Write the number of significant figures

Ionization energy tends to drop from the top to the bottom of a group as electrons move away from the nucleus.

All elements in the periodic table possess ionisation energy, also known as ionisation potential.

It is the energy needed to remove one electron from a neutral atom, which results in the formation of an ion.

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the question you are looking for is

Which best explains why ionization energy tends to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group?

A.The number of orbitals decreases.

B.The number of neutrons decreases.

C.Electrons get closer to the nucleus.

D.Electrons get farther from the nucleus.

Using an empirical approach when attempting to answer mean your answer should be based on data that is backed by experiments and evidence.

It is an experiment-based approach based on real-world data and results. The empirical approach-based answer should not be made up of theories and concepts. Your calculations and results should be based on experiences in the real world. Empirical research can be Quantitative research (information based on numerical data) or Qualitative (non-numerical).

On the other hand, non-empirical or theoretical answers are based on theories and concepts that have not been experimented as of now.

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The balanced chemical equation is CaCO3---> CaO+CO2 and the mass of the used limestone is 5.0 kg

The heating of limestone yields calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. It is a decomposition reaction.

The reaction is as follows;

CaCO3---> CaO+CO2

According to the law of conservation of mass, mass is conserved in a reaction,

So the mass of limestone used will be (2.8+2.2=5.0 kg)

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The largest pH lowering agent is HNO3 . We need to add more H3O+ to the solution in order to reduce the pH.

There are two ways to measure pH: colorimetrically with indicator fluids or sheets and electrochemically with electrodes and a millivoltmeter for greater accuracy (pH meter).

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Half-reaction for the cell's anode is given below:

Anode : [tex]\\Sn(s) \rightarrow Sn^{2+} (aq) +2e^{-}[/tex]

The anode is defined as the electrode at which electrons leave the cell and oxidation occurs, and the cathode as the electrode at which electrons enter the cell and reduction occurs. The anode is usually the positive side.

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Your given question is quite incomplete here is complete question.

A voltaic cell is based on the reduction of _ Agt(aq) to Ag(s) and the oxidation of Sn(s) to Sn2+(aql) : Part 1  Include the phases of all species in the chemical equation: (aqh Anode: Sn(s) Sn?+ (aq)

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Answer:

310 u

Explanation:

Hence, the formula unit mass for Ca 3 ( PO 4 ) 2 is 310 u .

Solution a is more basic.

Basic solutions are those solutions whose pH is greater than 7.

The pH of a solution is calculated or determined by the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution. The relation between pH of a solution and the hydrogen ion concentration in it is given by :

pH = -log[ H+]

From this relation we can conclude that if the hydrogen ions concentration in a solution is more , the value of pH will become lower.

For Solution a, the pH is given by :

pH(a) = -log [ 3.2 x 10^-9 ] = 8.4948 ≅ 8.5

For Solution b, the pH is given by :

pH(b) = -log [ 9 x 10^-5 ] = 4.04 ≅ 4

Since the pH of solution b is lower than the pH of solution a , solution a is more basic than solution b. Moreover, the pH of solution a is approximately 8.5 which makes it a moderately strong basic solution.

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Taking into account the rule of three, you eat 480 kcal.

The rule of three is a way of solving problems of proportionality between three known values and an unknown value, establishing a relationship of proportionality between all of them.

That is, what is intended with it is to find the fourth term of a proportion knowing the other three.  

If the relationship between the magnitudes is direct, the direct rule of three must be applied as follow, being a, b and c known data and x the variable to be calculated:

a ⇒ b

c ⇒ x

So: x= (c×b)÷ a

To know the mass of eaten gummy bears, the following rule of three applies: if 1 gummy bear weighs 3 g, 40 gummy bears weigh how much mass?

1 gummy bear ⇒ 3 g

40 gummy bears ⇒ x

So: x= (40 gummy bears× 3 g)÷ 1 gummy bear

Solving:

x= 120 g

If gummy bears are 100% carbohydrates and carbohydrates are 4 kcal/g, the following rule of three applies: If 1 g has 4 kcal, 120 g has how many kcal?

1 g ⇒ 4 kcal

120 g⇒ x

So: x= (120 g× 4 kcal)÷ 1 g

Solving:

x= 480 kcal

In summary, you eat 480 kcal.

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The average atomic mass of strontium reported to two decimal places is 87.62 amu

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If the bears don't pack on enough pounds before they hibernate, they won't enough energy that will sustain them during the hibernation period.

Hibernation is a condition when an animal slows its heart rate to save energy and survive the winter without eating much.

