Reverse genetics is an experimental molecular genetics technique that enables researchers to understand how genes work by analyzing phenotypic changes brought on by the genetic engineering of particular nucleic acid sequences in cells or organisms (within DNA or RNA).
How reverse genetics are used for crops?Reverse genetic methods have been widely used to study the function of genes in crop species, but because of the complexity of the soybean genome, the existence of multiple gene families, and the duplication of genes, these methods, including gel-based TILLING, are not very effective at characterizing the genes in this plant. Chemical mutagenesis is now being used to create large-scale soybean mutants for the enhancement of economically significant features. The method offers an unmatched platform for functional gene research and very efficient polyploid mutant population screening. The obtained soybean mutants from this work can be applied in upcoming breeding efforts for soybeans to improve features related to oil composition.Learn more about the Reverse genetics with the help of the given link:
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the many different disciplines that are used to study environmental science include biology, chemistry, economics, and political science.
The above statement 'the many different disciplines that are used to study environmental science include biology, chemistry, economics, and political science is true.
The field of environmental sciences is an interdisciplinary one as it relates to various other sciences.
In the field of environmental studies, the main area of focus study is the environment, environmental concerns, and its solution. As an environment is influenced by living as well as nonliving things hence biology and chemistry integrate into this science. Also, as the environment of a country plays an important role in economics hence the fields of environmental studies and economics are also related to each other. Political studies is also an aspect of environmental studies because the politics of a country can manage or disrupt a particular environment.
Environmental studies focus on how human beings interpret the environment and they are influencing the environment.
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° F= 418, °C and K?
Answer:
Celsius- 214.44 degrees
Kelvin- 487.594K
Explanation:
kelvin- (° F 418 -32) x 5/9 +273.15= 487.594K
Celsius- (° F 418- 32)x 5/9 - 214.444 C
Thesis & Outline
Where and how does the Big Bang Theory not match creation as told in the Bible.
The big bang does not recognize a supreme being as a first cause as does the bible.
What is the big bang?In accordance with the big bang theory the earth was started at a point and then the universe began to move outwards and expand until the earth got to what it is today. This exclude the possibility of an external force or an external hand that may have played a role in the formation of the earth.
On the other hand, the creationist account has it that God made the heavens and the earth. Thus the earth was fashioned by God as it is in its present form.
Thus the big bang does not recognize a supreme being as a first cause as does the bible. This is the point where the big bang differs from bible account.
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a(n) period is a brief time following a nerve impulse when the membrane is unresponsive to an ordinary stimulus.
A refractory period is a brief time following a nerve impulse when the membrane is unresponsive to an ordinary stimulus.
What is refractive period?The refractory period occurs just after the ongoing the intercourse come to an ends.
It implies to the time in between having an release also the feeling ready to be intercourse arises again. It is also referred to as the resolution stage.
This physiological response is basically accompanied by a psychological refractory period in which the individual is usually not that much indulged in intercourse.
Oxytocin, also the one acting as the bonding chemical, as it is experienced by females either after intercourse or during maternal activities like one as childbirth and feeding, can aids in relaxation in men, contributing to the contentedly initial state after release.
The brief time after a nerve impulse is referred as refractory period when the membrane is unresponsive to an ordinary stimulus.
Thus, the answer is refractory period.
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if a person eats one hard-boiled egg and digests the egg fully, cellular respiration will convert most of this energy into
If a person eats one hard-boiled egg and digests the egg fully, cellular respiration will convert most of this energy into heat.
The process of cellular respiration is just like the process of burning. When a person eats a hard-boiled egg and energy from is consumed in cellular respiration, then in the end most of it will be converted into heat.
Although as a result of ATP is produced but energy is also lost as heat during cellular respiration. Most of the energy from glucose that is used in cellular respiration is dissipated as heat.
The process of cellular respiration is opposite to that of photosynthesis. In the process of photosynthesis, glucose is made. In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is utilized.
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What enabled Europe to establish trade networks at this time?
