Cellulose is an especially strong polymer that is difficult to digest because β 1→4 linkages of glucose monomers produce very strong chainsβ 1→4 linkages of glucose monomers produce very strong chains.
What is cellulose?Cellulose is a biopolymer composed of glucose molecules linked by β 1→4 glycosidic bonds. It is a biomolecule synthesized by plants, but animals do not have the enzymatic material to be able to digest this molecule, neither do human beings.
Therefore, we can confirm that cellulose is an especially strong polymer that is difficult to digest because β 1→4 linkages of glucose monomers produce very strong chainsβ 1→4 linkages of glucose monomers produce very strong chains.
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Homo _____ is the only surviving species of the genus Homo (choose your answer… sapiens, erectus or habilis). The first modern human trait to evolve was ______ (choose your answer… bipedalism, symbolic language or a massive skull), which allowed early humans to walk upright and use ______ (choose your answer… tools, fire or language).
Answer: Homo Sapiens is the only surviving species of the genus Homo (choose your answer… sapiens, erectus or habilis). The first modern human trait to evolve was bipedalism (choose your answer… bipedalism, symbolic language or a massive skull), which allowed early humans to walk upright and use tools (choose your answer… tools, fire or language).
Explanation:
macrophage are immune system cells that patrol the blood and body tissues. when a macrophage finds a foreign invader, the macrophage ingests (takes in) the foreign invader and then chemically digests (breaks down) that foreign invader. to perform this frequent chemical digestion, macrophage have more than the average body cell.
macrophage are immune system cells that patrol the blood and body tissues. when a macrophage finds a foreign invader, the macrophage ingests (takes in) the foreign invader and then chemically digests (breaks down) that foreign invader. to perform this frequent chemical digestion, macrophage have more than the average body cell is
Macrophages are immune system cells that are vital to the development of non-specific defense mechanisms that provide the first line of defense against pathogens. These large immune cells are present in nearly all tissues and actively remove dead and damaged cells, bacteria, cancerous cells, and cellular debris from the body.
What is Macrophages?
Macrophages are specialized cells that hunt for, engulf, and kill bacteria and other dangerous organisms. They can also activate other cells by releasing substances known as cytokines, which present antigens to T cells and start an inflammatory response.
Blood monocytes that leave the bloodstream to differentiate in various organs give rise to macrophages. Each macrophage population exhibits significant variety, which most likely reflects the level of specialization necessary for each tissue's environment.
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answers
1. Top Predator
2. Carnivore
3. Herbivores
4. Producers
Answer:
found at the producers 4.
the prevalence and risk factors of ptsd symptoms among medical assistance workers during the covid-19 pandemic.
The reserve medics reported a high occurrence of despair, anxiety, and strain in addition to clinically involved signs and symptoms. are risk factors of PTSD comprehensive screening and intervention applications have to be in the vicinity to assist reserve medics to cope with mental health challenges and construct resilience for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The rapid increase in cases led to the pandemic's first-rate strain on the municipal medical care gadget in Wuhan and different cities of Hubei Province, resulting in an intense shortage of medical. In reaction, the principal government mobilized different provinces, municipalities, and areas, to ship reserve medics to the maximum affected towns in Hubei, particularly the embattled Wuhan metropolis.
The reserve medics reported a high occurrence of depression, tension, and strain in addition to clinically involved signs and symptoms. complete screening and intervention programs should be in the region to assist reserve medics to address intellectual fitness challenges and construct resilience at some stage in the pandemic.
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How are iconic and covalent bonds alike? How are they different?
the transcription factor zeb2 regulates development of conventional and plasmacytoid dcs by repressing id2.
Answer: Zeb2 controls commitment to both the cDC2 and pDC lineages by inhibiting Id2.
Explanation: Pre-pDCs give rise to plasmacytoid dendritic cells, whereas pre-cDCs, which are lineage-committed, give rise to the two lineages of conventional dendritic cells (cDC1 and cDC2). The formation of pDCs and cDC1s has been linked to a number of transcription factors , but it is uncertain whether TFs are necessary for pre-cDCs to commit to the cDC2 lineage at an early stage. From the pre-pDC and pre-cDC stage on, Zeb2 was expressed, and it was significantly expressed in mature pDCs and cDC2s. Id2 was discovered to be a specific target of Zeb2 by chromatin immunoprecipitation research. We thus deduce that Zeb2 controls commitment to both the cDC2 and pDC lineages by inhibiting Id2.
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sokol, h. et al. low counts of faecalibacterium prausnitzii in colitis microbiota. inflamm bowel dis 15, 1183–1189 (2009).
