption of this substance is 30 mg/min. what is the excretion rate of this substance from the body in mg/min?
The excretion rate of the substance from the body is 50 mg/min.
The glomerular filtration rate depends on the secretion rate, reabsorption rate, and excretion rate.
Glomerular filtration rate = Secretion rate + Reabsorption rate + Excretion rate
Glomerular Filteration Rate- The volume of plasma filtered by the glomeruli in a given amount of time is known as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and it is often calculated by measuring the rate at which a drug is cleared from the plasma. The National Kidney Foundation states that typical findings fall between 90 and 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. GFR levels will be lower in older individuals than usual since GFR declines with age.
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with age, small crystals or clumps of gel may form in the vitreous humor of the eye that cast shadows on the retina. what are these tiny objects called?
With age, small crystals or clumps of gel may form in the vitreous humor of the eye that cast shadows on the retina. These tiny objects are called floaters.
Vitreous humor is a transparent gel-like liquid present between the lens and the retina of the eye. The vitreous serves various purposes like: providing nourishment to the lens, supporting eye growth and also support the retina.
Eye floaters are the tiny spots in the vision. They are black or grey in color that move along with the eye movement. The floaters are normal to appear with the old age. However if the floaters are more than usual, then consultation with the doctor is essential.
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a(n) period is a brief time following a nerve impulse when the membrane is unresponsive to an ordinary stimulus.
A refractory period is a brief time following a nerve impulse when the membrane is unresponsive to an ordinary stimulus.
What is refractive period?The refractory period occurs just after the ongoing the intercourse come to an ends.
It implies to the time in between having an release also the feeling ready to be intercourse arises again. It is also referred to as the resolution stage.
This physiological response is basically accompanied by a psychological refractory period in which the individual is usually not that much indulged in intercourse.
Oxytocin, also the one acting as the bonding chemical, as it is experienced by females either after intercourse or during maternal activities like one as childbirth and feeding, can aids in relaxation in men, contributing to the contentedly initial state after release.
The brief time after a nerve impulse is referred as refractory period when the membrane is unresponsive to an ordinary stimulus.
Thus, the answer is refractory period.
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. identify the most accurate way to classify the type of caries seen on the maxillary anterior teeth. a. root caries b. recurrent caries c. rampant caries d. facial / lingual caries
The most common type of caries seen on the maxillary anterior teeth are (c) rampant caries.
Caries is a disease of the teeth where they suffer tooth decay or formation of cavities. In simple terms, it is the destruction of teeth. The causes for dental caries can be: improper brushing, eating too much sugary food, growth of bacteria in mouth, etc.
Maxillary anterior teeth are the ones formed at the maxillary jawbone. The types of teeth present are: top incisors, molars, premolars, and canines. They suffer from rampant caries where lesions appear on the teeth. The healthy teeth also are affected in this.
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pacinian corpuscles - deep pressure and vibration meissner corpuscles - light touch merkel cells (discs) - deep pressure and texture ruffini endings - stretch ree nerve endings - pain and temperature
An onion-shaped nonneural (connective) tissue structure called a Pacinian corpuscle is built around a nerve ending to lessen the mechanical sensitivity of the nerve terminal itself.
One of the four main types of mechanoreceptors (specialized nerve endings with adventitious tissue for mechanical sensing) found in mammalian skin is the Pacinian corpuscle, also known as the lamellar corpuscle or the Vater-Pacini corpuscle. Both hirsute (hairy) and glabrous (hairless) skin, viscera, joints, and the periosteum of bone include this type of mechanoreceptor, which is principally in charge of sensitivity to vibration. A small number of them are also susceptible to low frequency or quasi-static pressure stimuli. The majority of them only react to abrupt perturbations and are particularly sensitive to vibrations at frequencies under a few hundred Hz. The vibrational role could be utilized to distinguish between smooth and rough surfaces, for example. A large portion of Pacinian corpuscles functions as quickly adapting mechanoreceptors.
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When you consume foods, digestion begins in the mouth where the chewed food encounters this enzyme.
When you consume foods, digestion begins in the mouth where the chewed food encounters this enzyme called salivary amylase.
In what enzymes does the mouth ?Saliva has unique enzymes that aid in the digestion of the carbs in your diet. Starches, which are complex carbs, are broken down by an enzyme called amylase into sugars, which your body can absorb more readily. Additionally, lingual lipase, an enzyme that breaks down fats, is present in saliva.
The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth. The salivary enzyme amylase begins the breakdown of food starches into maltose, a diasaccharide.
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whole-exome sequencing reveals a novel mutation of flna gene in an iranian family with nonsyndromic tetralogy of fallot
Objective: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common congenital abnormalities that want early intervention. Here, for the first time, we file a nonsyndromic form of TOF triggered with the aid of a novel variant in the FLNA gene in two siblings of an Iranian family.