1. most of the scientific ideas where being generated in Europe
2. they had the best armies
3. many inventors and scientists make discoveries during this time
4. control over fleets of ships
Answer:
many inventors and scientists make discoveries during this time
Explanation:
Advances in navigation, cartography, and military technology allowed Europeans to establish overseas colonies and empires. These included compasses , portolani maps, astrolabe, guns and gunpowder
Dust from agricultural processes
and construction constitutes
WHAT type of air pollution?
A. Suspended Particulate Matter
B. Ozone
C. Nitrogen Oxides
D. Carbon
Answer:
A. Suspended Particulate Matter
whole-exome sequencing reveals a novel mutation of flna gene in an iranian family with nonsyndromic tetralogy of fallot
Objective: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common congenital abnormalities that want early intervention. Here, for the first time, we file a nonsyndromic form of TOF triggered with the aid of a novel variant in the FLNA gene in two siblings of an Iranian family.
Methods: The family underwent a whole workup, including karyotyping, sequencing of 6 common genes in congenital heart diseases (GATA4, NKX2-5, ZIC3, FOXH1, NODAL, and GJA1), array comparative genomic hybridization, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and whole-exome sequencing. Segregation and in silico analysis were also conducted for the identified variant.
Results: A variant, c.3415C>T, in the FLNA gene was determined in both affected brothers in this family; this variant used to be heterozygous in their mother. Bioinformatics tools anticipated the variant as a pathogenic one.
Conclusion: Many allelic issues have been said for FLNA mutations. Mutations in this gene may additionally reason a nonsyndromic congenital form of TOF.
The Principle of Segregation describes how pairs of gene variants are separated into reproductive cells. The segregation of gene variants, referred to as alleles, and their corresponding characteristics used to be first located with the aid of Gregor Mendel in 1865. Mendel was once studying genetics by performing mating crosses in pea plants.
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um has a faulty lac operon in which there is a structural defect in the operator. in this bacterium: a. there is a mutation in a segment of dna that binds a promoter. b. a missense mutation is found in the gene that codes for the repressor. c. there is a structural problem with a segment of dna that binds a repressor. d. there will be no proteins available capable of digesting lactose.
As a bacterium has a faulty lac operon in which there is a structural defect in the operator in this bacterium as there is a structural problem with a segment of DNA that binds a repressor. The correct option is c.
What is a lac operon?A bacterium has a fully lac operon with a structural flaw in the operator. A segment of DNA that binds a repressor in this bacterium has a structural flaw.
The operator in the lac operon is the segment of DNA that binds to the repressor.
In the absence of functional repressor/operator binding, the cell will produce the proteins required for lactose metabolism constitutively.
Thus, the correct option is c.
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The lionfish is a venomous type of fish that is native to the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea but was introduced into the Western Atlantic Ocean. They are predators that eat any other type of fish or invertebrate that fits in its mouth, and reproduce faster than the fish native to this area. What kind of negative impact does the lionfish have on native fish species?
A. Competition for finding a mate decreases, making it easier for other native fish species to reproduce.
B. Competition for survival decreases, making it easier for both lion fish species and native fish species to survive.
C. Competition for food increases, leaving less available food for other native fish species to eat.
D. Competition for spreading disease increases, leaving fewer lionfish available to reproduce.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
a species like this is typically called invasive, where they can harm the ecosystem from total domination of many layers of the food chain. because the lionfish eats so much, there will be loss food for other species to consume, causing some to die of starvation
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Who narrated the movie “fuel”
Answer:
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A model organism is a species that researchers study to better understand certain biological processes. Mollusks and arthropods are commonly used as model organisms for studying mechanisms of learning and memory, while sponges and jellyfish are not. Why is this?
Mollusks and arthropods are commonly used as model organisms for studying mechanisms of learning and memory because they have sophisticated specialized nerve systems that allow them to rapidly respond to environmental stimuli, while sponges and jellyfish do not have these features.
What are model organisms?Model organisms are life forms whose features are advantageous to study a given cellular or biological process, for example, signaling pathways in animals closely related to the human species.
These advantageous features in animal models may include for example a rapid generation time for the development of many offspring in the same generation of individuals.