The microbiota is made up of a diverse range of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes that are unique to one area, such the human digestive tract.
What does the research paper indicate?Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology, in particular, is thought to be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. The purpose was to contrast the composition of the fecal microbiota in colitis patients and healthy participants (HS). Patients with IBD have a different fecal microbiota from those with HS. In both IC and A-IBD patients, the phylum Firmicutes, and especially the species F. prausnitzii, are underrepresented. Due to the persistent correlation between lower F. prausnitzii levels and less protection of the gut mucosa, these bacteria may be essential for maintaining gut homeostasis.Learn more about the Microbiota with the help of the given link:
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How can you justify that Golgi exhibits the phenomenon of membrane flow?
How would you measure and compare the sizes of the two balls? football and volleyball
A measuring tape or direct observation can be used to gauge and contrast the dimensions of two balls.
You must be aware of a ball's circumference in order to measure it. To do this, you must measure the circumference of each ball with a measuring tape, compare the results, and decide which one is the largest.
However, observation is a different approach that can be employed and is advised when the disparity is clearly discernible
What is measuring ?A measurement in science is a group of numerical or quantitative data that describes a characteristic of an object or event. A quantity is measured by being compared to a reference unit.
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67. huang hh, liang y. integrating molecular interactions and gene expression to identify biomarkers and network modules of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. technol health care 2022; 30: 135-142.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the world's top cause of death for the greatest number of individuals, known for its chronic obstructive diseases, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.
How genes impact on COPD?The precise causal process of COPD is still unknown, despite several attempts to discover biomarkers and pathways. In order to better understand the biological mechanism and network module underlying COPD, this study integrates information on biological interactions with information on gene expression. 49 genes were chosen using a sparse network-based technique from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression data of 136 participants, comprising 42 ex-smokers and 94 COPD patients. The findings indicate that these 49 genes may have an impact on COPD-related biological functions and molecular processes.Learn more about the COPD with the help of the given link:
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Mutations occur at random and can increase within a population for no
particular purpose. Our immune system is capable of detecting and killing
certain viruses. Would a virus, such as HIV, that has a frequent rate of
mutation be more or less successful in avoiding the immune system?
The frequent rate of mutation in viruses such as HIV would make them more successful in avoiding the immune system.
What are mutations?Mutations are random changes which occur in the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of an organism.
Mutations produce deleterious effects when they occur in organism. However, in some instances, mutation produce advantages to the organism in which they occur, for example to make pathogens resistant to drugs.
This is because the drug target site has been modified. Also, the immune system will be unable to recognize the pathogen as in the case of viruses such as HIV.
In conclusion, mutations in pathogens can help them to evade destruction by the body's immune system or drugs.
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Many soil-dwelling bacteria produce molecules that can be naturally synthesized and kill other species of bacteria. What are these bacteria-killing molecules called?.
These molecules that kill bacteria are known as anti-biotics.
Antibiotic literally translates to "against bacteria". It is a specific class of antimicrobial agent that works to kill bacteria. The use of antibiotic drugs is common in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections since they are the most effective type of antibacterial agent. Bacterial growth may be prevented or killed by them.They either destroy the germs or make it difficult for them to proliferate and flourish.There are several ways to take antibiotics:Orally (by mouth): These could be tablets, capsules, or liquids.Topically: You might apply this to your skin as a cream, spray, or ointment. Additionally, it can be ear drops, eye drops, or eye ointment. Intravenously: an injection.So, the answer is antibiotics.
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Do cells use carbohydrates as a source of amnio acids
Answer:
Yes sssdddddsdsssss
Explanation:
tutututytytututuytutyrut
What structural property of dna gave watson and crick the idea that dna replication was likely to proceed via a semiconservative mechanism?.
The complementary nature of base pairing between the two strands of DNA is the structural property of DNA that gave Watson and Crick the idea that DNA replication was likely to proceed via a semiconservative mechanism.
Watson and Crick are the two scientists known for coming up with the model of DNA, the hereditary molecule. DNA is a double helix structure made up of two strands. These strands are held together by the complementary pairing of the 4 nucleotide bases.
In the DNA, adenine from one strand pairs with thymine from the other strand. Guanine from one strand pairs with cytosine. This complementary pairing is the reason that Watson and Crick proposed the semi-conservative model for DNA replication.
In the semi-conservative model, each strand of DNA acts as a template strand from which a new strand is made.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
What structural property of DNA gave Watson and Crick the idea that DNA replication was likely to proceed via a semiconservative mechanism?