Methods: The family underwent a whole workup, including karyotyping, sequencing of 6 common genes in congenital heart diseases (GATA4, NKX2-5, ZIC3, FOXH1, NODAL, and GJA1), array comparative genomic hybridization, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and whole-exome sequencing. Segregation and in silico analysis were also conducted for the identified variant.
Results: A variant, c.3415C>T, in the FLNA gene was determined in both affected brothers in this family; this variant used to be heterozygous in their mother. Bioinformatics tools anticipated the variant as a pathogenic one.
Conclusion: Many allelic issues have been said for FLNA mutations. Mutations in this gene may additionally reason a nonsyndromic congenital form of TOF.
The Principle of Segregation describes how pairs of gene variants are separated into reproductive cells. The segregation of gene variants, referred to as alleles, and their corresponding characteristics used to be first located with the aid of Gregor Mendel in 1865. Mendel was once studying genetics by performing mating crosses in pea plants.
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The most striking property of the noble gases is their inactivity.
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The most significant property of the noble gases (group 18) is their inactivity. They occur in low concentrations in the atmosphere . They find uses as inert atmospheres, neon signs, and as coolants. The three heaviest noble gases react with fluorine to form fluorides.
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the process by which the information in a gene directs the synthesis of a protein is called . question 6 options: replication post translation modification gene expression cloning
The process by which the information in a gene directs the synthesis of a protein is called translation. The correct option is B.
What is translation?Translation is the process by which mRNA directs protein synthesis with the help of tRNA.
The ribosome is a massive complex made up of RNA and protein molecules. Each three-base stretch of mRNA (triplet) is referred to as a codon, and each codon contains information for a single amino acid.
The process of copying genetic information encoded in DNA onto an mRNA strand that directs protein synthesis.
The process of determining the amino acid sequence of a protein by reading the mRNA nucleotide sequence.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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° F= 418, °C and K?
Answer:
Celsius- 214.44 degrees
Kelvin- 487.594K
Explanation:
kelvin- (° F 418 -32) x 5/9 +273.15= 487.594K
Celsius- (° F 418- 32)x 5/9 - 214.444 C
the receptors for the sense of dynamic equilibrium are housed in what portion of the bony labyrinth?
The sensory crista of the bony labyrinth, present in the inner ear contains specific receptors that sense movements in the body and maintain dynamic equilibrium.
What is the structure of the ear?
There are three interconnecting sections in which the ear is divided. It is the external, middle, and inner ears. In the external and middle ears, the main functions performed are the transmission of sound. The inner ear has the cochlea, which is called the organ of hearing, it is also the region for the body’s organ of balance called the peripheral vestibular apparatus.
The cochlea has the Corti which response to different sound frequencies. The part of the ear responsible for maintaining balance, coordinating the position of the head, and eye movement is the peripheral vestibular apparatus.
Therefore, the sensory crista of the bony labyrinth, present in the inner ear contains specific receptors that sense movements in the body and maintain dynamic equilibrium.
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Which statement best explains the relationship between HbS allele frequency and malaria endemicity in Africa?
The frequency of the HbS allele ranges from 0 to 2.02 when there is no malaria in a region.
From the two maps provided, it is clear that they show the prevalence of malaria and sickle cell hemoglobin alleles, respectively, in Africa.
The heat map shows lighter red hues in the areas where malaria outbreaks were nonexistent. This demonstrates that, according to the map, the frequency of the HbS allele ranges from 0 to 2.02.
The sickle cell hemoglobin allele, or HbS, confers immunity from malaria. This is due to the selective advantage that people with the sickle cell allele have in regions with a high prevalence of malaria.
Therefore, in the malaria holoendemic (most people are infected) zone, natural selection will prefer the group that carries the HbS allele. In this population, a high frequency of the HbS allele is anticipated.
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Which statement best explains the relationship between HbS allele frequency and malaria endemicity in Africa?
When an area is malaria free, the HbS allele frequency is between 0 and 2.02. When an area is holoendemic, the HbS allele frequency is between 0.52 and 4.04. When an area is malaria free, the HbS allele frequency is between 12.64 and 18.18. When an area is holoendemic, the HbS allele frequency is between 0 and 0.51.
Select the correct answer. john stretched while his muscles were cold. which negative effect could occur? a. blood might not flow to his limbs. b. his strength could decrease quickly. c. he could injure or pull a muscle. d. oxygen might not reach his muscles.
The correct answer is [c] he could injure or pull a muscle.
When stretching, it's important to make sure your muscles are prepared because they are more pliable in the heat, making summer the best time to practice stretching. This is why we typically stop stretching during the winter in sports.
How do blood circulate?Large and muscular in nature, the heart constantly pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the brain and extremities while also pumping oxygen-poor blood from the brain and extremities to the lungs. Blood is pumped into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs from right ventricle after entering the right atrium from the body. After absorbing the oxygen, the blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, passing through the left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta before leaving the body through the tissues.