In conclusion, mollusks and arthropods are commonly used as model organisms for studying mechanisms of learning and memory because they have sophisticated specialized nerve systems that allow them to rapidly respond to environmental stimuli, while sponges and jellyfish do not have these features.
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The most striking property of the noble gases is their inactivity.
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The most significant property of the noble gases (group 18) is their inactivity. They occur in low concentrations in the atmosphere . They find uses as inert atmospheres, neon signs, and as coolants. The three heaviest noble gases react with fluorine to form fluorides.
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genin gm, kent a, birman v, et al. 2009. functional grading of mineral and collagen in the attachment of tendon to bone. biophys j 97:976–985.
Due to the potential for high levels of localized stress to form at their interfaces, the attachment of different materials presents a significant difficulty.
At one of nature's most severe interfaces, when a tendon attaches to a bone, a stiff, structural "hard tissue," an efficient biologic solution to this challenge can be found. Objective was to create biomechanical models that would explain how the mechanical characteristics of the tendon-to-bone insertion are derived.We looked at the tendon-to-bone insertion and discovered two elements that grade the tendon-to-bone transition mechanically uniquely:
1) a gradation in collagen fiber orientation, as determined by polarized light microscopy, and
2) a gradation in mineral concentration, as determined by Raman spectroscopy.
What is Collagen ?Collagen serves as the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix that makes up the body's numerous connective tissues.It makes up between 25% and 35% of the protein in a mammal's entire body and is the basic building block of connective tissue.Products containing collagen are marketed as having the ability to increase skin blood flow, improve skin elasticity, and minimize visible wrinkles. Our skin doesn't sag because of collagen, which gives us a plump, youthful appearance.To know more about Collagen Fiber please click here : https://brainly.com/question/24244925
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Your question seems incomplete, please refer below for the complete question:
Discuss biomechanical models that detail how the mechanical characteristics of the tendon-to-bone insertion are derived.
How well do adolescents handle adolescence according to more recent studies?
Answer:
adolescents cannot control adolescence according to more recent studies.
Explanation:
But they should be aware of it.
True or False? Wet soil is easily picked up by the wind and carried away.
Answer: False
Explanation: I think false because if it is wet it must have absorbed lots of water and when things get wet they get heavier, for example a washcloth when it gets wet it's weight changes and you can tell just by picking it up. ( sorry this made no sense lol)
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Because when a thing is wet it becomes more heavy than when dried
When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. How does this affect the sustainability of the ecosystem?.
Answer:
Lets say that one link was removed from the food web, that would make that ecosystem no longer exist.
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When you consume foods, digestion begins in the mouth where the chewed food encounters this enzyme.
When you consume foods, digestion begins in the mouth where the chewed food encounters this enzyme called salivary amylase.
In what enzymes does the mouth ?Saliva has unique enzymes that aid in the digestion of the carbs in your diet. Starches, which are complex carbs, are broken down by an enzyme called amylase into sugars, which your body can absorb more readily. Additionally, lingual lipase, an enzyme that breaks down fats, is present in saliva.
The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth. The salivary enzyme amylase begins the breakdown of food starches into maltose, a diasaccharide.
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pacinian corpuscles - deep pressure and vibration meissner corpuscles - light touch merkel cells (discs) - deep pressure and texture ruffini endings - stretch ree nerve endings - pain and temperature
An onion-shaped nonneural (connective) tissue structure called a Pacinian corpuscle is built around a nerve ending to lessen the mechanical sensitivity of the nerve terminal itself.
One of the four main types of mechanoreceptors (specialized nerve endings with adventitious tissue for mechanical sensing) found in mammalian skin is the Pacinian corpuscle, also known as the lamellar corpuscle or the Vater-Pacini corpuscle. Both hirsute (hairy) and glabrous (hairless) skin, viscera, joints, and the periosteum of bone include this type of mechanoreceptor, which is principally in charge of sensitivity to vibration. A small number of them are also susceptible to low frequency or quasi-static pressure stimuli. The majority of them only react to abrupt perturbations and are particularly sensitive to vibrations at frequencies under a few hundred Hz. The vibrational role could be utilized to distinguish between smooth and rough surfaces, for example. A large portion of Pacinian corpuscles functions as quickly adapting mechanoreceptors.