A) The nitrogen content in the bases
B) The complementary nature of base pairing between the two strands
C) The repeating nature of the sugar-phosphate backbone
D) The helical shape of the double strand
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How to cure ringworm?
What component of plant cells does the tobacco mosaic virus infect?
charlotte looks at a plant through a microscope and notices that the plant cells are packed with green chlorophyll. there is also a thin waxy layer at the top of the segment. what part of the plant is she most likely viewing?
The part of the plant where cells are packed with green chlorophyll and there is also a thin waxy layer at the top of the segment can be the leaves.
Chlorophyll is the green colored pigment found in the plants. It is present inside the chlorophyll and is involved in the process of photosynthesis. The function of the chlorophyll is absorb the energy from the sunlight, which participates in the light reaction.
Leaves are the thin flattened structures of the plant that arise from the stems. They are mostly green in color and whole cells are rich in chlorophyll. The function of the leaves if to make food for the entire plant by photosynthesis.
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The examination of physical evidence by a forensic scientist is usually undertaken for.
The examination of physical evidence by a forensic scientist is usually undertaken for identification or comparison purposes.
A forensic scientist is a kind of scientist that has a keen observation so that he can analyze a crime scene and carry out investigations.
Physical evidence can be described as any clue, such as an object, an impression, marks, etc that are present at the crime scene.
Based on the physical evidence, the forensic scientist can carry out an investigation. The physical evidence acts as a solid clue in crime investigations. A forensic scientist can identify the clue or compare it with a suspect in order to catch a culprit.
Physical, as well as chemical examination of the physical evidence, is done so that authentic results can be deduced from it.
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which term best describes the organization of the nervous system? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices hierarchical random linear disconnected
Hierarchical is the word that best explains how the nervous system is organized.
What exactly is a nervous system?The control center of your body is your neurological system. It is controlled by your brain and governs your actions, thoughts, and automatic reactions to your environment. Additionally, it regulates other bodily functions and systems, including digestion, breathing, and sexual development (puberty).Why is the nervous system so crucial?The nervous system facilitates communication between all body parts. In addition, it responds to alterations both inside and outside the body. The nervous system transmits and receives information using both chemical and electrical methods.There are two primary sections of the nervous system: The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.learn more about nervous system here
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natural selection is a fundamental mechanism driving the evolution of species. to research this conclusion, a group of scientists wants to test the effects of increased ocean acidity on a population of coral. what result from this experiment would confirm that natural selection is a process that can drive evolution? (3 points)
darwin was well aware of what effect his theory of evolution would have on the public and on the church of england.
Darwin was well aware of what effect his theory of evolution would have on the public and on the church of England.
The statement is true.
Darwin's groundbreaking theory was that new species do not originate from God's eternally unchangeable creation but rather develop organically via a process of evolution.
Darwin held off on releasing his findings for several decades while he gathered more evidence because he was fully aware of the effect his theory of evolution would have on the general public and the Church of England. He suggested that natural populations can also change after citing selective breeding of tamed animals as proof that groupings of creatures can undergo change.
The public and religious establishment in Britain was astonished when Darwin's work was first made public in 1859.
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What is the typical magnification of an ocular lens? What other magnifications are possible?
(Subject science)
Answer:
An ocular lens consists of one to three lenses and is also provided with a mechanism, called a field stop, that removes unnecessary reflected light and aberration. Different types are available according to the magnification they provide, such as 7x and 15x.
ringworm is caused by: group of answer choices worms infected with fungi invading the skin. dermatophytes that have invaded deep into the living tissue. a hypersensitivity caused by superficial contact with dermatophytes. toxins produced by dermatophytes. dermatophytes growing in the outer dead tissue layers of the skin (epidermis).
Ringworm is caused by C) dermatophytes growing in the outer dead tissue layers of the skin epidermis.
Ringworm is spread through pores and skin-to-pores and skin touch or via touching an infected animal or object. Ringworm is usually scaly and can be crimson and itchy. Ringworm of the scalp is common in children, where they could purpose bald patches.
Ringworm is a common fungal pore and skin infection otherwise called tinea. Ringworm maximum normally affects the skin on the frame tinea corporis, the scalp tinea capitis, the feet tinea pedis, athlete's foot, or the groin.
Ringworm after touching an animal that has ringworm. Many special sorts of animals can unfold ringworm to people, which include puppies and cats, especially kittens and puppies.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
A) worms infected with fungi invading the skin.
B) dermatophytes that have invaded deep into the living tissue.
C) dermatophytes growing in the outer dead tissue layers of the skin (epidermis).