Some animals just slow down and move less frequently during hibernation, but others go into a deep sleep and don't wake up till spring.

If the bears don't pack on enough pounds before they hibernate, they won't return to the mountains to den for the winter.

Packing on enough pounds will provide them with enough energy that will sustain them during the hibernation period.

Thus, If the bears don't pack on enough pounds before they hibernate, they won't enough energy that will sustain them during the hibernation period.

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Based on the Law of conservation of mass, the product form when baking soda decomposes is also 25 g.

NaHCO₃ => Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

reactant mass = product mass  (law of conservation)

The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any machine close to all transfers of rely and energy, the mass of the gadget has to remain consistent over the years because the gadget's mass cannot alternate, so the amount can neither be added nor be removed.

The law of conservation of mass states that during a chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed. as example, the carbon atom in coal turns into carbon dioxide while it is burned. The carbon atom modifications from a strong shape to a gas however its mass does not trade.

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KMnO4; NaMnO4; LiMnO4

FeO ; FeCl2; FeS ; FeSO4

HBrO3; KBrO3; NaBrO3; LiBrO3

PbO2; PbS2; Pb(SO4)2; Pb(CO3)2

Ionic compounds are made up of charged particles called ions, which are created when an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses an electron. An ion is classified as either positively or negatively charged depending on its charge.

Chemical formulas for compounds that simply specify the proportions of the elements they contain rather than the exact number or arrangement of atoms are known as empirical formulas. The element in the compound with the lowest whole number ratio would be this one.

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The charge on histone octamer at ph7 is +146.

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The liquid with a total mass of 88.30 grams and a volume of 165.0 milliliters has a density of: 0.5351 g/ml

To solve this problem the formula and the procedure that we have to use  is:

d = m/v

Where:

Information about the problem:

Applying the density  formula we get:

d = m/v

d = 88.30 g/165.0 ml

d = 0.5351 g/ml

It is a physical quantity that expresses the ratio of the body mass to the volume it occupies.

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The experiments of wöhler, kolbe, miller, and other chemists invalidated the concept of vitalism by demonstrating that B) organic molecules could be produced apart from living organisms using inorganic materials.

Concept of vitalism propose that organic molecules could only be synthesised by living organism. Modern science said that vitalism has no credibility.

Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (1818 - 1884) contributed to invalidate the concept of vitalism. He made the organic substance acetic acid from inorganic carbon disulfide.

Friedrich Wöhler (1800 - 1882) synthesis of the organic compound urea from inorganic substances.

Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical things of the environment.

Abiotic factors can include water, light, radiation, temperature, humidity, atmosphere, and soil.

On the contrary, biotic factors are all of the living organisms within an ecosystem.

Missing options:

A) carbon atoms were common in both living organisms and nonliving substances such as rocks and soil

B) organic molecules could be produced apart from living organisms using inorganic materials

C) tissues extracted from living organisms could still promote organic reactions

D) one organic substance could be transformed into another organic substance

E) complex organic substances are the result of a series of sequential synthetic reactions occurring in both living organisms and nonliving systems.

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The concentration of Urea in final solution will be [tex].00725[/tex] M.

We know that

[tex]M_1/M_2 = V_1/V_2[/tex]

where

[tex]M_1[/tex] is the concentration of solute in first solution

[tex]M_2[/tex]  is the concentration of solute in second solution

[tex]V_1[/tex] is the volume of first solution

[tex]V_2[/tex] is the volume of second solution

According to question,

Solute is Urea whose molecular weight is 60gm

1,75 gram of urea is used

Therefore moles of urea used =  [tex]1.75/60[/tex]

                                                  =   .029

Molarity of urea =  [tex].029/1L[/tex]

                           = .029

Volume of first solution = 5ml

Volume of second solution = 20ml   ( [tex]25 - 5 = 20[/tex])

Therefore,

             [tex].029/M_2 = 5/20[/tex]

[tex]M_2 = .00725[/tex]

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Answer:

The reason why solids and liquids can't compress is because there  is no space between the individual particles, so they cannot pack together

Explanation:

The kinetic-molecular theory explains why gases are more compressible than either liquids or solids. Gases are compressible because most of the volume of a gas is composed of the large amounts of empty space between the gas particles.

Substance X - compound because it is a combination of elements

Substance Y - Mixture because it is a  combination of substances

Substances Z - Element because it contains atoms

Substance T -   compound because it is a combination of elements

We know that an atom is the smallest particle of a substance that can take part in a chemical reaction. A compound is formed by a mixture of atoms. An element is obtained as the smallest independent part of a substance.