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humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
The given statement is true.
Humans can digest starch but no longer cellulose due to the fact humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha-glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta-glycosidic linkages of cellulose. The enzyme amylase can spoil glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are linked with the aid of the alpha form.
Enzymes are proteins that assist velocity up chemical reactions in our bodies. Enzymes are imperative for digestion, liver feature and tons more. Too a lot or too little of a positive enzyme can cause health problems. Enzymes in our blood can additionally help healthcare companies test for accidents and diseases.
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Which statement best explains the relationship between HbS allele frequency and malaria endemicity in Africa?
The frequency of the HbS allele ranges from 0 to 2.02 when there is no malaria in a region.
From the two maps provided, it is clear that they show the prevalence of malaria and sickle cell hemoglobin alleles, respectively, in Africa.
The heat map shows lighter red hues in the areas where malaria outbreaks were nonexistent. This demonstrates that, according to the map, the frequency of the HbS allele ranges from 0 to 2.02.
The sickle cell hemoglobin allele, or HbS, confers immunity from malaria. This is due to the selective advantage that people with the sickle cell allele have in regions with a high prevalence of malaria.
Therefore, in the malaria holoendemic (most people are infected) zone, natural selection will prefer the group that carries the HbS allele. In this population, a high frequency of the HbS allele is anticipated.
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Which statement best explains the relationship between HbS allele frequency and malaria endemicity in Africa?
When an area is malaria free, the HbS allele frequency is between 0 and 2.02. When an area is holoendemic, the HbS allele frequency is between 0.52 and 4.04. When an area is malaria free, the HbS allele frequency is between 12.64 and 18.18. When an area is holoendemic, the HbS allele frequency is between 0 and 0.51.
select components of biodiversity. multiple select question. ecosystems in which species live relative abundance of species reproduction rates of species number of species genetic variability of species potential for human benefit from species
The components of biodiversity are genetic variability, relative abundance, ecosystems, and number of species. The correct options are A, B, D, and E.
What is biodiversity?Biodiversity corresponds to the wide range of life that can be encountered in a particular region, including living creatures, plants, yeasts, and perhaps even pathogens such as bacteria.
Each of these lifeforms and living things collude in ecosystems to find equilibrium and survive in the wild, much like an elaborate system.
Biodiversity refers to the variability of living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, as well as the ecological complexes of which they are a part.
It includes diversity within species, diversity between species, and diversity of ecosystems.
Genetic variability, relative abundance, ecosystems, and the number of species are all components of biodiversity.
Thus, the correct options are A, B, D, and E.
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Scientists who study
ocean temperatures
have seen
A. that the ocean is recently becoming colder
B. that the ocean is recently becoming warmer
C. that the ocean temperatures are not changing at all
000
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which list contains an item that does not belong with the others? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices sympathetic nervous system, increases heart rate, slows digestion parasympathetic nervous system, increases respiration, stimulates digestion sympathetic nervous system, dilates pupils, relaxes bladder parasympathetic nervous system, contracts pupils, stimulates blood flow to the genitals
Answer: parasympathetic nervous system increase respiration stimulates digestion
Explanation:
i took one for the team
Parasympathetic nervous system, increase respiration and stimulates digestion sympathetic nervous system are the list contains an item that does not belong with the other.
What is parasympathetic nervous system?It very well may be called your "programmed" sensory system, as it's answerable for some capabilities that you don't need to contemplate to control. This can incorporate control of your pulse, circulatory strain, absorption, pee and perspiring, among different capabilities.
The parasympathetic piece of your autonomic sensory system adjusts your thoughtful sensory system. While your thoughtful sensory system controls your body's "survival" reaction, your parasympathetic sensory system assists with controlling your body's reaction during seasons of rest.
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given that the glomerular filtration rate of a substance is 100 mg/min, the secretion rate is 20 mg/min and the reabsorption of this substance is 30 mg/min. what is the excretion rate of this substance from the body in mg/min?