D) a hypersensitivity caused by superficial contact with dermatophytes.
E) toxins produced by dermatophytes.
Under a microscope you view a cell with an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum present. What could this indicate?.
The cell has a high energy demand.The clean endoplasmic reticulum capabilities in lots of metabolic processes. It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids. Cells that secrete those merchandise, which includes cells of the testes, ovaries, and pores and skin oil glands, have an extra of clean endoplasmic reticulum.
Large quantities of clean ER are located in liver cells in which one in every of its important capabilities is to detoxify merchandise of herbal metabolism and to endeavour to detoxify overloads of ethanol derived from extra alcoholic ingesting and additionally barbiturates from drug overdose.
Smooth ER includes an extended community of a folded, tube-like structure. You can think about it like a pipeline with a variety of twists and turns. The indoors of the clean ER is known as the lumen, that is enclosed via way of means of a phospholipid membrane, much like the membrane that encloses the complete cell.
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The main purpose of a forester is to identify land for timber harvesting.
what field of work has been most impacted as dna technology has improved? banking forensic analysis international trade electronics manufacturing
Forensic Analysis has been most impacted as DNA technology has improved. For Example, DNA Fingerprinting.
Forensic Analysis- The term "forensic analysis" refers to a comprehensive process for determining, examining, and documenting the origin, development, and consequences of a security incident or a breach of municipal, state, and organizational legislation.
DNA Fingerprinting- The nucleotide sequences of specific human DNA regions that are distinctive to each individual are used in the laboratory procedure known as DNA fingerprinting to ascertain a person's likely identification.
Nucleotide Sequence- The most fundamental understanding of a gene or genome is its nucleotide sequence. No comprehension of genetic function or evolution could be complete without learning about this blueprint, which includes the instructions for developing an organism.
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When are hypothesis supported in science?
(Environmental science)
Answer:
it has to be an idea that can be supported through carefully crafted experimentation or observation.
double histidine based epr measurements at physiological temperatures permit site-specific elucidation of hidden dynamics in enzymes
Double Histidine Based EPR Measurements at Physiological Temperatures Permit Site‐Specific Elucidation of Hidden Dynamics in Enzymes is a research paper written by Kevin Singewald and Xiaowei Bogetti.
What is the abstract?All biological activities revolve around protein dynamics. In this study, we use the dHis-Cu(II)NTA motif to gather site-specific data on dynamics for both a ß-sheet and a -helix site of GB1, the protein G immunoglobulin binding domain. Our CW-EPR measurements revealed spectral characteristics that agreed with both the general rigidity of GB1 and the expectations made by molecular dynamics simulations. With the use of this knowledge, we demonstrate how this method may be used to clarify the role of dynamics in substrate binding of a functionally essential -helix in human glutathione transferase A1-1 (hGSTA1-1). We find that the helix has two dynamical modes. The inclusion of the inhibitors GS-Met and GS-Hex caused the structure of hGSTA1-1 to favor the more rigid active state, but the faster mode may help with the search.
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Our body needs Oxygen and Glucose to ensure which process can take place in our
body?
A. Homeostasis
B. Photosynthesis
C. Thermoregulation
D. Cellular Respiration
Answer: Number D
Explanation: During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen, forming ATP that can be used by the cell. Carbon dioxide and water are created as byproducts.
Answer:
The answer will be
D). Cellular Respiration
Antibodies that help defend the body against harmful substances are which
type of biomolecule?
B. Carbohydrates
A. Nucleic acids
C. Proteins
D. Lipids
Which of the following are examples of processes in your body that we must keep balanced?
A. Blood sugar levels, heart rate, wrinkles on our skin, and brushing our teeth
B. Body temperature, finger nail growth and food intake
C. Body temperature, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure
D. None of the above
Answer:
option = c the process in body that w must keep balanced are body temperature, blood sugar levels and blood pressureBody temperature, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure are examples of processes in your body that we must keep balanced. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
Body temperature, blood sugar, and blood pressure must be adjusted for health. Homeostatic mechanisms control these physiological processes to preserve internal stability and optimise cellular and organ function.
To facilitate metabolism and enzyme activity, body temperature is tightly controlled. To keep cells energised and avoid consequences from excessive or low blood sugar, glucose levels must be managed. Controlling blood pressure ensures adequate blood circulation and protects blood vessels and organs.
Option A includes wrinkling and tooth brushing. Option B contains unregulated processes like fingernail growth and food intake. Option D claims that none of the following are balanced processes, yet option C lists balanced bodily processes.
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