Now let use classify the samples shown in the images attached.

Substance X - compound because it is a combination of elements

Substance Y - Mixture because it is a  combination of substances

Substances Z - Element because it contains atoms

Substance T -   compound because it is a combination of elements

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The ground state electron configuration of the element is; 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2.

The mass spectrum shows the identity of an element. We can use it to identify the number of isotopes in the elements as well as the abundance of each of the isotopes.

Now, the element that is here has three isotopes, the element is magnesium. We can obtain the relative atomic mass as the sum of the products of the mass of each isotope and its relative abundance. The ground state electron configuration of the element is; 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2.

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We could use a large size sieve to separate large stones from pear sized gravel. Option A

A sieve is a device that could be used for separation. When we are carrying out separation using a sieve, the separation is done according to the sizes of the materials. We know that the sieve allows a given size of the material to pass through while holding back the other sizes.

In this case, we can see a sieve that has been pictured in the question. The size of the sieve is what determines the kind of things that it could separate. As such, we could use a large size sieve to separate large stones from pear sized gravel. Option A

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The solubility product is 4n³.

The equilibrium constant for a solid's dissolving into an aqueous solution is called the solubility product constant. It is represented as K(sp).

A solution is said to be saturated when it has dissolved all of the solutes it can. At a certain temperature, no additional solute can dissolve in a saturated solution.

Consider the equilibrium for a saturated PbCl₂ aqueous solution.

PbCl₂(s) ⇄⇄ Pb₂ (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq)

The equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction of the PbCl₂ solution is:

K(sp) = [Pb²⁺] [Cl⁻]²

Now, [Pb²⁺] = n mol/L

In the solution, there is one-mole Pb²⁺ and two moles of Cl⁻ .

Therefore,

[Cl⁻] = 2n mol/L

So, the equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction will be:

K(sp) = [Pb²⁺] [Cl⁻]²

K(sp) = n × (2n)²

K(sp) = n × 2n × 2n

K(sp) = 4n³

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The reason why this small change between Neon and sodium cause a very big effect is simply because neon is a noble gas with an octet structure in its electronic configuration while sodium is an alkali metal which is univalent electropositive element.

However, despite the fact that these two different elements has a difference of one electron in their outermost shell, yet they individually carry and posses very powerful electronic structure due to their position in the periodic table which makes them react differently

An element can simply be a chemical substance which cannot be split into simpler forms by an ordinary chemical process.

Consider the following differences between Neon and sodium in the periodic table:

So therefore, the reason why this small change between Neon and sodium cause a very big effect is simply because neon is a noble gas with an octet structure in its electronic configuration while sodium is an alkali metal which is univalent electropositive element.

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Answer:

variables because they can change or be changed

The large piece of jewelry  that has a mass of 132.6 g and when is submerged in a graduated cylinder that initially contains 48.6 ml water and the volume increases to 61.2 ml once the piece of jewelry is submerged, has a density of: 10.523 g/ml

To solve this problem the formulas and the procedures that we have to use  are:

Where:

Information about the problem:

Applying the volume formula we get:

v = v(f)-v(i)

v = 61.2 ml - 48.6 ml

v = 12.6 ml

Applying the density  formula we get:

d = m/v

d = 132.6 g/12.6 ml

d = 10.523 g/ml

It is a physical quantity that expresses the ratio of the body mass to the volume it occupies.

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The following elements are given in the table:

For the complete table, refer attachment.

Simple rules can be used to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, mass number and atomic number in an atom:

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The article aims to highlight the most recent improvements in the PCET procedures for electrocatalysis at clearly characterized electrode–electrolyte interfaces.

Aim : Here, we focus on the most recent developments in the PCET methods for electrocatalysis at clearly defined electrode–electrolyte interfaces.

Method: Since the groundbreaking and ongoing studies made by Frumkin and his colleagues initiated in the 1930s, non-covalent interaction, which is controlled by the cation/anion features, is known to play a crucial role in the interfacial water and adsorbate environments correlated to electrode–electrolyte catalytic properties.

The microscopic perspective of this interaction is still a significant scientific mystery, nevertheless. Recent research based on the well-defined surface and solid-liquid interfacial structure of single-crystal model electrodes revealed novel characteristics of the cation effect.

Practical usage: Designing high-performance electrode and electrolyte materials requires an understanding of the roles played by the electrical double layer (EDL) structure in proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) electrode processes.

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