The excretion rate of the substance from the body is 50 mg/min.
The glomerular filtration rate depends on the secretion rate, reabsorption rate, and excretion rate.
Glomerular filtration rate = Secretion rate + Reabsorption rate + Excretion rate
Glomerular Filteration Rate- The volume of plasma filtered by the glomeruli in a given amount of time is known as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and it is often calculated by measuring the rate at which a drug is cleared from the plasma. The National Kidney Foundation states that typical findings fall between 90 and 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. GFR levels will be lower in older individuals than usual since GFR declines with age.
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Writing has existed for 5,400 years. Modern humans have a great capacity to read, but 5,400 years is not enough time for humans to have evolved this ability. Therefore, the capacity to read was already natural to homo sapiens. True or false?.
It is a true statement that the capacity to read was already natural to homo sapiens.
What is evolution?The term evolution has to do with the changes that occur in an organism. We know that from the evolution theory, an organism tends to pass through many stages before it gets to the present stage that it is in the now.
We are told in the question that Writing has existed for 5,400 years. We know that the evolution of the modern man has taken so many million years to ago and that the process of evolution is still ongoing today. The modern man is called Homo Sapiens. Modern humans have a great capacity to read, but 5,400 years is not enough time for humans to have evolved this ability.
It is therefore a true statement from the foregoing that the capacity to read was already natural to homo sapiens.
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Which table correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis?
The table that correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis is Table A.
What is the plasma membrane?The plasma membrane is a structure which surrounds the cell and its function is to separate the interior of the cell from the extracellular environment, thus maintaining the homeostasis of the cell since it will control what enters and leaves this cell.
This structure will be found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Therefore, we can confirm that the table that correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis is Table A.
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damage in systemic lupus erythematosus results from the formation of antigen/antibody complexes medicated by
the process by which the information in a gene directs the synthesis of a protein is called . question 6 options: replication post translation modification gene expression cloning
The process by which the information in a gene directs the synthesis of a protein is called translation. The correct option is B.
What is translation?Translation is the process by which mRNA directs protein synthesis with the help of tRNA.
The ribosome is a massive complex made up of RNA and protein molecules. Each three-base stretch of mRNA (triplet) is referred to as a codon, and each codon contains information for a single amino acid.
The process of copying genetic information encoded in DNA onto an mRNA strand that directs protein synthesis.
The process of determining the amino acid sequence of a protein by reading the mRNA nucleotide sequence.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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A farmer working on a piece of machinery gets his shirtsleeve caught in a moving piece of the equipment. His shirt is sliced, and a sharp
blade covered in mud slices through his upper arm. He attempts to control the bleeding and immediately seeks medical attention. After 3
days, he develops a fever and his arm becomes extremely swollen and painful. Pulling back the bandages, he finds that the wound has
become blackened and is leaking bloody fluid. Microscopic analysis of the fluid reveals the presence of gram-positive bacilli.
a. Discuss what condition the patient is suffering from and the likely causative agent of this infection.
b. Explain how the patient contracted this pathogenic microbe and what virulence factors contributed to the pathogenesis seen at
the wound site.
c. In addition to antibiotics, the physician prescribes hyperbaric therapy. Describe what this treatment involves and how it could be
therapeutic to this patient
Based on the bacterial characterisation, we can determine that this is a gram-positive bacterium, and based on the symptoms and biopsy, we can also conclude that it is most likely bacilli.
From the evidence obtained from bacterial characterization, it is possible to allude the symptoms to a gram-positive bacterium. It is also plausible to conclude that it is most likely bacilli based on the symptoms and biopsy. It is obvious he had a fever, a swollen arm, and black skin which furthers supports the bacterium assumption. The bacterium responsible was most likely from Clostridium perforation. The bandage kept on for some days allowed the bacterial growth resulting in gangrene. To be sure of these assumptions, more testing, however, are required to identify this bacterium as the source of the illness. Necrosis or necrosis of muscle tissue distinguishes gangrene. This infection is mainly acquired through wounds and contact with soil particles, as we noticed in the patient's arm.
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