In 14 steps, blood flows through the heart in the following order: 1) body –> 2) the inferior/superior vena cava –> 3) the right atrium –> 4) the tricuspid valve –> 5) the right ventricle –> 6) the pulmonary arteries –> 7) lungs –> 8) the pulmonary veins –> 9) the left atrium –> 10) the mitral or bicuspid valve –> 11) the left ventricle –> 12) the aortic valve –> 13) the aorta –> 14) body.
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snyder m, kish t. sertraline-induced rhabdomyolysis: a case report and literature review. am j ther 2016;23:e561-5
snyder m, kish t. sertraline-induced rhabdomyolysis: a case report and literature review. am j ther 2016;23:e561-5
A case of sertraline-induced rhabdomyolysis in a female patient with a history of depression is the focus of this investigation.
A Hispanic lady in her 25s with a history of depression provided to the emergency room (ED) with the primary grievance of muscle discomfort and edema as well as black urine. Creatine phosphokinase for the affected person became 15,103 U/L. The patient had IV ordinary saline remedy, but their symptoms remained. On day 2, their creatine phosphokinase degree peaked at sixteen,778 U/L.
The affected person's prescription records changed into only noteworthy for sertraline, and he or she claimed to have finished a difficult but everyday exercising the day earlier than displaying up at the emergency department. notably, sertraline changed into upped from a hundred mg day by day to 150 mg every day six weeks previous to her ED visit.
Sertraline and latest exercise had been each suspected as contributing factors to the affected person's rhabdomyolysis.
5 case reviews have described the rhabdomyolysis that an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) reasons. similar to the majority of memories, our patient had rhabdomyolysis after taking an SSRI and exercising. Our patient, in evaluation to the majority of earlier debts, was now not taking any additional drugs recognized to be related to rhabdomyolysis and had engaged in everyday workout before supplying with the condition.
Sertraline may additionally play a role in muscle contraction and relaxation, ensuing in a shorter time to contracture and an extended period of contraction, consistent with a concept, even supposing the mechanism of SSRI-prompted rhabdomyolysis is unknown.
Sertraline and different SSRI use, especially whilst combined with full of life interest, may additionally growth the risk of developing rhabdomyolysis.
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What enabled Europe to establish trade networks at this time?
1. most of the scientific ideas where being generated in Europe
2. they had the best armies
3. many inventors and scientists make discoveries during this time
4. control over fleets of ships
Answer:
many inventors and scientists make discoveries during this time
Explanation:
Advances in navigation, cartography, and military technology allowed Europeans to establish overseas colonies and empires. These included compasses , portolani maps, astrolabe, guns and gunpowder
Scientists who study
ocean temperatures
have seen
A. that the ocean is recently becoming colder
B. that the ocean is recently becoming warmer
C. that the ocean temperatures are not changing at all
000
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The lionfish is a venomous type of fish that is native to the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea but was introduced into the Western Atlantic Ocean. They are predators that eat any other type of fish or invertebrate that fits in its mouth, and reproduce faster than the fish native to this area. What kind of negative impact does the lionfish have on native fish species?
A. Competition for finding a mate decreases, making it easier for other native fish species to reproduce.
B. Competition for survival decreases, making it easier for both lion fish species and native fish species to survive.
C. Competition for food increases, leaving less available food for other native fish species to eat.
D. Competition for spreading disease increases, leaving fewer lionfish available to reproduce.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
a species like this is typically called invasive, where they can harm the ecosystem from total domination of many layers of the food chain. because the lionfish eats so much, there will be loss food for other species to consume, causing some to die of starvation
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A model organism is a species that researchers study to better understand certain biological processes. Mollusks and arthropods are commonly used as model organisms for studying mechanisms of learning and memory, while sponges and jellyfish are not. Why is this?
Mollusks and arthropods are commonly used as model organisms for studying mechanisms of learning and memory because they have sophisticated specialized nerve systems that allow them to rapidly respond to environmental stimuli, while sponges and jellyfish do not have these features.
What are model organisms?Model organisms are life forms whose features are advantageous to study a given cellular or biological process, for example, signaling pathways in animals closely related to the human species.
These advantageous features in animal models may include for example a rapid generation time for the development of many offspring in the same generation of individuals.
In conclusion, mollusks and arthropods are commonly used as model organisms for studying mechanisms of learning and memory because they have sophisticated specialized nerve systems that allow them to rapidly respond to environmental stimuli, while sponges and jellyfish do not have these features.
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damage in systemic lupus erythematosus results from the formation of antigen/antibody complexes medicated by
Dust from agricultural processes
and construction constitutes
WHAT type of air pollution?
A. Suspended Particulate Matter
B. Ozone
C. Nitrogen Oxides
D. Carbon
Answer:
A. Suspended Particulate Matter